SDG 16 Hub
Overview of Provincial Performance in 2017Provincial performance in PAPI is measured based on six dimensions of governance and public administration. Overall in 2017, none of the 63 provinces excelled in all six areas. Quang Binh, Ben Tre and Bac Lieu were in the best performing groups for five out of the six dimensions (though Bac Lieu remained in the ‘low average’ performing group for the ‘Vertical Accountability’ dimension). More importantly, there remains a significantly large gap between the highest provincial score of 39.52 points and the maximum possible score of 60 points on the scale of 10 to 60 for all six dimensions. The gap between the highest and the lowest provincial scores – over 33 points – is also significant. This indicates that local governments need to do more to better satisfy their citizens’ expectations. In addition to providing an analysis of performance, the 2017 report shows how provinces have progressed over the course of the first two years – 2016 and 2017 – of the 2016-2021 government term. Importantly, this year’s report also includes an innovative set of PAPI profiles of all 63 provinces, providing detailed information to local governments about their strengths and weaknesses in governance and public administration during 2017 and over time at the sub-dimensional level. Year-on-year Changes, 2016 to 2017. Compared to 2016, all of the country’s 63 provinces increased their scores in 2017, and seven saw large improvements. Bac Lieu, Quang Ninh and Tra Vinh achieved increases above 8%, with Bac Lieu making the most impressive movement upward in the index. Kien Giang, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Dong Nai, and An Giang also saw their scores rise. When comparing 2016 and 2017 aggregate scores for the best performing group, 11 provinces (Bac Ninh, Hai Duong, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Binh Dinh, Ben Tre and Can Tho) were stable, while Bac Giang, Phu Tho, Da Nang and Dong Thap fell back into the ‘high average’ group. Hung Yen dropped into the ‘low average’ group. A comparison of 2017 and 2012 results – both the second years of successive five-year government terms (2011-2016, and 2016-2021) – shows that An Giang and Tra Vinh made impressive increases of more than 10 percent in the three dimensions that were unchanged over this period: ‘Transparency in Local Decision-Making,’ ‘Control of Corruption in the Public Sector,’ and ‘Public Service Delivery.’ Regional Patterns. Regional patterns have been consistent over time at the dimensional level: northern provinces around the Red River Delta tend to do better in the governance areas of ‘Participation at the Local Levels’ and ‘Transparency in Local Decision-Making’ than their southern peers. Conversely, provinces in the Mekong Delta and the Southeast continue to score higher than provinces in other regions in dimensions related to public services: ‘Control of Corruption in the Public Sector,’ ‘Public Administrative Procedures’ and ‘Public Service Delivery.’ These findings reflect the different governance challenges faced by different regions. Relatively even regional variation is evident in the dimension of ‘Vertical Accountability.’ Dimension 1: Participation at Local Levels. Thirteen provinces achieved significant improvements while 14 saw significant declines from their 2016 performance in this dimension. Quang Ninh, Bac Lieu, Tra Vinh and An Giang saw significant increases (above 15%), while Hau Giang, Dien Bien and Dak Lak saw large declines (exceeding -10%). Provinces also saw a large increase in the proportion of citizens reporting that local projects are monitored by citizen-led Community Investment Supervision Boards – up from 21% in 2016 to 34% in 2017. However, fewer contributors to the projects had opportunities to provide comments in local project design; the rate fell from 36% in 2016 to 33% in 2017. Summary of Year-on-year Provincial Progress and Setbacks (2017 against 2016)DimensionsProgress (≥+5% increase in point estimates) Setbacks(≤-5% decrease in point estimates) 1. Participation at Local Levels13 provinces had significant improvementsQuang Ninh, Bac Lieu, Tra Vinh and An Giang saw larger increases (above 15%)14 provinces had significant declines Hau Giang, Dien Bien and Dak Lak saw larger declines (greater than -10%)2. Transparency in Local Decision-making15 provinces had significant improvements Bac Lieu, Quang Ninh and Ba Ria-Vung Tau saw larger increases (above 15%)11 provinces had significant declinesQuang Ngai and Tien Giang saw larger declines (greater than -10%)3. Vertical Accountability27 provinces had significant improvementsThai Binh, Vinh Long, Dong Nai, Cao Bang, Thanh Hoa, Hau Giang and Bac Giang saw larger increases (above 15%)18 provinces had significant declinesDa Nang and Dak Nong saw larger declines (greater than -15%)4. Control of Corruption in the Public Sector33 provinces had significant improvementsQuang Ninh, Bac Lieu, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Lao Cai and An Giang saw larger increases (above 20%)6 provinces had significant drawbacksDak Nong, Hung Yen and Hai Phong saw larger declines (greater than -9%)5. Public Administrative Procedures8 provinces had significant improvementBac Lieu and Binh Phuoc saw larger increases (above 7%)3 provinces had significant drawbacksCan Tho, Bac Kan and Ha Tinh saw significant declines (greater than -5%)6. Public Service Delivery8 provinces had significant improvementsVinh Long and Quang Tri saw larger increases (above 7%)2 provinces had significant setbacksBinh Duong and Da Nang saw significant declines (greater than -5%)Aggregated PAPI (unweighted)7 provinces had significant improvementsBac Lieu, Quang Ninh and Tra Vinh saw significant increases (above 8%)None of the 63 provinces had significant declinesDimension 2: Transparency in Local Decision-making. Fifteen provinces significantly improved their performance levels compared to 2016 in this dimension, with Bac Lieu, Quang Ninh and Ba Ria-Vung Tau achieving the greatest increases in their scores. Meanwhile, 11 provinces, in particular Quang Ngai and Tien Giang, saw significant declines. Overall, however, progress in this dimension was insignificant, with the greatest increase seen in the proportion of citizens confirming that commune budgets and expenditures were made publicly available (up from 32% in 2016 to 36% in 2017). A key shortcoming that remains is transparency of land planning, with only around 4% of citizens reporting that they had opportunities to provide comments on local land plans in both 2016 and 2017.Dimension 3: Vertical Accountability Towards Citizens. Twenty-seven provinces made significant improvements in this dimension, with the most impressive being Thai Binh, Vinh Long and Dong Nai; each increased their year-on-year score by more than 15%. On the contrary, 18 provinces saw significant declines, with the dimensional scores for Da Nang and Dak Nong declining by 15% compared to 2016. Overall, there was a slight increase in the proportions of citizens interacting with local authorities when facing any issue; for instance, 17% met with a commune government official in 2017, up from 14% in 2016. Nonetheless, fewer were satisfied with the outcomes of these meetings with commune officials – reported satisfaction fell from 83% in 2016 to 81% in 2017. Dimension 4: Control of Corruption in the Public Sector. Over half of all provinces (33) saw a significant year-on-year improvement in this dimension. Quang Ninh, Bac Lieu, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Lao Cai and An Giang received the greatest acknowledgement by their citizens for their improved efforts to control corruption in the public sector in 2017, with their scores rising by 20% or more from the prior year. Among the six provinces that saw significant declines are Dak Nong, Hung Yen and Hai Phong, with their scores dropping by 9% or more. Encouragingly, there were lower rates of citizens saying that bribery was taking place in their provinces. However, among those that paid bribes across the country, only about 3% of the victims said they would denunciate the bribe requests in 2017, the same level as in 2016. Dimension 5: Public Administrative Procedures. As in previous years, changes in provincial performance in this area year-on-year were insignificant. Eight provinces saw an increase in their score by more than 5%, including rises of 7% or more for Bac Lieu and Binh Phuoc. Can Tho, Bac Kan and Ha Tinh, conversely, saw significant declines. Overall, citizens said they were more satisfied with administrative procedures at local one-stop shops for three out of the four services that PAPI measures (certification, construction permits, and personal documents). For services related to land use rights certificates, however, there remains room for improvement as there was a slight decrease in the total quality of these services (down from 2.64 points in 2016 to 2.55 points in 2017 on the scale of 0-4 points). Dimension 6: Public Service Delivery. Changes in this dimension have been gradual, though Vinh Long and Quang Tri were among eight provinces with improvements greater than 5%. Interestingly, Binh Duong and Da Nang are the only two provinces seeing decreases of more than 5% compared to 2016. Overall, there was a slight increase in the total quality of public primary schools and an small decrease in the total quality of district public hospitals in all provinces over the two years of 2016 and 2017. However, both indicators show a large gap between the current status of provinces in these areas and expected maximum scores, implying that both sectors need to do more to satisfy citizens.***The Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index (PAPI) is a policy monitoring tool that assesses citizen experiences and satisfaction with government performance at the national and sub-national levels in governance, public administration and public service delivery. Since its pilot in 2009, PAPI has directly interviewed 103,059 Vietnamese citizens nationwide.PAPI measures six dimensions: participation at local levels, transparency, vertical accountability, control of corruption, public administrative procedures and public service delivery. The survey has been implemented nationwide each year since 2011. For the 2017 PAPI Report, 14,097 randomly selected citizens were surveyed.PAPI is a collaboration between the Centre for Community Support and Development Studies (CECODES), the Centre for Research and Training of the Viet Nam Fatherland Front (VFF-CRT), the Real-Time Analytics and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Funding for PAPI has been generously provided by the Swiss Agency for Cooperation and Development (SDC) for 2011-2017; by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) of Australia for 2018-2021; by the Embassy of Ireland for 2018; and by the United Nations and UNDP in Viet Nam since 2009.?The full 2017 PAPI Report and more in-depth analysis can be found at: .vn. ................
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