Chapter 1
Chapter 5
Software Tools
5.2 Specification Methods
• Design requires a good notation to record and discuss alternate possibilities:
– The default language for specifications in any field is natural language, e.g., English
– Communication medium, e.g., sketchpad, or blackboard
• Natural-language specifications tend to be:
– lengthy
– vague
– ambiguous
• Therefore often are difficult to prove:
– correct
– consistent complete
• Backus-Naur Form (a.k.a. Backus Normal Form or BNF)
• high-level components are described as non-terminals
• specific strings are described as terminals
5.2.1 Grammars
Grammars Example
::=
::= ,
::=
::=
::= |
::= A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z
::= () -
::=
::=
::= ::= 0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9
• Examples of acceptable entries
- WASHINGTON, GEORGE (301) 555-1234
- BEEF, STU (726) 768-7878
- A, Z (999) 111-1111
• Multiparty grammars
::=
::= LOGIN
::=
::= HELLO [ ................
................
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