PRONOUNS



PRONOUNS

A pronoun is a word used in ___________ of one or more ____________ or __________.

examples: Ask Dan if Dan has done Dan’s homework.

Ask Dan if he has done his homework.

Susie and Sally went to the movies.

They went to the movies.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

TYPES: A personal pronoun refers to

• the one speaking: __________________________

• the one spoken to: __________________________

• the one spoken about: _______________________

CASES: There are three cases: nominative, objective, and possessive.

• The way a pronoun is used in a sentence determines its case.

o Subject pronouns use the __________________ case.

o Predicate or object pronouns use the ________________ case.

o Possessive pronouns use the _________________ case.

▪ Possessive pronouns function as ______________ in a sentence

▪ Possessive pronouns______________ have apostrophes.

If the pronoun “I’ or “me” is part of a compound subject or object, it is polite to put yourself last.

When determining case…

1. First ask yourself – _____________________________________

• If the answer is YES, the pronoun is in the ____________________ case.

2. If it does not show possession, look at _____________ it is _____________ in the sentence.

3. If it is in the _____________ or refers to the subject, it is ________________.

4. If it is in the _____________ and is different than the subject, it is ________________.

Here’s a quick way to check:

• ____________sees Bob. (nominative)

• Bob sees _____________. (objective)

PRONOUNS & ANTECEDENTS

An antecedent is the _______________ that the pronoun replaces.

Examples:

• Sharon always brings her purse to school.

o (her is the pronoun, Sharon is the antecedent)

• The book lists inventors, and it is fascinating.

(it is the pronoun and book is the antecedent.)

Pronouns and antecedents must agree on two items:

1. _____________________

2. _____________________

Examples:

• Brian brought his friend to the party. (correct gender)

• Vera and Wendy are using their phones. (correct number)

**WHEN YOU USE PRONOUNS, MAKE SURE THAT THEIR ANTECEDENTS ARE ____________. THIS IS KNOWN AS ____________ ______________.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

Demonstrative pronouns ____________ out something and stand ___________ in a sentence.

This (singular) and these (plural) point out something nearby.

That (singular) and those (plural) point out something at a distance.

ex. That is a new chair.

I found those in the forest.

Demonstrative Adjectives:

***IF THIS, THAT, THESE, AND THOSE ARE USED _____________________ BEFORE A NOUN RATHER THAN IN PLACE OF A NOUN, IT IS FUNCTIONING AS AN __________________ RATHER THAN AS A PRONOUN. ***

ex. This is a huge building. (demonstrative pronoun)

This building is huge. (demonstrative adjective)

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

Interrogative pronouns introduce _________________.

They are what, which, who, whom, and whose

• Who will be taking the bus to school?

• What is the answer to the question?

**Do I use “Who” or “Whom”**

• If you can remove the interrogative pronoun and replace with ________ or _______ the answer is __________.

• If you can remove the interrogative pronoun and replace with ________ or _______ the answer is __________.

Examples:

• Who is not going?

• To whom am I speaking?

REFLEXIVE AND INTENSIVE PRONOUNS

Singular Plural

myself ourselves

yourself yourselves

himself, herself, itself themselves

***DO NOT USE _______________ OR _________________***

A _________________ pronoun directs the action of the verb back to the subject

• Becky will plan the party herself.

An ________________ pronoun adds ______________ to a noun or pronoun already named. The intensive pronoun comes _____________ _____________ the noun it is emphasizing.

• Becky, herself, will plan the party.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

An indefinite pronoun does ________ refer to a particular person, place, or thing

Some indefinite pronouns can be singular or plural depending on the phrases that follow the pronoun.

Ex.- Most of Ghandi’s life is well known: Singular

Most of his listeners were inspired: Plural

| |Another, each, everything, nobody, one, anybody |

|Singular |Either, no one, someone, nothing, anyone, everyone, |

| |Neither, everybody, something, much, somebody |

| | |

|Plural |Both, few, many, others, several |

|Singular | |

|or |All, any, most, none, some, more |

|Plural | |

Whenever you use possessive pronouns with indefinite pronouns, you must make sure they agree with their antecedents in number and in gender.

Ex.-Many read their reports aloud: plural

Each reads his or her report: Singular/ masculine or feminine

Each of the girls raised her hand: Singular/feminine

***body, one, and thing are all _______________

Ex.- Everybody take out his/her book.

(Everybody is singular, so you must use his/her)

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