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Jaeliana OrtegaGary DavisMTH 3328 February 2019Does Smoking Affect the Birthweight of Infants?Abstract: This report consists of statistical facts about data that was collected on the birthweights of infants born to smoking and non-smoking mothers. The purpose of this analysis is to see if smoking has an effect on the birthweight of an infant. After calculating the mean, median, maximum, and minimum values of each mother’s infant, it is concluded that smoking does have an effect on the birthweight of infants. Smoking causes infants to be born weighing less than those who are born to non-smoking mothers. Thus, mothers should avoid smoking during their pregnancy. Introduction/Background: The most important thing to a new mother is giving birth to a healthy baby. Methods: In order to analyze this data, I loaded it into Jupyter Notebook which is a server that is used to code in Python. To begin, I read the data into a list split up by the space. Then, I created two separate series that would read every other element, so that I could split the data into the two columns: birthweight and smoker. I created a dictionary that took in the series and created headers for each column. Finally, I read the dictionary into a dataframe that would allow me to see the data in a table-like form. After some analyzation of the data, I decided to create two new dataframes: one with the smokers’ data, and one with the nonsmokers’ data. Then, I proceeded to convert them to numeric data types so that I could make calculations. I began by getting the averages of each data set, then generated the medians. I also calculated the maximum and minimum numbers for reference. Results: The results of the steps that I took to generate some statistics are as follows. The average birthweight of infants born to smokers is 114.11 oz and the median value is 115 oz. The average birthweight of infants born to nonsmokers is 123.04 oz. and the median value is 123 oz. The maximum birthweight of the smokers’ infants is 163 oz and the minimum is 58 oz. The maximum birthweight of the nonsmokers’ infants is 176 oz and the minimum is 55 oz. Discussion/Conclusions: In conclusion, the statistics confirm that the birthweight of infants to a smoker will be less than the infant that is born to a non-smoker. This is proven by the statistical methods of calculating the average (mean) and the median of two separate data sets: smokers versus non-smokers. However, the difference in birthweight is not as significant as I suspected it would be. There is a difference of 9 in the average, and a difference of 8 in the median. Also, the minimum numbers are the opposite: with the minimum of the non-smoker’s infant being less than the other infant. Even though these results show that there is not a significant difference in birthweight among the infants, it is still evident that the effect that it has can be costly. I would suggest the expecting mothers do not smoke cigarettes while being pregnant. This data set is a collection of smokers and non-smokers infants, but it does not show the number of infants that may have passed due to the effects that the mother smoking had on the infant’s development in the womb. ................
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