Forces in Fluids – Study Guide
Forces in Fluids – Study Guide
• Pressure = Force
Area
• Water pressure increases as depth increases.
• The pressure in a fluid at any given depth is constant and is exerted equally in all directions.
• Air pressure decreases as altitude increases.
• According to Pascal’s Principal, a change in pressure at any point in a fluid is transmitted equally and unchanged in all directions throughout the fluid.
• In a hydraulic lift system, an increased output force is produced by a constant fluid pressure exerted on the larger area of the output piston.
• According to Bernoulli’s Principal, as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases.
• Buoyancy results in the apparent loss of weight of an object in the fluid.
• If an object is less dense than the fluid it is in, it will float. If the object is more dense than the fluid it is in, it will sink.
• When the buoyant force is equal to the weight, an object floats or is suspended. When the buoyant force is less than the weight, the object sinks.
Vocabulary:
1. pressure: a force distributed over an area.
2. pascal: the SI unit of pressure. PASCAL = N/m2 (this is like our PSI (pounds per square inch))
3. hydraulic system: a devise that uses pressurized fluid acting on pistons of different sizes to change a force.
4. lift: an upward force created from different air pressures between the top and bottom of a wing.
5. buoyancy: the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object placed in it.
6. buoyant force: a force on an object in a fluid that works opposite to that of gravity.
7. Archimedes’ Principal: the buoyant force of an object is equal to the weight of fluid displaced by that object.
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