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Circulatory System, Respiratory System, and Excretory System, Scientific Method

1) Identify each of the numbered structures of the respiratory system.

A: trachea C: lung

B: bronchi D: diaphragm

2) Explain what is happening in the diagrams below:

[pic][pic]

PA is carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs. PA(capillaries(carbon dioxide diffused into the alveoli(oxygen diffuses into the capillaries(PVein

3) Circle the part of the diagram that shows oxygen poor blood from the body entering the capillaries surrounding the alveolus.

4) Draw a square around the part of the diagram that represents oxygen –rich blood in the capillaries returning to the heart.

5) In what part of the respiratory system does gas exchange take place? alveoli

6) What is the main function of the respiratory system? The function of the respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body.

7) Identify one malfunction of the respiratory system. Provide an explanation of that disorder, a treatment and/or prevention method. Emphysema is a condition in which the walls between the alveoli or air sacs within the lung lose their ability to stretch and recoil. Years of exposure to the irritation of cigarette smoke usually precede the development of emphysema. Prevention: abstain from smoking Treatment: steroids, bronchodilator drugs, medication.

8) *Describe how the circulatory, digestive and respiratory maintain homeostasis? The respiratory system delivers oxygen to the circulatory system. Nutrients and gases diffuse from the circulatory system to the cells so they can carry out cellular respiration. Wastes that are produced through cellular activities diffuse into the circulatory system and are removed from the body through the excretory system. The renal artery transports urea to the kidneys (urinary system), urea is filtered by the nephron(kidney) and urine is produced.

9) Define the life function of transport. Absorption and circulation of material throughout an organism.

10) Draw and label a diagram of blood.

[pic]

11) Name the different parts of the blood and explain the function of each part.

a) Plasma: transport medium (water, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, wastes)

b) RBC: oxygen carriers

c) WBC: defenders of the body

d) Platelets- clot wound

12) What is a major difference between red and white blood cells?

RBC—short life span (120 days), lack nuclei, 44% of blood

WBC- long life span, contain nuclei, less than 1% in number

13) Exchange of soluble compounds, gases, and wastes through the intercellular fluid occurs between cells and capillaries

14) A condition caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries often results in pain extending from the chest to the shoulders and arms. This condition is called angina

15) Which blood vessel returns blood to the heart? vena cava (veins) **highest in CO2

16) After leaving the right ventricle of a four chambered heart, the blood enters a circulatory pathway known as artery—pulmonary artery

17) The blockage of one of the heart vessels could result in damage to the heart wall caused by an insufficient oxygen supply to the heart tissue. This condition is known a clogged artery

18) The pulmonary veins contain blood that is returning to the heart from the lungs.

19) A function of human blood is to : transport medium, WBC, RBC and platelets

20) Through the walls of which blood vessels does gas exchange occur?capillaries

21) Which vessels contain valves and transports blood back to the heart? veins

22) A blood vessel in a human is described as follows: The vessel shows three distinct layers of tissue; is round (not flattened) in cross section; the appearance is somewhat like a “target”. This description would match the cross section of a arteries

23) The passage of the end products of digestion into the cells of an organism is an example of diffusion.

24) In humans, exchange of materials between blood and intercellular fluid directly involves blood vessels known as _lymph vessels

25) Which chamber of the human heart receives most of the blood returning from the brain? Right atrium_

26) Blood flow to and from the lungs is referred to as pulmonary circulation

27) Compared to a drop of blood taken from a vein in the arm, a drop of blood taken from an artery in the arm would normally contain less_carbon dioxide and more oxygen.

28) A stroke occurs in the area of the human body known as brain.

29) The main blood vessel used for carrying blood away from the heart for general circulation is the aorta

30) Backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria is prevented by the action of valves.

31) Many end products of digestion leave the digestive system and enter the circulatory system by the process of diffusion.—small intestine (villi)(capillaries

32) What is the function of hemoglobin? Iron containing pigment on red blood cells which transport oxygen.

[pic]

33) What is the difference between systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation? Systemic circulation transports blood through the body systems. Pulmonary Circulation is circulation to the lungs, returning oxygenated blood to the heart so that it could be pumped throughout the body. (carry out systemic circulation)

34) Circle the part of the diagram that shows coronary circulation. Draw a square around the part of the diagram that shows circulation to the kidneys. Draw a diamond around the part of the diagram that shows circulation to the lungs.

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35) What is atherosclerosis? What are its causes? Its effects? How can one reduce the risk of getting it?

|Name |Description |Cause |Prevention |

|Athersosclerosis | hardening of the arteries, and |deposits of cholesterol and |lowering the amount of high |

| |the arteries become less narrow |other fatty materials |cholesterol foods and fat. |

| |and less elastic; | | |

36) Briefly describe pathway of circulation through the human body. veins(RA(RV(PA(lungs(PV(LA(LV(aorta(artery(arterioles(capillaries(venules( veins

37) Label the diagram below of the human heart.

[pic]

38) Trace the flow of blood through the heart.

C/E(D(F(A(I(H(G(B b/d(c(e(j(i(h(g(f(a

39) What is the relationship of the blood vessels in the diagram below? Artery(arterioles(capillaries(venules(veins

[pic]

40) Name one disorder of the circulatory system. Describe the malfunction and what treatment could be given or how could the disease be prevented.

|Name |Location |Explanation |Treatment |Prevention |

|Heart Attack |Heart |Blocked artery leads lack|Angioplasty; stents; |Low fat diet; exercise |

| | |of blood flowing to the |bypass surgery | |

| | |heart | | |

|Cardiac arrest |heart |Heart is not pumping |Angioplasty; stents; |Low fat diet; exercise |

| | |blood to the body (aorta)|bypass surgery | |

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