Physics



Physics Review Sheet: Benchmark #1

Vocabulary- know the definition and an example of each

Acceleration

Accuracy

Area under the curve

Average velocity

Base Unit

Component vector

Constant velocity

Dependent variable

Direct Relationship

Direction

Displacement

Distance

Extrapolation

Independent variable

Instantaneous velocity

Interpolation

Inverse relationship

Kinematics

Magnitude

Manipulated variable

Motion

Precision

Quadratic Relationship

Responding variable

Resultant vector

Scalar

Scientific Notation

Significant digits

Slope

Speed

Vector

Velocity

Scalars and Vectors – label the following as a vector or a scalar

_____ 25 m/s

_____ 7 days

_____ 13.5 m NW

_____ 6.2 m left

_____ 100 yd dash

_____ 4.7 km/hr @ 42° N of E

_____ 65 mph

_____ -9.8 m/s2

T or F If the statement is false, make the correct changes.

______ A scalar quantity has magnitude and direction while a vector has only magnitude.

______ Vectors at right angles may never be added.

______ The length of a vector represents the quantity’s magnitude.

______ A vector quantity is described with direction, a scalar quantity is not.

Problems

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1. An enthusiastic student leaves her dorm and walks to the library, but realizes that she is hungry. She turns around and walks to the cafeteria to purchase a snack. The librarian does not allow food so the student walks to the physics building to study for her Benchmark.

a. What is the total distance traveled by the student?

b. What is the displacement of the student?

c. The student finally returns to the dorm. If the entire trip took 2.5 hours, what is the average speed of the student? Average velocity?

2. A school bus filled with students going to a corn maze travels at a velocity of 65 mph for 30 minutes. Then the bus travels at 42.5 mph for 1 hour.

• What is the total distance traveled by the bus (in meters)?

• What is the average velocity (m/s) of the bus for the entire trip?

3. At a recent NASCAR race, the Number 24 car accelerated from rest to 23 m/s in 120 seconds.

• What was the displacement of the car after the 120 seconds?

• After 120 seconds, Jeff Gordon applied the brakes, accelerated at -4.0 m/s2 and came to a stop. How long did it take for the car to stop?

• How far did the car travel during the deceleration?

Graph Analysis

1. The slope of a position-time graph gives the average __________________ of the object.

2. The slope of a velocity-time graph gives the average __________________ of the object.

3. The area under the curve of a velocity-time graph is the ________________ of the object.

4. Use the diagram below for the following questions:

|a. What is the object’s speed between 1 and 2 sec? |

|b. When is the object motionless? |

|c. When does the object travel its fastest? |

|d. When is the object moving toward its starting point? |

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5. On a sheet of graph paper, draw both a Position – Time Graph and a Velocity – Time Graph for the

following:

• An object at rest

• An object moving with constant velocity (positive direction)

• An object moving with constant velocity (negative direction)

• An object accelerating at a constant rate

Calculate the displacement (area under the curve) for the following graph:

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The graph below represents the motion of Albert, Bob and Charlie. Analyze the graph to answer the corresponding questions.

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1. Who won the race? Justify your answer.

2. Which runner stopped for a rest and for how long? Justify your answer.

3. What was each runner’s average speed for the entire race?

4. Discuss how Charlie’s motion from 0-8 seconds was different from the other two runners.

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