Guided Reading Activities

Name __________________________________ Date ______________ Class _______________

18-1 Guided Reading

Activity

For use with textbook pages 519?525

Interpersonal Attraction

Directions: Filling in the Blanks Use your textbook to fill in the blanks using the words in the box.

complementarity ego-support experience mediators proximity

similar social Stanley Schachter stimulation support

test unattractive utility

Introduction The psychologists who study why we select certain people as friends are called 1 psychologists. They help us understand the reasons we like or do not like to be around certain other people.

Why You Need Friends

Psychologist 2

discovered that we like to have others

with us in high anxiety situations. Another reason we like to have someone with us is

to compare 3

and reduce 4

.

Friends give us 5

, serve as 6

if we have problems

with another person, and give us opportunity to 7

our ideas.

How You Choose Friends

There are several factors in choosing friends. One of the most important is

8

. Do we see him often? Even if he lives next door, a lasting friendship is not

likely to develop unless the other person provides three values: 9

(is she

interesting?), 10

(is he agreeable and helpful?), and 11

(does she give sympathy and encouragement?).

A person's physical appearance greatly influences others' impressions of him or her. We also tend

to choose friends who have 12

backgrounds, attitudes, and interests. A less com-

mon reason to choose a friend is 13

, which supposes that opposites can provide

what the other person lacks.

Copyright ? by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Guided Reading Activities

59

Name __________________________________ Date ______________ Class _______________

18-2 Guided Reading

Activity

Social Perception

For use with textbook pages 527?532 Directions: Recalling the Facts Use the information in your textbook to answer the questions.

1. Is the primacy effect a reliable means of forming an impression of someone else? _________________

2. Why are first impressions so important? ______________________________________________________

3. Why do we expect a lot from someone who seems to be intelligent? _____________________________

4. Why are we wary of someone who strikes us as aggressive? _____________________________________

5. What can we do to increase our likelihood of making a good first impression? ____________________

6. How can first impressions become a self-fulfilling prophecy?____________________________________

7. Why do we develop schemas? _______________________________________________________________

8. What role do stereotypes have in developing prejudice? ________________________________________

9. What is the difference in how we usually interpret our own behavior and others' behavior in terms of internal or external attribution? ___________________________________________________________

10. Name three common errors in interpreting others' behavior. ___________________________________

11. Why is communication so important in maintaining a relationship? _____________________________

12. Name three ways we communicate nonverbally. ______________________________________________

Copyright ? by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

60

Guided Reading Activities

Name __________________________________ Date ______________ Class _______________

18-3 Guided Reading

Activity

For use with textbook pages 533?540

Personal Relationships

Directions: Outlining Locate the heading in your textbook. Then use the information under the heading to help you write each answer.

I. Personal Relationships A. Parent-Child Relationships 1. What did Erik Erikson believe about the influence of parent-child relationships upon later adult relationships? ___________________________________________________________________

2. What are the sources of parent-adolescent conflict? ______________________________________

B. Love Relationships 1. How important is love as it relates to marriage in our culture? _____________________________

2. What are the two basic kinds of love? ___________________________________________________

3. What are Zick Rubin's three components of romantic love? ________________________________

Copyright ? by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4. What are the components of Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love?___________________ 5. What two principles tend to govern behavior leading to successful marriages?_______________

6. What is "separation shock"? ___________________________________________________________ 7. What can divorcing parents do to help their children adjust to the divorce? _________________

Guided Reading Activities

61

Name __________________________________ Date ______________ Class _______________

19-1 Guided Reading

Activity

Group Behavior

For use with textbook pages 545?554 Directions: Filling in the Blanks Use your textbook to fill in the blanks using the words in the box.

authoritarian commitment group groupthink ideology

interdependence leaders norms polarization primary

secondary social facilitation social inhibition

What Are Groups?

A 1

is a collection of people who interact, share common goals, and influence

how members think and act. 2

occurs when any action by one member affects or

influences other members.

How Groups Are Held Together

A group's 3

are the ways group members are expected to act. The group's

shared values are its 4

. A requirement to sacrifice for the group increases the

5

of its members.

Types of Groups A person's 6 A 7

group consists of the people with whom he interacts daily. group is a larger group of people that have a less personal relationship.

Social Facilitation Versus Social Inhibition Some of us, showing 8 group. Others, facing a crowd, perform worse due to 9

, do better in the presence of the .

Interactions Within Groups

When making decisions as a group, group 10

may occur when the

majority overwhelms those with different opinions. Another problem with decisions by groups is

11

, the tendency to stick together and fail to examine alternatives.

All groups have 12

. An 13

leader makes all the

decisions and assigns tasks.

62

Guided Reading Activities

Copyright ? by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Name __________________________________ Date ______________ Class _______________

19-2 Guided Reading

Activity

For use with textbook pages 555?562

Conformity and Obedience

Directions: Recalling the Facts Use the information in your textbook to answer the questions.

1. How difficult is it for an individual to disagree with a group when everyone else has decided upon a particular course of action? _________________________________________________________________

2. What was the purpose of Solomon Asch's experiment? _________________________________________

3. In Asch's experiment, what was the percentage of those who agreed with the group even though they knew the group was wrong?_____________________________________________________________

4. What difference does it make whether one person, or no one, agrees with the participant being tested for compliance?______________________________________________________________________

5. Why is the foot-in-the-door technique so effective? ____________________________________________

6. Name seven factors that increase conforming behavior. ________________________________________

7. Name two kinds of influence one person may have on someone else. ____________________________ 8. What was the purpose of Stanley Milgram's experiment?________________________________________ 9. What percentage of participants delivered the full range of shocks to the "learners" in Milgram's

experiment? _______________________________________________________________________________ 10. Describe the behavior of the "prison guards" during Philip Zimbardo's experiment.________________ 11. In what circumstances should people question whether to obey an authority figure? ______________

Copyright ? by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Guided Reading Activities

63

Name __________________________________ Date ______________ Class _______________

19-3 Guided Reading

Activity

For use with textbook pages 564?570

Conflict and Cooperation

Directions: Outlining Locate the heading in your textbook. Then use the information under the heading to help you write each answer.

I. Conflict and Cooperation A. Introduction 1. What set off the mob violence in Los Angeles in April 1992? _______________________________

B. Aggression 1. List four theories to explain aggression. _________________________________________________

Copyright ? by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. Which theory supports the idea that violence on television and in movies promotes aggression? C. Controlling Aggression

1. How does catharsis help patients control aggression? _____________________________________ 2. What steps can a parent take to reduce aggression in his child? ____________________________ D. Group Conflict Versus Cooperation 1. How did the experimenters create and then destroy the group spirit? _______________________ 2. How does a "social trap" counter the positive efforts of a group? ___________________________ E. Altruism 1. Why do people not come to the aid of a victim of a mugging?______________________________ 2. What is the bystander effect?___________________________________________________________ 3. What are the positive effects of deindividuation? _________________________________________

64

Guided Reading Activities

Name __________________________________ Date ______________ Class _______________

20-1 Guided Reading

Activity

Attitude Formation

For use with textbook pages 577?581

Directions: Outlining Locate the heading in your textbook. Then use the information under the heading to help you write each answer.

I. Attitude Formation A. Introduction 1. What influence can attitudes have on beliefs?____________________________________________

2. What are three main elements of an attitude? ____________________________________________

Copyright ? by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

B. Where Attitudes Come From 1. How does conditioning help form attitudes? _____________________________________________ 2. Why should we be cautious about using heuristics to form attitudes?_______________________ 3. What parts of our culture do not influence our attitudes?__________________________________ 4. What does the fact that two-thirds of voters favor the political party their parents supported indicate about parental influence on our attitudes?_______________________________________ 5. Why does parental influence upon our attitudes lessen as we get older? ____________________

C. Functions of Attitudes 1. What is the relationship between self-concept and attitudes? ______________________________ 2. How do attitudes affect our relationships with others? ____________________________________ 3. Which of our attitudes are most likely to influence our behavior? __________________________

Guided Reading Activities

65

Name __________________________________ Date ______________ Class _______________

20-2 Guided Reading

Activity

For use with textbook pages 582?588

Attitude Change and Prejudice

Directions: Filling in the Blanks Use your textbook to fill in the blanks using the words in the box.

cognitive dissonance compliance counterattitudinal behavior

discriminating identification internalized

prejudice stereotype

Attitude Change

Everyone likes a certain soccer team, and you go along rather than be different, thus showing

1

. During their off season the team makes appearances to benefit a local

homeless shelter. You've never been to that shelter, but since your team supports them, you volunteer to

put posters in nearby stores to promote a fundraiser the team has scheduled. Your 2

with the team's goals has moved you beyond mere compliance. Visiting the shelter, you decide to help

serve food one Saturday each month. Your changed attitudes demonstrate that you have

3

the team's values as your own.

Cognitive Consistency

Suppose you don't associate with the homeless, yet want to help the soccer team. This

4

caused by conflicting attitudes makes you uncomfortable.

Attitudes and Actions Privately, you don't like being around the homeless, but everybody else in the group seems to

enjoy what they are doing, so you go along. In doing so, you are demonstrating 5 .

Prejudice

You discover that one of the soccer team members refuses to work at the shelter, saying he has

no time for such nonsense. "Athletes are hypocrites anyway," you say, relying on an old

6

you have held since junior high. Will you feel this same 7

toward other athletes, or will you be able to inhibit your negative attitude? If not, you might find yourself

8

against all athletes because of your attitude toward them, even if you know

nothing about them as individuals.

Copyright ? by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

66

Guided Reading Activities

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