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Unless the sentence is a question or exclamation, it ends with this punctuation mark. This punctuation mark shows that the sentence is asking something. This punctuation mark is used to indicate “a sudden cry or remark expressing surprise, strong emotion, [laughter], or pain (definition from Oxford Dictionaries, · ? Oxford University Press)Use this punctuation mark to:? separate items in a list of three or more (an “item” may refer to a noun,action verb, verb phrase, or adjective phrase) ;? separate an introductory part from the rest of the sentence;? separate a dependent clause from the main clause;? write the town/ city, county, and country/ state of an address or the day of the week, the day of the month and the year of a date;? separate quotes from the rest of the sentence;? when addressing (talking to) someone in a sentence.This punctuation mark is placed before and after direct speech (when you write the actual words that the person has said.) This punctuation mark is used to: ? show that some letters have been taken out of a word/two words to shorten it or make a new shorter word; ? before an ‘s’ to show that something belongs to, or is connected with, something else. “... [This punctuation] can show an unfinished thought, a leading statement, a slight pause, an echoing voice, or a nervous or awkward silence” (definition adapted from .) They are often used in direct speech to imitate (copy) the way people tend to speak.“ [This punctuation] is used [at the beginning and end of] something that seems a bit out of place in the sentence—an aside, a clarification, or a commentary” (Mignon Fogarty, )When introducing a list, ‘this punctuation mark means “here’s what I mean,”’ ‘including’ () ‘such as’, ‘these are/were’, ‘which are/were’, This was/is, or ‘for instance’ etc. As also explains, the “here’s what I mean”/ “this is/was” rule can be used to “explain, illustrate, paraphrase, or expand on” what is said in the first part of the sentence (the part before this punctuation mark.) Full Stop Question Mark Exclamation Mark Comma Quotation/Speech Marks Apostrophes Ellipsis ( )Round brackets/ parenthesis :Colon Semicolon Use this punctuation mark to: * link two associated sentences together without using a conjunction:* separate items in a list of three or more that contain lengthy explanations/descriptions (which may also include commas). This helps the reader to separate the different items from one another, and understand which description/explanations belongs to each item. ................
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