ANCIENT WORLD: CIVILIZATIONS AND RELIGIONS (4000 B



A. Ancient World: Civilizations and Religions (4000 B.C. – 500 A.D.)

I. Early Peoples, River Valley Civilizations and Ancient Empires

A. Early peoples

1. hunters and gatherers

2. adapt to environment – acquisition of food

3. spiritual beliefs

4. migration – cultural diffusion

B. Neolithic Revolution: what climate changes led to its development?

1. impact of agriculture

2. permanent settlements

3. new social classes

4. new technology

C. Rise of Civilizations: how are they connected to the agricultural revolution?

1. characteristics of a civilization – basic features

2. development of cities

3. traditional economy

4. polytheistic

5. specialization and development of social classes

6. art and architecture

7. writing systems

D. Compare and Contrast River Valley Civilizations: why did civilizations develop near rivers?

1. Egypt/Nile River (Egyptian Civilization)

2. Fertile Crescent (Sumerian, Babylonian, Phoenician, Assyrian, Perisan)

3. Indus Valley/Indus River (Indus Valley Cities and Arayans)

4. China/Huang He River (Shang and Chou Civilization)

FOR EACH RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATION KNOW THE FOLLOWING

A. Geography: impact on development

B. Economics: farming and irrigation > surplus > specialization > urbanization

C. Political Systems: government

1. purpose: why did the first governments arise?

2. decision making: who made decisions?

3. move toward comp[lex government systems

D. Social Structures: social classes, status of women, slaves, etc.

E. Religious Beliefs

F. Achievements:

1. writing system

2. belief systems – polytheistic and myths

3. early technology: irrigation, tools, weapons

4. architecture

5. legal systems: codified laws, etc.

Basic Questions: How did each empire rise?

What were the achievements of each empire?

How did the empire decline?.

VOCABULARY: Early Peoples and river Civilizations

A. General Terms

history

oral History

primary source

secondary source

tertiary source

geography

climate

precipitation

latitude and longituden

natural barriers

decade

century

millennium

A.D. or C.E.

B.C. or B.C.E.

indigenous

stereotype

ethnocentrism

eurocentric

cultural diffusiona

assimilation

acculturation

demographic changes

B. Neolithic Revolution and Rise of Early Civilizations

EVOLUTION

artifact

archaeology

anthropology

hunter-gatherer

nomad

migration

Ice Age

Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic Rev)

agrarian

domestication

Bronze Age

culture - cultural

political

economic

social

civilization – characteristics of

complex institutions

specialization of work

advances in technology

urbanization

record-keeping

annual floods

irrigation

city-state

barter

polytheism

monotheism

priests

social classes

social stratification

infrastructure

C. Mesopotamia/Fertile Crescent

Mesopotamia

Fertile Crescent

Tigris and Euphrates

arid

artisan

ziggurat

Summer

cuneiform

Babylon

Hammurabi’s Code

covenant

prophet

satrap

D. Indus River Valley

subcontinent

Indus River

Himalayas

Khyber pass

monsoons

reincarnation

moksha

caste

untouchable

karma

dharama

nirvana

edict

Vedics

social equality

E. Ancient Egypt

Nile River

cataract

delta

Sahara

hieroglyphics

myths

maat

scribe

dynasty

pyramid

pharaoh

papyrus

Rosetta Stone

F. Ancient China

Huang He River (River of Sorrows)

Yangtze River

Tibet

Mongolia

loess

oracle bones

dynastic cycle

mandate of heaven

filial piety

Confucius

Taoists

Legalists

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