Basic Antenna Theory
[Pages:126]ICTP-ITU-URSI School on Wireless Networking for Development The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ICTP, Trieste (Italy), 5 to 24 February 2007
Basic Antenna Theory
Ryszard Struzak
Note: These are preliminary notes, intended only for distribution among the participants. Beware of misprints!
Purpose
? to refresh basic physical concepts needed to understand better the operation and design of microwave antennas
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Outline
? Introduction ? Review of basic antenna types ? Radiation pattern, gain, polarization ? Equivalent circuit & radiation efficiency ? Smart antennas ? Some theory ? Summary
R Struzak
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Quiz
Transmitting antennas used to radiate RF energy, whereas
receiving antennas designed to capture RF energy
Somebody told that receiving antennas, radiate radio waves during the reception
Is it a true fact or a slip of the tongue?
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? It is true...
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Intended & unintended radiators
? Intended antennas
? To produce/ receive specified EM waves:
? Radiocommunication antennas; ? Measuring antennas; ? EM sensors, probes; ? EM applicators (Industrial, Medical,
Scientific)
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? Unintended antennas - active
? EM waves radiated as an unintended sideeffect:
? Any conductor/ installation with varying electrical current (e.g. electrical installation of vehicles)
? Any slot/ opening in the screen of a device/ cable carrying RF current
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? Unintended antennas - passive
? Any discontinuity in transmission medium (e.g. conducting structures/ installations) irradiated by EM waves
? Stationary (e.g. antenna masts or power line wires);
? Time-varying (e.g. windmill or helicopter propellers);
? Transient (e.g. aeroplanes, missiles)
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