Appendix 1



Appendix 1.

Table 1. Characteristics of included studies of current PWID in Europe 2001-2010 in countries with high-prevalence HIV epidemics among PWID

Country |Estonia |Russia |Russia |Russia |Russia |Latvia |Netherlands |Portugal |Poland |Spain (Catalonia) |Spain

(Barcelona) |Spain

(Madrid) | |Geographical target population |Capital area |St. Petersburg area |Omsk |Orel |Jekaterinburg |Capital area |Rotterdam |North and Central regions of Portugal |6 regions ** |Catalonia |Barcelona metropolitan area |Madrid metropolitan area | |Study design |Cross-sectional |Cross-sectional |Cross-sectional |Cross-sectional |Cross-sectional |Cross-sectional |Cross-sectional |Cohort/Cross-sectional |Cross-sectional |Cross-sectional |Cross-sectional |Cross sectional | |Year of data collection |2009, 2007 |2009 |2009 |2007-2008 |2007-2008 |2007 |2002-2003 |2009/2010 |2004,2005 |2008-9 |2001, 2003 |2001, 2003 | |Place of recruitment |NSP |Drug treatment centers,

mobile van |Regional AIDS Center or harm reduction organization |Mobile van operated by harm reduction organization |Regional AIDS Center or harm reduction organization |NSP |Drug treatment center, NSP, low-treshold service, prisons, street |Outpatient drug treatment centres (Equipas de Tratamento) |NSP, streets, treatment centers |Harm Reduction Centers |Street recruited |Street recruited | |Sampling method |RDS |RDS (St Petersburg); Chain referral (St.Petersburg area) |RDS |RDS |RDS |RDS |Venue based |Convenience sample |Convenience |Convenience sample |Snow ball, target sampling |Snow ball, target sampling | |Sample size (N) |678 |752(St.Petersburg area and St Petersburg) |349 |300 |300 |407 |311 |253 |751 |745 |275 |207 | |Inclusion criteria |Injecting drugs within past 2 months; age 18+ |Injecting drugs within past month; age 16+ |Injecting drugs within past month; age 16+ |Injecting drugs within past month; age 16+ |Injecting drugs within past month; age 16+ |Injecting drugs within past 2 months; age 18+ |Ever injecting; age 18+ |Age 18+ yrs

|Ever injectors, age 18+, residing in studied regions |Injecting drugs within past 6 months |Current heroin use; age 18-30;

+ *** |Injecting heroin with in past 3 months; age 18-30

; + ***

| |Type of sample taken |Venous blood |Venous blood |Capillary blood |Capillary blood |Capillary blood |Venous blood |Saliva |Venous blood |Venous blood |Oral fluid sample |Dried blood spots |Dried blood spots | |Lab tests used |HIV-1/HIV-2 III Plus from Abbott Laboratories (Abbott Park, Illinois, USA |Genscreen Ultra HIV Ag/Ab (Biograd, France), Immunocomb II, HIV 1,2 Bispot (Biograd, Israel – Russia), New Lav blot (Biograd, France), |Abbott Determine™ HIV-1/2 и ACON HCV Rapid Test Device |ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) |ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) |Vironostika HIV Uniform II Ag/Ab, BioMerieux and Genscreen Plus HIV Ag Ab, BioRad, France |Wellcozyme GAC-ELISA (Murex Diagnostics, Abbott) / HIV Duo VIDAS test (BioMerieux),

Western Immunoblot InnoLia (Innogenetics)

|Hexagon HIV, Human GmBH, Determine HIV1/2, Inverness Medical / Western blot |Commercial ELISA assays for HIV1/HIV2 performed in local laboratories |Anti-HIV antibodies were detected in oral fluid using Detec-HIV version 4 from ADALTIS |ELISA Genscreen HIV1/2 version 2 and New Lav Blot 1; Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Coquette, France; Western blot conformation |ELISA Genscreen HIV1/2 version 2, New Lav Blot 1; Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Coquette, France / Western blot

| |

* Year with the highest reported number of IDU-related HIV cases

** Mazowickie, Lubuskie, Sląskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Dolnośląskie, Lubelskie

*** Regular heroin consumption (at least 12 times last 12 months); Residency (Madrid or Barcelona metropolitan area); good understanding of Spanish

NSP = needle and syringe programme; RDS = respondent driven sampling

Table 2. Recall periods in months of the main risk and behavioural measures used in the studies

|Estonia |Russia * |Latvia |Netherlands |Portugal |Poland |Spain (Madrid) |Spain (Catalonia) |Spain (Barcelona) | |Sexually active ** |12 m |12 m |12 m |6 m |6 m |12 m |12 m |6 m |12 m | |Number sex partners |12 m |12 m |12 m |6 m |6 m |12 m |12 m |6 m |12 m | |Syringe sharing |6 m |1 m |6 m |6 m |6 m |6 m |12 m |6 m |12 m | |Condom use |6 m |1 m |6 m |6 m |6 m |lifetime |12 m |6 m |12 m | |

* All 4 Russian sites

** Defined based on the numbers of sexual partners reported (sexually not active = 0 sexual partners)

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