CHRISTIAN DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION



Sargodha DivisionFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaNot to be confused with?Sargodha District.Sargodha Division???????DivisionCoordinates:?32°10′N?72°30′ECountryPakistanProvincePunjabCapitalSargodhaEstablished2008[1]Districts4Government???TypeDistrict???Divisional CommissionerMr. Shaukat Ali???District Coordination OfficerMr. Azmat MehmoodArea???Total10,302?km2(3,978?sq?mi)Population?(1998)???Total6,271,247?Combined population of all Districts of SargodhaTime zonePST?(UTC+5)Postal code40100Dialling code048Sargodha Division?is an administrative division of four districts of the?Punjab Province?of?PakistanBefore October 2008, divisional system was abolished by the reforms of 2000 the third tier of government. Sargodha Division has four districts including?Sargodha District,?Khushab District,?Mianwali District,?Bhakkar District. Sargodha is the Divisional Headquarter.See also[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: See also" edit source?|?editbeta]Sargodha DistrictKhushab DistrictMianwali DistrictBhakkar DistrictJhang DistrictSargodha DistrictFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia???? ???????districtSargodha DistrictLocation of Sargodha district in West PunjabCountryPakistanProvincePunjabCapitalSargodhaGovernment???Commissioner Sargodha DivisionRai Ijaz Zaigham[citation needed]???District Coordination OfficerZulfiqar Ali Shah[citation needed]???District Police OfficerDr. Rizwan[citation needed]Area???Total5,864?km2(2,264?sq?mi)Population?(1998)???Total2,665,979Time zonePST?(UTC+5)Number of?Tehsils7Sargodha District?(Urdu:????? ????????), is a district of?Punjab,?Pakistan. The capital of the district is?Sargodha. It is an agricultural district,?wheat,?rice, and?sugarcane?being its main crops. The Sargodha district and region is also famous for?citrus?fruit; kino is a newly developed variety. The district has an area of 5,864?km2.[1]Contents??[hide]?1?Administration2?Language3?Demography4?Etymology5?History6?Media7?ReferencesAdministration[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Administration" edit source?|?editbeta]Sargodha District is administratively divided into Seven?Tehsils, which contain a total of 161?Union Councils, HYPERLINK "" \l "cite_note-2" [2]?population according to the 1998 census of Pakistan:[3]TehsilPopulationNo. of UnionsBhera100,000 (2012 estimate)Bhalwal820,00053Kot Momin420,00030Sahiwal236,00014Sargodha1,081,00062Shahpur274,00016Silanwali255,00016Language[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Language" edit source?|?editbeta]As per the 1998 census of Pakistan, the following are the demographics of the Sargodha district, by spoken language:Punjabi language: 94%?[4]Other: 6%Inhabitants of Sargodha District speak a great variety of?Punjabi?dialects: which areShapuri?(Main dialect of the district)Majhi?or standard (in cities)Puthohari?(Northern borders)Jhangvi?(southern borders)Other Languages include:Urdu?is mother tongue of few people but being national language is spoken and understood by most of the population.English?is also understood and spoken by the educated elite.Demography[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Demography" edit source?|?editbeta]The population of Sarghoda grew rapidly with the arrival of?Muslim?refugees from?northern India, fleeing from the religious violence that followed the?partition of India?and the independence ofPakistan?in 1947. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan the district had a population of 2,665,979 of which 27.96% lived in urban settlements.[5]?The predominant ethnic population in the Sargodha District is?Punjabi?with small communities of?Muhajirs?and?Pashtuns. The people of Sarghoda district are?Muslims, with an overwhelming Sunni majority.Etymology[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Etymology" edit source?|?editbeta]There are several theories as to the origins of the name. It may be derived from the Sanskrit "svargadhaama," meaning "heavenly abode." Others suggest that the name Sargodha is derived from that of a Hindu loca, Godha.Also it is believed that there was an old pond in the middle of the town where an old Hindu monk or?sadhu?(godha) used to live. The Hindi word for pond is "ser".[6]?Since the town had a modest population, people would refer the place as sergodha, the place where that famous Sadhu resided next to the pond.[7]?Saqib Maqbool GorayaHistory[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: History" edit source?|?editbeta]The Sargodha District was an agricultural region with forests during the?Indus Valley Civilization. The?Vedic period?is characterized by?Indo-Aryan?culture that invaded from?Central Asia?and settled in?Punjab region. The?Kambojas,?Daradas,?Kaikayas, Madras,?Pauravas,?Yaudheyas,?Malavas?and?Kurus?invaded, settled and ruled ancient?Punjab region. After overunning theAchaemenid Empire?in 331 BCE,?Alexander?marched into present-day?Punjab region?with an army of 50,000. The Sargodha was ruled by?Maurya Empire,?Indo-Greek kingdom,?Kushan Empire,?Gupta Empire,?White Huns,?Kushano-Hephthalites?and?Shahi?kingdoms.In 997 CE,?Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the?Ghaznavid dynasty?empire established by his father,?Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the?Shahis?in?Kabul?in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of?Punjab region. The?Delhi Sultanate?and later?Mughal Empire?ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly?Muslim?due to?missionary?Sufisaints whose?dargahs?dot the landscape of?Punjab region.Just over a century ago, there was a well owned by a Hindu named Goodha, the well was known as "Gool Khuuh" (round well), and travellers used it as a resting place. There is a market at the place where Gool Khuuh used to exist and a grand mosque above the market and it is known as "Goal Chowk", which is the center of downtown Sargodha today.[6][7]Sargodha was a small town at the beginning of the?British Empire?but, due to its geographical location, the British?Royal Air Force?built an?airport?there. It took on greater importance after the?independence?of?Pakistan?for the?Pakistan Air Force.?Shahpur, which is now a?tehsil?of Sargodha District, was the district at that time. Most parts of the tehsil?Sillanwali?and?Kirana Hills?region were part of?Jhang?district and were included later during the British Raj in the Sargodha district. The predominantly Muslim population supported?Muslim League?and?Pakistan Movement. After the?independence?of?Pakistan?in 1947, the minority?Hindus?and?Sikhs?migrated to?India?while the?Muslim?refugees from?India?settled in the Sargodha District.The?1965 war?with India on September 6, 1965 meant the city was a prime target for India, due to the city close proximity with the neighbouring rival. The citizens of Sargodha supported the?Pakistan Army?against the advancing of the?Indian Army?into Pakistan. In 1966, recognising this bravery, the?Government of Pakistan?awarded the city of Sargodha as well as?Sialkotand?Lahore?with the award of?Hilal-E-Istaqlal.The city also has a Pakistan Air Force base within its city. The?PAF Base Sargodha?now known as?PAF Base Mushaf, named after the late?Air Chief Marshal?Mushaf Ali Mir, a former Chief of Air Staff of the?Pakistan Air Force. The strategic location of the base has allowed the Air Force to carry out experimental work within the city. Until divisions were abolished as part of government reforms in 2000, Sargodha was divisional headquarters of?Sargodha Division. Sargodha division was composed of the following districts:Sargodha DistrictKhushab DistrictMianwali DistrictBhakkar DistrictMedia[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Media" edit source?|?editbeta]Radio Pakistan?Sargodha (FM Band),Club Road?Sargodha.FM Sunrise (96?MHz) Most popular, also plays Indian and western music, Aziz Bhatti Town SargodhaPakistan Television?Islamabad centre terrestrial transmissions at VHF and UHF band routed from?Sakesar?rebroadcast centre.Khushab DistrictFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article?needs additional citations for verification.?Please help?improve this article?by?adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be?challenged?and?removed.?(August 2012)Khushab District???? ??????DistrictMap of Punjab with Khushab District highlightedCountryPakistanProvincePunjabDistrict CapitalJauharabadTime zonePST?(UTC+5)Number of?Tehsils3Website District?(Urdu:????? ???????) is a rural tribal?district?located in?Punjab,?Pakistan, with its headquarters at?Jauharabad. It is named after the historical city of?Khushab. According to the 1998 census, the population was 905,711 with 24.76% living in urban areas.[1]?The district consists of three?tehsils,?Khushab,?Noorpur Thal?and?Quaidabad?and a Sub-Tehsil Naushehra?[2]?Khushab is home to the Heavy Water and Natural Uranium Research Reactor,[3]?a critical part of the Pakistan's Special Weapons Program, which has come under much heated scrutiny.[4]Contents??[hide]?1?Etymology2?Language3?History4?Nuclear installations5?Geography6?Administration6.1?Khushab tehsil6.2?Noorpur Thal tehsil6.3?Quaidabad tehsil7?References8?External linksEtymology[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Etymology" edit source?|?editbeta]This section?does not?cite?any?references or sources.?Please help improve this section by?adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and?removed.?(January 2012)Khushab is a combination of two?Persian?words:?khush?(Persian:?????) meaning sweet or tasty and?aab?(Persian:????) meaning water. A common belief is that the?Persians, from the west, first used the word?khush-aab?in admiration of the sweet and tasty water found in the historical city situated on the bank of?Jhelum River. With time the city started to be known asKhushab.Language[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Language" edit source?|?editbeta]Inhabitants of Khushab District speak a great variety of?Punjabi?[5]?dialects: which areShapuri?(Main dialect of the district)Majhi?or standard (in cities)Pothohari?(Northern Hilly Side),Thalochi?(southern areas near bhakar)Jandali?(western areas near Mianwali).Urdu?being national language is spoken and understood by most of the population.English?is also understood and spoken by the educated elite.History[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: History" edit source?|?editbeta]Khushab District was an agricultural region with forests during the?Indus Valley Civilization. The?Vedic period?is characterized by?Indo-Aryan?culture that invaded from?Central Asia?and settled in?Punjab region. The?Kambojas,?Daradas,?Kaikayas, Madras,?Pauravas,?Yaudheyas,?Malavas,?Saindhavas?and?Kurus?invaded, settled and ruled ancient?Punjab region. After overunning the?Achaemenid Empire?in 331 BCE,?Alexander?marched into present-day?Punjab region?with an army of 50,000. The Khushab was ruled by?Maurya Empire,?Indo-Greek kingdom,?Kushan Empire,?Gupta Empire,?White Huns,?Kushano-Hephthalites?and?Shahi?kingdoms.In 997 CE,?Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the?Ghaznavid dynasty?empire established by his father,?Sultan Sebuktegin. In 1005 he conquered the?Shahis?in?Kabul?in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of?Punjab region. The?Delhi Sultanate?and later?Mughal Empire?ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly?Muslim?due to?missionary?Sufisaints whose?dargahs?dot the landscape of?Punjab region. After the decline of the?Mughal Empire, the?Sikh?invaded and occupied Khushab District. The Muslims faced severe restrictions during the Sikh rule. During the period of?British rule, Khushab district increased in population and importance.The predominantly Muslim population supported?Muslim League?and?Pakistan Movement. After the?independence?of?Pakistan?in 1947, the minority?Hindus?and?Sikhs?migrated to?Indiawhile the?Muslim?refugees from?India?settled in the Khushab District.Nuclear installations[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Nuclear installations" edit source?|?editbeta]On March 21, 2000, the?Christian Science Monitor?published an article written by Alexander Colhoun, a high-resolution aerial satellite photo revealed a?nuclear reactor?and a missile base near the city of Khushab (32°1′12.62″N?72°12′27.02″E). These pictures had mixed views, one of the expression of power that could shackle or reshape diplomatic landscapes HYPERLINK "" \l "cite_note-6" [6]?of a region and another of the ethical question about the usage of satellite imagery in terms of privacy and national sovereignty of a nuclear-capable nation. The report was published at a time when American President?Bill Clinton?was due to visit India and sparked concerns worldwide. It was later clearly stated in the?Dawn?newspaper on June 14, 2000, that this particular nuclear reactor at Khushab and its reprocessing plant were generating between 8 to 10 kilograms of weapons-grade plutonium per year, dedicated for military use.Geography[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Geography" edit source?|?editbeta]Khushab is situated between the cities of?Sargodha?and?Mianwali, near the river?Jhelum. The district headquarters is located at?Jauharabad?(founded 1953, pop. 39,477).Khushab consists of agricultural lowland plains, lakes, and hills. Parts of the?Thal?desert touch the district, which has a breadth of over 70 miles (110?km) and is situated between theIndus?river and the?Jhelum?river. The district is rich in natural resources (salt and coal). Most people are associated with farming and agriculture. In the 1980s the district was classified as a tax-relief zone for new industries. This led to the establishment of many industries including cement, sugar, and textiles.There are three lakes (Ochali, Khabbaki and Sodhi Jay Wali) in the district. Garden Kanhatti Garden near Khabbaki village is located in the Soon valley area, which is the largest forest in Khushab district.?Katha Saghral?area is semi-hilly and mineral area, noted for its coal and salt mining. Khabikki Lake is a salt-water lake in the southern Salt Range area in Pakistan. The lake is one kilometre wide and two kilometres long. Khabikki is also the name of a neighbouring village. Sakaser is the highest mountain in the Salt Range area in Pothohar in Pakistan. It is 1522 metre / 4946 feet high. It is situated in Khushab District but it can be seen from adjoining districts of Mianwali and Chakwal. Ochali or Uchhali Lake is just below the Sakaser mountain, it is a salt-water lake in the southern Salt Range area in Pakistan. Sakaser (1522 metre / 4946 feet), the highest mountain in the Salt Range, looms over the lake. Due to its brackish water the lake is lifeless.Administration[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Administration" edit source?|?editbeta]The district is divided into three?tehsils,?Khushab,?Noorpur Thal, and?Quaidabad?and a Sub-Tehsil Naushehra,[2]?where the latter was created in March 2007.[7]?Previous to the creation of the Quaidabad tehsil, it contained a total of fifty-one Union Councils.[8]Khushab tehsil[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Khushab tehsil" edit source?|?editbeta]Khushab is subdivided into 32 Union Councils.: HYPERLINK "" \l "cite_note-Quaidabad-7" [7][8]AngahBotalaChak No.50/MbChak No.59/MbDaiwalGiroteHadaliHadali-IiHassanpur TiwanaJabbi ShareefJauharabad-IJauharabad-IiKatha SaghralKhabakiKhuraKhushab-IKhushab-IiKhushab-IvKhushab-VKhushb-IiiKufriKundMitha TiwanaNali ShumaliNariNaushehraPadhrarRodaSandralTilokarUchaliWaheerNoorpur Thal tehsil[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Noorpur Thal tehsil" edit source?|?editbeta]Noorpur Thal is subdivided into 10 Union Councils.[8]Adhi KotJamali NoorpurJaura KalanJharkalKhai KhurdKhatwanNoorpurPelowainceRahdariRangpurQuaidabad tehsil[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Quaidabad tehsil" edit source?|?editbeta]Quaidabad is subdivided into 9 Union Councils.[7]Bandial JanubiBijarChak No.14/MbGoleywaliGunjial JanubiOkhali MohlahQuaidabadUtra JanubiWarchaMianwali DistrictFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article?needs additional citations for verification.?Please help?improve this article?by?adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be?challenged?and?removed.?(June 2009)???? ?????????DistrictMianwali DistrictMap of?Punjab?with Mianwali District??????????highlightedLocation of Mianwali within Punjab.CountryPakistanProvincePunjabCapitalMianwaliGovernment???District Coordination OfficerZulfiqar AhmedArea???Total5,840?km2(2,250?sq?mi)Population?(2010-11)???Total14oooo0Time zonePST?(UTC+5)Number of?tehsils3Thal CanalMianwali District?(Urdu:????? ??????????), (Pashto,Punjabi:???? ????????), is a?district?in the northwest of?Punjab province,?Pakistan. It is capital is?Mianwali?city. Mianwali is historically known for two prominent migrant clans namely?Niazis?(Pashtuns) and?Awan (tribe). Over the years some Baloch made Mianwali their home and Awans.The Niazi Tribe dominates the politics of the district. This region is known for the very Peculiar Punjabi dielects that are four in number. The most prominent are Shahpuri and Doabi Dielects associated with Salt range and?Soon Valley?regions.Contents??[hide]?1?Administration2?Language3?Demographics4?Geography5?Education6?Weather7?History7.1?Mughal era, rule of Ghakkars and invasion of Nadir Shah7.2?Sikh era and British Raj7.3?Modern history8?Tribes and clans9?Immigration9.1?Niazi immigration9.2?Immigration of Awans9.3?Jat and Balouch immigration10?Notable personalities11?Places of interest12?See also13?References14?Further reading15?External linksAdministration[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Administration" edit source?|?editbeta]The district is administratively divided into three?tehsils?and 56?union councils: HYPERLINK "" \l "cite_note-1" [1]Name of tehsilNo. of union councilsIsakhel14Mianwali28Piplan14Total56Grave of Lt. Col. A J O'Brien, 1st Deputy Commissioner of Mianwali district, at Brompton Cemetery, LondonDeputy commissioners served as the head of the district until 2004. The first deputy commissioner was Captain?A. J. O'Brien?and the first district judge was Sardar Balwant Singh. The system continued even after the creation of Pakistan as a sovereign nation. It was not until the year 2000 that the new local government system was introduced and three basic changes were implemented:Divisions which used to be the third tier of the government were abolished and more autonomy was given to the districts with the aim of decentralization of power.With this new status of the districts,?nazims?were to become the administrators of the districts, with more authoritative powers.The post of D.C. was abolished with the aim of putting an end to bureaucratic rule; however, the bureaucracy was offered an olive branch by creating the new post of District Coordinating Officer. The nazim remained the main elected representative and administrator while the D.C.O.s served as representatives of the government.It borders eight district:?Attock District?in the north,?Chakwal District?in the northeast,?Khushab District?in the east, and?Bhakkar District?in the south, while?Lakki Marwat?lies to the west,?Kohat?and?Karak?districts to the northwest and?Dera Ismail Khan District?to the southwest.In November 1901, the?Khyber Pakhtunkhwa?was carved out of Punjab and the present-day towns of Mianwali, Isa Khel, Kalabagh, and Kundian were separated from Bannu District (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa); hence a new district was made with the headquarters in Mianwali city and placed in Punjab province.Language[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Language" edit source?|?editbeta]Dialects of PunjabiAs per the 1998 census of Pakistan, the following are the demographics of the Mianwali district, by spoken language:Punjabi: 74.2%Saraiki: 12%Pashto: 10%Others: 6%Though Mianwali is claimed an integral part of Seraiki speaking belt by the Seraiki language activists but Punjabi-Seraiki division seems to hold little influence on common people in this district.?Awan (tribe)s,?Jats,?Ghakkars?with various subclans living in Mianwali and Khushab always associate themselves with?Punjabi identity. According to 1998 census three fourth (74.2 percent) of the population named their spoken language as Punjabi while only 12 per cent answered that they speak Seraiki.[2]Inhabitants of Mianwali district speak a great variety of?Punjabi?dialects.Jandali/Rohi?(Central parts of the district)Awankari?(Northern parts)Shapuri?(Easteren parts)Thalochi?(Southern parts in desert areas)Majhi?or standard (Sizeable population in cities)Other Languages include:Pashto?which is also spoken by sizeable population in the KPK province border areas and in the cities. Khattak tribes, Chapri, Bhangi Khel, Sultan Khel, Makarwal and Bani Afghan are bilingual and Pashto is their primary language but they can easily communicate in Punjabi as well.Urdu?is mother tongue of few people but being national language is spoken and understood by the sizeable population.English?is also understood and spoken by few, mainly educated elite.Demographics[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Demographics" edit source?|?editbeta]According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the district had a population of 1,056,620, HYPERLINK "" \l "cite_note-3" [3]?out of which 20.39%[4]?(i.e., 85,000 inhabitants) lived in the district capital Mianwali. The Niazi (Pathan) tribe is the most dominant tribe of this district, with an estimated 40 percent of the total population. The Niazi tribe exists in all parts of the district but most notably live in Mianwali City, Shahbaz Khel, Naiku khaillanwala, Kamar mashani, Musa Khel, Sohrabwala, GuddiKhelan Wala, Mochh, Sawans and Isakhel. Another tribe known as the Jats live mostly in Ding Khola, Uttra kalan, New Ding Sharif, Saeed Abad, Hashim Naggar/Lal Wala (Saifun Pull), KhanQah Sirrajia, Bakharra/Kacha Kalo, Kacha Paar, Khita-e-Atlas, Kacha Gujrat, Kacha Shahnawaz Wala, Phaati, Hurnoli, Alluwali, Duaba, Jaal Janub/Shumali, Piplan, Wan Bahhchran, Wichveen Bala,?Kundian, Moosa Khel and Shadia. Awan tribe is predominant in pakhar or salt range.Geography[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Geography" edit source?|?editbeta]Nawab of KalabaghMalik Amir Muhammad Khan(1910–1967), ex-Governor?West PakistanMianwali district covers an area of 5,840 square kilometres. The area in north is a continuation of the?Pothohar Plateau?and the?Kohistan-e-Namak. The district consists of various towns, including?Kalabagh,?Isa Khel,?Kundian,?Paikhel,?Piplan,?Kamar Mushani,?Mochh,?Swans,?Rokhri,?Harnauli,?Musa Khel,?Alluwali,?Wan Bhachran,?Daud Khel,?Uttra Kalan?and the district capital,?Mianwali?city.Mianwali?city is the capital of Mianwali district. It is the district's largest city, with a population of about 85,000 people. It is also the economic and commercial hub of the district.Kundian?is the second largest town, at a distance of 15?km from the city of Mianwali. Important sites such as Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (Chashnupp), Chashma Barrage, Kundian-Jehlum or Chashma-Jehlum Link Canal are located here.Piplan?is another important town and tehsil headquarters located in the southern part of the district.Kalabagh?is famous for the?Kalabagh Dam, the?Nawab of Kalabagh, the red hills of the salt range, and scenic views of the?Indus River.Isa Khel?is another important town and tehsil headquarters located in the west of Mianwali. It is a historical town named after?Isa Khan, a famous?Niazi?chief. It is also the home town of famous folk singer?Attaullah Khan Essa KhailwiKamar Mushani?is famous for its trade and minerals.Tabbi Sar?is another important town and the headquarters of Bangi Khel Tribe located in the northern part of the district. Missar wala is the main village of Tabbi sar. Missar Wala is located from Tabbi sar south side.HERNOLI?is a very famous town located south part of district. Known for production on peanut and grams. The judicial complexes of Piplan and Danish school system are prominent features of Hernoli.Uttra kalan?is famous for his Agriculture area's people's are educated & civilized.Education[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Education" edit source?|?editbeta]Mianwali district has several educational institutions from elementary up to post-graduate level, affiliated with the?University of the Punjab. A private Engineering College named as NAMAL College is affiliated with?University of Bradford. There are numerous other private schools and colleges in the district. Recently the University of Sargodha opened a sub-campus in Mianwali.Weather[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Weather" edit source?|?editbeta]Mianwali district has an extreme climate, with a long, hot summer season and cold, dry winters. Summer lasts from May to September and winter lasts from November till February. June is the hottest month with average temperatures of 42 °C (highest recorded temperature 52 °C); in winter, December and January monthly average temperatures can be as low as 3 to 4 °C. The average rainfall in the district is about 385?mm.MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYearAvg high °C19212633384239373733282131Avg low temperature °C3612172227272623169416Rainfall in. (cm)1.62.14.12.41.91.87.6114.50.70.10.938.5Source:?WeatherbaseHistory[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: History" edit source?|?editbeta]Mianwali District was agricultural region with forests during the?Indus Valley Civilization. The?Vedic period?is characterized by?Indo-Aryan?culture that invaded from?Central Asia?and settled in?Punjab region. The?Kambojas,?Daradas,?Kaikayas, Madras,?Pauravas,?Yaudheyas,?Malavas?and?Kurus?invaded, settled and ruled ancient?Punjab region. After overunning theAchaemenid Empire?in 331 BCE,?Alexander?marched into present-day?Punjab region?with an army of 50,000. The Mianwali was ruled by?Maurya Empire,?Indo-Greek kingdom,?Kushan Empire,?Gupta Empire,?White Huns,?Kushano-Hephthalites?and?Shahi?kingdoms.In 997 CE,?Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the?Ghaznavid dynasty?empire established by his father,?Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the?Shahis?in?Kabul?in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of?Punjab region. The?Delhi Sultanate?and later?Mughal Empire?ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly?Muslim?due to?missionary?Sufisaints whose?dargahs?dot the landscape of?Punjab region.Syed Mian Ali Sahib migrated from Bhagdad[IRAQ],who was a great spiritual saint laid the foundations of Mianwali. In those days it was called "Mian Ali Wali", which later was converted to Mianwali. After him, his son HAZRAT SYED SULTAN MUHAMMAD ZIKRIA remained the holly leader and saint of the PATHAN Tribes and Other Tribes of the area for a long period and settled all the disputes among the tribes successfully. He is known as SAHIB E KARAMAT wallee. His descendants are still respectable and have political influence in the area too.Mughal era, rule of Ghakkars and invasion of Nadir Shah[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Mughal era, rule of Ghakkars and invasion of Nadir Shah" edit source?|?editbeta]Historically, all major rulers of South Asia governed this area in their turn.?Mughal?emperor?Babur?mentioned Isa Khel while he was fighting against the?Pakhtuns?as part of his campaign to conquer the?Punjab?during the 1520s (ref.?Baburnama). Prior to the invasion of Nadir Shah in 1738, there is little to relate concerning the history of the northern part of the district. The upper half of the district was ruled by the Ghakkars, who became feudatories of the Mughal Empire, of which the district continued to form a part until the invasion of Nadir Shah. In 1738 a portion of his army entered Bannu, and by its atrocities so cowed the Bannuchis and Marwats that a heavy tribute was raised from them. Another portion of the army crossed the?Darra Pezu?and worked its way down to Dera Ismail Khan. Contingents raised from the neighbourhoods of Bannu and Dera Ismail Khan marched under Nadir Shah's banner to the sack of Delhi. In 1739 the area west of the Indus was surrendered by the Emperor of Delhi to Nadir Shah, and passed after his death to Ahmad Shah Abdali.In 1748 a Durrani army under one of Ahmad Shah's generals crossed the Indus at Kalabagh, and drove out the Ghakkars, who still ruled in the cis-Indus tracts of the district, owing nominal allegiance to the Emperor at Delhi. Their stronghold, Muazzam Nagar, was razed to the ground, and with their expulsion was swept away the last vestige of authority of the Mughal Emperor in these parts. The armies of Ahmad Shah marched repeatedly through the district, the cis-Indus portion of which was, with the rest of the Punjab, incorporated in the Durrani Kingdom in 1756, and for the next sixty years a precarious hold was maintained on their eastern provinces, including this district, by Ahmad Shah and his successors to the throne of the newly created Kingdom of Kabul. Source: HYPERLINK "" [1]Sikh era and British Raj[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Sikh era and British Raj" edit source?|?editbeta]After the decline of the?Mughal Empire, the?Sikh?invaded and occupied Mianwali District. The Muslims faced severe restrictions during the Sikh rule. During the period of?British rule, Mianwali district increased in population and importance.During?British rule, the area was subdivided into province, divisions and districts.?divisions?remained the third tier of government until 2000). The British had made the towns of Mianwali andIsa Khel?tehsil headquarters of?Bannu District?then part of?Dera Ismail Khan Division?of?Punjab province.Modern history[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Modern history" edit source?|?editbeta]The current district of Mianwali was created in November 1901, when the?North West Frontier Province?was carved out of Punjab and the towns of Mianwali,?Isa Khel,?Kalabagh, andKundian?were separated from?Bannu District. A new district, named Mianwali district, was created with its headquarters in Mianwali city and placed in Punjab, and it became a part ofMultan Division. Mianwali originally contained four?tehsils: Mianwali,?Isa Khel,?Bhakkar, and?Layyah. In 1909 Layyah was transferred to?Muzaffargarh District. The district became a part ofSargodha Division?in 1961. In 1982?Bhakkar Tehsil?was removed from Mianwali and became a separate district of?Sargodha Division.The predominantly Muslim population supported?Muslim League?and?Pakistan Movement. After the?independence?of?Pakistan?in 1947, the minority?Hindus?and?Sikhs?migrated to?Indiawhile the?Muslim?refugees from?India?settled in the Mianwali District.Tribes and clans[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Tribes and clans" edit source?|?editbeta]The populations of the district are split into four main groups: the predominant?Niazi?and?Awan(Pakistan)?tribes who are mainly present in riverain?Mianwali Tehsil?and?Isakhel Tehsil, the main?niazi?tribes are Mushani bori khail isa khail moasa khail shahbaz khail panu khail and pai khail.?Awans?who are dominant mainly in the?Salt Range?and?Kalabagh?in?Isakhel Tehsil. The Thal desert portion is held by?Jat?-?Baluch?-?kundi?and sumbal tribes. The city of?Mianwali?and town of?Wan Bhachran?is also home to the?Miana-Qureshi - Makhdooms-?Bhachar?-Janjua?and Ghanjera tribes respectively. The district also has descendants of refugees from East Punjab and?Haryana?in?India, who settled here after partition.There Are Many Jat Tribes Are Living In Mianwali District (Ding Khola Talokar) (New Ding Sharif, Saeed Abad (Sharqi and Gharbi), Lal Khelan wala, Zaman Kelan wala, Hashim Naggar, Tahir Abad, Uttra kalan, Shahbaz Khelanwala and Khanqah Sirrajia. The Famous Jat Tribes Are, Lato Khel (A Well Known Person From This Family Is 'Malik Muhammad Saeed Jat Lato Khel Talokar?chadhars', A Well Known Campanion of Maulana Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi And A Leader Of JUP And He Was An Active Partner Of Maulana Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi), Shahbaz Khel, Baqir Khel, Yaroo Khel, Shadoo Khel, Masti Khel, Fojay Khel, Bakhshy Khel, Mehar Khel, Jewaye Khel, Jamal Khel, Dost Khel, Jalal Khel, Sahalat Khel, Sher Khel, Niaz Khel, Wareyam Khel, Uttra jats, Mekan jats, Seal, and many moreImmigration[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Immigration" edit source?|?editbeta]The district has been settled by triple immigration from opposite directions:?Niazis?from the northwest of Pakistan,?Awans?from the northeast, and?Jats?and?Balochs?up the valley of theIndus?from the south.Niazi immigration[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Niazi immigration" edit source?|?editbeta]Imran Khan Niazi, retired cricketer turned Politician, Chairman PTIThe?Niazis, who some hundred and fifty years later spread from Tank over the plain that was sparsely inhabited by pastoral?Jats. The Niazi arrived into Marwat at first and occupied the hills of?Salghar, until a feud with the Ghilzais compelled them to migrate elsewhere. Marching southeast, they found a temporary resting place in Tank. There the Niazais lived for several generations, occupying themselves as traders and carriers, as do their kinsmen the Lohani Pawindahs in the present day. Towards the end of the fifteenth century, numbers spread north into the plain, and squatted there as graziers and cultivators, on the banks of the Kurram and Gambila. There they lived in peace for about fifty years, when the Marwat Lohanis, a younger branch of the Lodi group, swarmed into the region after them, and drove them across the Kurram at Tang Darra, in the valley beyond which they found a final home. The most important sections of the expelled Niazais were the Isakhel, Mushanis and a portion of the Sarhangs. The first took root in the south of the new area and shortly developed into agriculturists?; the second settled further to the north at Kamar Mushani, and seem for a time to have led a pastoral life. Some Sarhangs took up their abode at Sultan Khel, while others, after drifting permanently established themselves cis-Indus on the destruction of the Ghakkar stronghold of Muazzam Nagar in 1748 by Niazis. The Niazis after a victorious war, drove out baluch and jatts, the remainders stayed behind as their subjects, with this the long connection of the Ghakkars with Mianwali was terminated. The remains of Muazzam Nagar, their local capital, were visible on the left high bank of the Indus about six miles south of Mianwali, until the site was eroded by the river about the year 1870.Immigration of Awans[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Immigration of Awans" edit source?|?editbeta]Watercolour of an Awan sepoy, painted by Major A.C. Lovett, circa the early 20th centuryIn Mianwali, Awans are mostly known as Maliks. Awan are Syed and relate them to the Qutab Shah descended from the lin of Hazarat Ali, who had Arab ancestry thus giving a proof to their Arab origin. The?Awans?now occupy part of the district which lies east of the?Dhak Spur?of the?Salt Range?and is known as?Khudri,?Pakhar, or?Awankari. "Men of Mianwali mostly know the name Pakhar; but residents of the Kacha and Isakhel generally speak of the tract and parts beyond as utrad. i.e., the high country.". HYPERLINK "" \l "cite_note-5" [5]"DHAROEE" family lying in the alluwali village are also from awan family and known as a warrior family.The Awans were among those who formed an important part of the British Indian army, serving with distinction during World Wars I and II. Along with Rajputs, Awans occupy the highest ranks of the Pakistani army.Jat and Balouch immigration[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Jat and Balouch immigration" edit source?|?editbeta]Before the fifteenth century, the lower parts of the district were probably occupied by a few scattered tribes of Jats, depending on their cattleship. After these came the?Balochis. They also came from the south direction. It is probable that the Jat immigration continued for sometime after the?Balochis?first came into this area. However it may have been, all the?Kachha, immediately adjoining the?Thal?bank, seems to have been parcelled off to Jat families. Each block was accompanied with a long strip of Thal to the back. These estates are the origin of the present mauzas as far north as?Kundian?in the Mianwali Tehsil. They are almost all held by Jats except few which are occupied by Sumbals and The?Kundi?tribe. Both of the tribes have afghan ancestry. Here and there, shares are held by?Balochis, but these have mostly been acquired in later times by purchase. In the same way the unoccupied lands towards the river were divided off into blocks, and formed into separate estates; and sometimes; where the hads first, formed had too much waste land, new hads were formed in later times by separating off outlying portions of the old estates. This division into hads extended right up to?Kundian. In course of time, as theBalochis?settled down in the area, individuals acquired plots of land for wells, but generally in subordination to the had proprietors or lords of manors. Here and there a small clan settled down together, but this was the exception.?Balochis?are still numerous all through the southern part of the?Kachha, up to?Darya Khan; but though they were originally the ruling race, still, as regards proprietary rights in the land they hold a position inferior to that of the Jats and Sayyals, by whom the superior proprietorship of hads is generally held. North of Darya Khan there are very few?Balochis. In Thal, the population is almost entirely Jat. A few families of Balouch Pashtuns came across the Indus River from the Paniala Hills. Of these, one became dominant at Piplan, while the others moved on into the Thal and took up their abode eventually in and around Jandanwala.Notable personalities[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Notable personalities" edit source?|?editbeta]Tilok Chand Mehroom?- He was a famous Urdu poet of India.Jagannath Azad?- He was a famous Urdu-Speaking poet of Hindu academic. He was son of famous Urdu poet?Tilok Chand MehroomKhawaja Khurshid Anwar?- He was a filmmaker, writer, director and music composer.Amir Mohammad Khan?-?Nawab of Kalabagh?and Ex-Governor of?West PakistanImran Khan?- The former captain of?Pakistan cricket team?who won?1992 Cricket World Cup?and Chairman of?Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf?and Chancellor of?Bradford University. He also involved Social work he had founded the?Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre. Pakistan Government awarded with?Pride of Performance?and?Hilal-i-ImtiazNaheed Niazi?- She is a?Pakistani?Playback SingerAttaullah Khan Essa Khailwi?- He is a?Pride of Performance?award winning musician. He has the world record on?Guinness World Records?for the highest number of audio albums (over 400 albums) ever released by a singer.Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi?- He was a religious and political leader of?Pakistan(Malik Hayatullah)-Professor Degree College Mianwali-Social Worker)Misbah-ul-Haq?- Pakistani CricketerTariq Niazi?- Olympian Gold Medalist in?Field and TrackSher Afgan Niazi?- The Ex-Minister of Law?and?Member of ParliamentAmir Abdullah Khan Rokhri?- He was a politician and was involved in the Pakistan Movement. He was also known as "Khan Sahab", a title given by the?British?to him and to his fatherSardar Muhammad Ali Khan Lasharie - A renowned Architect, a notable poet and literary figure, a senior university faculty member and a social worker.Places of interest[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Places of interest" edit source?|?editbeta]A view of?Namal Lake?in Mianwali Salt rangeRuins of centuries-old?Hindu?temples in the?Salt Range?near Mari Indus (theIndus River?can be seen traversing the hills)"Days of Yore" PR ZE. class 230 en route to Lakki Marwat from Mari Indus in frosty winter morning circa 1987. (Mianwali was the only district in Punjab with about 80?km of?narrow gaugesection, which was closed in 1992.)Kalabagh Dam?is located about 40?km north of Mianwali city. The proposed dam site is located between beautiful mountains narrowing down on the River Indus at an ancient town known as Kalabagh.Chahshma Barrage and Lake is located south of Mianwali city and is a beautiful lake.Jinnah BarrageNamal Lake: Namal or (Nammal) lake is a place of interest located at the foot of Namal mountain near Chakrala. It is a beautiful scenic place frequented by hikers and holiday-makers. In 2008,?Namal College?was established by Namal Lake at the base of the?Salt Range.Thal Desert: It is a large area which is mostly desert and semi-arid. It is located between the Jhelum and Indus river (The Sindh-Saagar Doab). The boundaries of the old district established in 1901 included almost 70% of this great area, but after the separation of Layyah and then Bhakkar Tehsils, only about 20% remains in this district. First deputy commissioner A J O'Brien wrote in his memoirs: "In 1901 the District of Mianwali was formed out of the two Punjab halves of two older districts, and I had the good fortune to be put in charge. It was a lonely District with, as my Assistant Mr. Bolster called it, 'three white men in a wilderness of sand'."[6]River IndusKalabagh Old TownRuins at Mari Indus and Mari City: At?Mari?in the Mianwali Tehsil, there is a picturesque?Hindu?ruin, crowning the gypsum hill, locally calledManiot?(from?Manikot, meaning?fort of jewels), on which?the Kalabagh diamonds?are found. The ruins themselves must once have been extensive. It appears that the very top of the hill was built over with a large palace or fort.Architectural objects and remains: In the southern part of the district the general absence of antiquarian remains tends to prove that it can never have been the site of a rich and populous government. In the?Kachhi?tract, of course, such remains could not survive the action of river floods, and this tract must, at one time, have been much wider than it is now. The Thal, however, is admirably suited for the preservation of antiquarian relics, had any such ever existed, but there are none that date from earlier than the fourteenth century.Ruins of Sirkapp Fort: Overlooking the village site of?Namal?in the?Khudri?is a ridge of great natural strength, cut off on three sides by hill torrents. On the top of this ridge there are extensive ruins of what is said to have been the stronghold of?Sirkapp, Raja of the country, who was a contemporary of Raja Risalu of?Sialkot, by whom he was vanquished. The outer wall of the fort still exists in part in a dilapidated condition, but the enclosure, which must once have contained accommodation for a fairly large garrison, is now one mass of fallen houses and piles of hewn or chiselled stones. The series of lifts, made for carrying water from the bed of the stream to the top of the hill, have left their marks.Other antiquities: The above, together with two sentry-box like buildings, supposed to be dolmens, midway between?Namal?and?Sakesar, and several massive looking tombs, constructed of large blocks of dressed stones in the Salt Range, comprise all the antiquities above ground in the district. No doubt many remain concealed beneath the surface. The encroachments of the Indus and even of the?Kurram?near?Isakhel?often expose portions of ancient masonry arches and wells. The only other antiquity worth mentioning is a monster baoli at Wanbhachran, said to have been built by order of?Sher Shah Suri. It is well preserved and similar to those in?Shahpur District.See also[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: See also" edit source?|?editbeta]Mianwali Development TrustMianwaliBhakkar DistrictFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaBhakkar District???? ?????DistrictLocation of Bhakkar District(highlighted in orange) within Punjab.CountryPakistanProvincePunjabCapitalBhakkarGovernment???District Coordination OfficerKhalid SaleemiArea???Total8,114.?km2?(3,133?sq?mi)Population?(1998)[1]???Total1,051,456Time zonePST?(UTC+5)Number ofTehsils4Website District?(Urdu:????? ??????), is a?District?in the?Punjab?province of?Pakistan. The district was created in 1981 with?Bhakkar?city (known as Bakhar in Thalochi dialect of Punjabi language as the capital. It is located between 31° 10' and 32° 22' N. and 70° 47' and 72° E. with an area of 3,134 square miles (8,120?km2), most of it lies in the desolate plain of the Thal, but the Kachhi or strip of riverine land along the Indus is of great fertility.[2]?Its area consists of riverine tract along the?Indus?called Kacha and the Thal historically called Chol-e-Jalali. Most of its area comprises greater Thal.Mankera in centre of The Great Thal is a place of great antiquity. The old fort here; a historical heritage, is a great?land mark?of Thal needs preservation. Another old place in the district is Kallurkot. Bhakkar is part of thal desert in western Punjab.Contents??[hide]?1?Administration2?Language3?Demography4?Towns5?History5.1?British rule6?Independence7?ReferencesAdministration[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Administration" edit source?|?editbeta]The district is administratively divided into four?Tehsils?and 42?Union Councils: HYPERLINK "" \l "cite_note-3" [3]Name of TehsilNo of UnionsBhakkar Tehsil17Darya Khan Tehsil8Kaloorkot Tehsil10Mankera Tehsil7Total42Khansar Union Council?is one of the major Union Councils in Bhakkar.?Mari Shah Sakhira?Union Council is very close to Bhakkar District boundaryLanguage[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Language" edit source?|?editbeta]Dialects of PunjabiFollowing are the demographics of the Bhakkar district, by spoken language:Punjab local people different dialects: 95%Other: 5%Inhabitants of Bhakar district speak a great variety of?Punjabi?dialects, although few of these dialects are called as a separate language “Saraiki”, but because of good and loving nature of people there is no distinction or hate among different dialects and have a mix culture of Great (East and West) Punjab.Thalochi?(Local Desert Punjabi dialect spoken by 60%)Majhi?(Standard Punjabi spoken by 30%, Specially spoken in newly cultivated and city areas)Jandali/Rohi?(Northern border area near Mianwali district)Shapuri?(North Eastern border area near Khushab district)Jhangvi?(South Eastern border area near Jhang district)Other Languages include:Urdu?is mother tongue of few people but being national language is spoken and understood by the sizeable population.English?is also understood and spoken by few, mainly educated elite.Pashto?which is spoken by minority population in the KPK province border areas and in the cities.Demography[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Demography" edit source?|?editbeta]Bhakkar city has a population of almost 300,000[citation needed], the total population of the district was estimated to be 1.37 million in 2008. population of the district was 1,391,729 in 2011[1]Towns[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Towns" edit source?|?editbeta]This section?does not?cite?any?references or sources.?Please help improve this section by?adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and?removed.?(January 2012)Home in ThalThe main towns of District Bhakkar are:Darya KhanMankeraDullewalaHaidarabadKaloorkotNotakMahniGauhar WalaBehalJahan KhanMaibal SharifHistory[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: History" edit source?|?editbeta]This section?does not?cite?any?references or sources.?Please help improve this section by?adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and?removed.?(January 2012)The town has some historical places like Dilkusha Bagh which is believed to be a?Mughal era?garden and is attached to?Humayun; but historical facts do not verify it. Humayun never came here. On his retreat to Iran, he went to another Bakhar in?Sindh?to seek help from Mahmood Khan.But this path or route taken was rejected by Major?Henry Raverty?as the possible retreat of?Humayun.The old town was walled and had gates as Tavela gate and Imamanwala gate. The only remaining gate Jinnah Gate (formerly King Gate) was built in British period in the name of Mr. King the then Deputy Commissioner. There are remains of a handera (tomb) near Sheikh Raoo bridge, which is believed to be burial place of Bakhar Khan, the founder of the city. The present police station was originally a Baloch fortress. Some 30 years ago a branch of River Indus flowed past the town. West side of the town was green and pleasant. This is a very scarce silver coin belonging to the reign of?Nadir Shah?1148-1160 AH (AD1735-1747) from the?Afsharid dynasty, it is an Indian type minted during his occupation of the area. It is listed by type as Album #2744.2 (Type D). It weighs 11.3 gr. (18?mm.) and minted in the city of Bhakkar in the state of Punjab in India, dated 1157AH.The main city center is consist of Mandi Town, King gate (markets and shopping centers), Chimni Muhalla (ancient area ever in Bhakkar city from past of the Hindus and Sikh residency), Iron Market, Gulshan-e-Madina Town, Officers Colony,Iqbal Town (old name Housing scheme 1) (Farrukh Hasan), Canal Avenue, new developed Green Town, Dhandla Muhalla, Gadola, and Aalam Abad. The adjacent city area Mandi Town is the developed area of the city with entire facilities. The population of city area mostly speak Saraiki, Urdu and Punjabi. The city is known for its quality of students as they ever get top positions in relevant boards and the trend of study is comparatively considerably higher than other areas of Punjab Province because of lacking industry and public sector employment.Their preference for study is Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi,Islamabad and Multan. The business in the city is major source of income for the population and mostly business activities are connected with Capital of Province, Lahore.British rule[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: British rule" edit source?|?editbeta]Thal?CanalDuring?British rule, the district was a tehsil of?Mianwali District, the population according to the 1891 census of India was 119,219 which had risen to 125,803 at the 1901 census. In addition to the headquarters Bhakkar (population, 5,312), the tehsil contained and 196 villages. The land revenue and?cesses?amounted in 1903-4 to Rs 1.7 lakhs. Places of interest are?Mankera?and?Muhammad Rajan, at the latter of which is the shrine of Pir Muhammad Rajan, who died there on a pilgrimage.[2]Independence[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Independence" edit source?|?editbeta]The predominantly Muslim population supported?Muslim League?and?Pakistan Movement. After the?independence?of?Pakistan?in 1947, the minority?Hindus?and?Sikhs?migrated to?India?while the?Muslim?refugees from?India?settled in the Bhakkar District.Jhang DistrictFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJhang DistrictDistrictMap of Punjab, with Jhang District shown in green.CountryPakistanProvincePunjabCapitalJhang cityEstablished1849Government???District Coordination OfficerMaqbool Ahmed Dhawla???District Police OfficerFaisal Ali RajaArea???Total8,809?km2(3,401?sq?mi)Population?(2006)[1]???Total3,353,000???Density321.8/km2(833/sq?mi)Time zonePST?(UTC+5a)Number of?Tehsils4Jhang?District?(Punjabi,?Urdu:???? ?????) is a?district?of the?Punjab?province of?Pakistan. The city of?Jhang?is the district's capital.[2]According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the district's population was 2.8?million, of which 23 percent lived in urban areas.[3]?By 2008, according to estimates, the population had risen to 3.5?million.[4]?The native language is?Punjabi, HYPERLINK "" \l "cite_note-5" [5]?though?Urdu?is also spoken in educational institutions.Contents??[hide]?1?Location and geography2?History3?Climate and flora4?engineer akhtar kawan5?Culture and religion6?Language7?Notable residents8?Tomb9?Education10?ReferencesLocation and geography[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Location and geography" edit source?|?editbeta]Jhang is one of the oldest districts on the subcontinent(being one of five districts established in Punjab in 1849), having being populated even around 2,000?BC, when it was known as Jhagi Sial. Jhang is bordered by?Sargodha District?to the north,?Gujranwala District?to the northeast,?Faisalabad District?and?Toba Tek Singh District?to the east,?Khanewal?and?Muzaffargarh District?to the south,?Leiah District?andBhakkar District?to the west, and?Khushab District?to the northwest.The district comprises on four administrative units (tehsils)?Jhang,?Athara Hazari,?Shorkot, and?Ahmad Pur Sial.[6]Jhang District covers 8,809?km?.[7]?Almost all the area is cultivatable land except in the north near?Rabwah?and?Chenab Nagar?where the land turns rocky as it approaches the?Kirana?hills. The western portion of the district holds the?Thal Desert, which starts in?Mari Shah Sakhira?and extends to banks of the?Jhelum River?far to the west in the districts of?Khushab?and?Bhakkar. There is also an area known as the?Sandal Bar?arising from Pabbarwala near the?Gujranwala?boundary. "Bar", in the local language, means a forested area where there are no resources for cultivation, like water. This area used to be forested and was unable to be cultivated before?British colonial rule, when a canal system was installed near the town of Lyallpur (now?Faisalabad), which is now the textile industry hub of Pakistan. Between the rivers Jhelum and Chenab is also a small area of Kirana bar, ending at?Ghoriwala?village. The area alongside the banks of rivers?Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum is called Hitthar (area in which flood water reaches), while the upland area between the bars and Hitthar is called Utar.History[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: History" edit source?|?editbeta]Jhang District was agricultural region with forests during the?Indus Valley Civilization. The?Vedic period?is characterized by?Indo-Aryan?culture that invaded from?Central Asia?and settled inPunjab region. The?Kambojas,?Daradas,?Kaikayas, Madras,?Pauravas,?Yaudheyas,?Malavas,?Saindhavas?and?Kurus?invaded, settled and ruled ancient?Punjab region. After overunning theAchaemenid Empire?in 331 BCE,?Alexander?marched into present-day?Punjab region?with an army of 50,000. The Okara was ruled by?Maurya Empire,?Indo-Greek kingdom,?Kushan Empire,?Gupta Empire,?White Huns,?Kushano-Hephthalites?and?Shahi?kingdoms.In 997 CE,?Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the?Ghaznavid dynasty?empire established by his father,?Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the?Shahis?in?Kabul?in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of?Punjab region. The?Delhi Sultanate?and later?Mughal Empire?ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly?Muslim?due to?missionary?Sufisaints whose?dargahs?dot the landscape of?Punjab region. After the decline of the?Mughal Empire, the?Sikh?invaded and occupied Jhang District. During the period of?British rule, Jhang district increased in population and importance.The predominantly Muslim population supported?Muslim League?and?Pakistan Movement. After the?independence?of?Pakistan?in 1947, the minority?Hindus?and?Sikhs?migrated to?Indiawhile the?Muslim?refugees from?India?settled in the Jhang District.Climate and flora[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Climate and flora" edit source?|?editbeta]This section is empty.?You can help by?adding to it.?(September 2013)engineer akhtar kawan[edit source?|?editbeta]The climate is hot and dry in the summer and cold and dry in winter. The surface of the district presents three distinct levels (Thal's sand dunes on the extreme west, a low lying river valley in the centre and the Sandal Bar on the extreme east). The rivers of Jhelum and Chanab make their way through the district and Trimmu Head-works is the point of their confluence. Mari Shah Sakhira, a big town in the Thal Desert, is the district's hottest area, sometimes exceeding 50 C in June and July.The district's trees consist of jand (Prosopis spicigera), karir (Capparis aphylla), beri (Zizyphus jujuba), van (Salvadora oleoides), kikar (Acacia nilotica), shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) and aak (Calotropois spp).[8]?Various herbs can also be found, including harmal, akrey and bathoo.Culture and religion[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Culture and religion" edit source?|?editbeta]Punjabi folk dances such as Jhummar and Sammi originated in Jhang District. Jhummar is a dance for men while Sammi is for women. The district also originated a well-known form of folk music known as "Dhola", or "Jhang da Dhola".Traditionally men wear?turbans?and?dhotis?(similar to a skirt or kilt) though in recent years people have started wearing the national dress, the?shalwar kameez. Some older women also wear dhotis. When women wear dhotis, the style is referred to called "Majhla" in?Jhangochi; th male style is called "Dhudder". However, it is more common for women to wear shalwar kameez.Street sports are important in Jhang District and include tent pegging (naiza baazi),?kabaddi, volleyball, cricket and football (soccer).In the past, women wove cloth with spinning wheels – known as Teeyan and Trinjan – but now that the area is industrialized the practice is no longer common.The northwestern Jhang District, particularly the area at the west bank of the Jhelum River, is somewhat different in its culture because it is more influenced by the Thalochi culture emanating from the neighboring districts of Mianwali and Bhakkar .Jhang District has dominant?Muslim?population(both?Shia?and?Sunni.The non-Muslim minorities include small number of?Ahmadiyya?and?Christian.Language[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Language" edit source?|?editbeta]The native language is?Punjabi, HYPERLINK "" \l "cite_note-9" [9]?though?Urdu?is also spoken in educational institutions.[10]Notable residents[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Notable residents" edit source?|?editbeta]Sultan Bahoo?(ca 1628 – 1691), saint, founder of the?Sarwari Qadiri?Sufi orderAbdus Salam, Nobel laureate in PhysicsAleem Dar, An award winner and a member of the ICC Elite umpire panelAbida Hussain, politician, former Federal Minister and Ambassador to USAFaisal Saleh Hayat, Politician, Former Federal MinisterSyed Ali Raza, President and Chairman of the?National Bank of PakistanTariq Saleem Dogar, former Inspector General of Police,?PunjabMuhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, Sufi scholar Sufi scholar and former professor of international constitutional law at the?University of the PunjabSheikh Waqas Akram, MNA Jhang; he was also a Minister of State for Labour and Manpower?Pakistan?He resigned from the ministry and MNAship because he left PML-Q and announced to join PML-N before general elections of 2013.Mariam Hasan, Played for Pakistan national women’s cricket teamMajeed Amjad,Tomb[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Tomb" edit source?|?editbeta]Jhang District is home to the tomb of the heroine of a famous love story,?Heer Ranjha. Heer's tomb lies just north of Jhang on the way to?Faisalabad. An annual fair is held at her tomb. Engineer Imran Ali Pithorana SialEducation[ HYPERLINK "" \o "Edit section: Education" edit source?|?editbeta]Govt. College, JhangFaran Model College, JhangChenab College, JhangLahore College for Women UniversityI-Soft College Of Commerce And Computer Sciences Jhang8Superior College, JhangCollege Of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub Campus- UVAS, Lahore.Arqam schools Jhang ................
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