UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH RESULTS: STATISTICAL INFERENCE

[Pages:22]UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH RESULTS: STATISTICAL INFERENCE

A FEW TERMS

A FEW TERMS

SAMPLES AND POPULATIONS

9 Inferential statistics are necessary because 9The results of a given study are based on data obtained from a single sample of researcher participants and 9Data are not based on an entire population of scores

9 Allows conclusions on the basis of sample data

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

9 Allow researchers to make inferences about the true differences in populations of scores based on a sample of data from that population

9 Allows that the difference between sample means reflects random error rather than a real difference

NULL AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

9 Null Hypothesis 9H0: Population Means are Equal 9Any differences between groups are due to chance alone

9 Research Hypothesis 9H1: Population Means are Not Equal 9Any differences between groups are due to the IV

9 Statistical Significance: Unlikely to be due to chance alone

PROBABILITY AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS

9 Probability: The Case of ESP 9Are correct answers due to chance or due to something more?

9 Sampling Distributions 9Assumes Null is True 9Binomial Distributions

9 Sample Size

THE T TEST

9 t value is a ratio of two aspects of the data 9The difference between the group means and 9The variability within groups

between-groups difference t=

within-groups difference

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