BME: Ultrasonic Imaging (3 units), Spring, 2003



BME 535: Ultrasonic Imaging (3 units), 11 AM – 12:20 PM, M and W, Spring, 2017

Instructor: K. Kirk Shung, Professor of Biomedical Engineering

136 Denny Research Bldg. Tel: 821-2653

kkshung@usc.edu

Course goals

The goal of the course is to expose the students to the fundamental physical principles and instrumentation in ultrasonic imaging, Doppler flow measurements and Doppler imaging. Advantages and pitfalls of ultrasound relative to other competing imaging modalities will be addressed. Clinical applications will be stressed.

APPROXIMATE LECTURE SCHEDULE (Reading and homework assignments shown within parentheses)

Week 1: Fundamental physics (Chaps 1 and 2 of textbook)

Lecture 1: Wave concepts

Lecture 2: Strain-stress relationship

Lecture 3: Wave Equation

Week 2: Fundamental physics (Chap 2)

Lecture 1: Acoustic impedance, intensity

Lecture 2: Reflection and refraction, transmission

Lecture 3: Attenuation

Week 3: Fundamental physics (Chap 2)

Lecture 1: Absorption and scattering

Lecture 2: Doppler principle

Lecture 3: Non-linear effects

Week 4: Transducers/Arrays (Chap 3)

Lecture 1: Piezoelectricity

Lecture 2: Constitutive equations

Lecture 3: Constitutive equations

Week 5: Transducers/Arrays (Chap 3)

Lecture 1: Single element transducers

Lecture 2: Single element transducers and linear arrays

Lecture 3: Linear and multidimensional arrays (Homework Set #1 assigned)

Week 6: Instrumentation for Imaging (Chap 4)

Lecture 1: Conventional imaging methods: A, B, mode

Lecture 2: Conventional imaging methods: C, M mode

Lecture 3: beam forming, speckle, scan conversion, clinical applications (Homework Set #1 due; Mid-Term Take-Home Exam assigned)

Week 7: Instrumentation for Doppler (Chap 5)

Lecture 1: Doppler equation

Lecture 2: CW Doppler

Lecture 3: Pulsed Doppler (Mid-Term Take-Home Exam due); Week 8: Instrumentation for Color Doppler imaging (Chap 6)

Lecture 1: Color Doppler principle

Lecture 2: Autocorrelation

Lecture 3: Clinical applications (Field trip to Keck School of Medicine)

Week 9: Color power Doppler, time domain flow measurements, phase aberration (Chap 6)

Lecture 1: Color power Doppler

Lecture 2: Time domain flow measurements

Lecture 3: Phase aberration compensation (Homework Set #2 assigned)

Week 10: Contrast Media and imaging (Chap 7)

Lecture 1: Scattering by airbubbles

Lecture 2: Contrast agents

Lecture 3: Harmonic imaging

Week 11: New developments (Chap 6)

Lecture 1: Elastography

Lecture 2: Coded excitation imaging

Lecture 3: Acoustic Radiation Force Imaging (Homework Set #2 due)

Week 12: High frequency and intracavity imaging (Chap 8)

Lecture 1: Intracavity Imaigng

Lecture 2: High frequency Imaging

Lecture 3: High frequency Imaging

Week 13: New developments including multidimensional imaging (Chap 9)

Lecture 1: Multidimensional imaging

Lecture 2: 2D arrays and 4D imaging

Lecture 3: Miniature scanners

Week 14: Biological effects and safety (Chap 10)

Lecture 1: Thermal and mechanical bioeffects

Lecture 2: Thermal and mechanical indices

Lecture 3: Safety standards

Class Meetings

Two lectures a week, 75 minutes per class. Field trips will be made to tour Dr. Jesse Yen’s lab, clinical facility at USC medical School, and high frequency ultrasound imaging laboratory if possible.

Grading Policies

Homework (2 sets): 30%, Mid-term: 30%, Final: 40%

Each homework assignment will contribute towards 15% of the final grade. Both mid-term and final exams will be take-home tests consisting of problems that may involve literature search, computation, and complex mathematical derivations as well as analyses. Mid-term exam and final exam will be assigned at the end of weeks 6 and 14 respectively. Solutions to the mid-term exam are in general due one week following assignment unless specified otherwise. Solutions to the final take-home are due on the date and time of the final exam, as specified in USC Schedule of Classes web-site.

Reading Materials

Textbook:

KK Shung “Diagnostic Ultrasound: Imaging and Doppler Flow Measurements, 2nd edition” Francis & Taylor, CRC Press Boca Raton FL, 2015.

Recommended reading materials:

1) J.A. Zagzebski “Essentials of Ultrasound Physics” Mosby, St. Loius, 1996.

2) G. Kino “Acoustic Devices” Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1987.

3) T. Szabo “Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging: Inside Out: 2nd Edition” Elsevier Academic Press, Amesterdam, 2014.

4) R.S.C. Cobbold “Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound” Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2007.

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