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Yr 10 History: Home Learning BookletSummer Term 2Introduction to Unit 3 Germany:1918-1923Our final GCSE unit is Unit 3: Germany 1918-1939Before the summer you will focus on the period 1918-1923.Each week’s work includes Task 1 activities, based on a powerpoint lesson, and then Task 2 onwards, which just need the booklet.Key Topic 1: Weimar Republic: Bullet Points 1.1 & 1.2 Week 1 wb 1/6/20: Context and impact of WWI on Germany p. 2-5Week 2 wb 8/6/20: What did the Weimar Republic look like? p. 6-9 Week 3 wb15/6/20: The Treaty of Versailles & its impact on Germany p. 10-13Week 4 wb 22/6/20: Left Wing and Right Wing political challenges p. 14-17Week 5 wb 29/6/20: 1923-Invasion of the Ruhr and Hyperinflation p. 18-22Key Topic 2: Hitler’s rise to power: Bullet points 2.1 & 2.2Week 6 wb 6/7/20: The Early Nazi Party, 1919-1922 p. 23-27Week 7 wb 13/7/20: The Munich Putsch 1923 p. 28-33GCSEpod sheet p34.Week 1 wb 1/6/20: KT1 Weimar Republic: BP 1.1 Origins of the RepublicContext & impact of WWI on GermanyTask 1) Watch & listen to St Clement’s School Lesson 1 Powerpoint. As you watch, note down key information in the spaces on pages 2-3. This will take about 1 hour.Find it on YouTube at : (alternative access Germany lesson 1 power point on left) Starter: What do you already know about German history and Hitler?Kaiser Wilhelm:Impact of the War on Germany:Events in Russia:Political changes 9-10th Nov: Revolution:32883233653700209256827158002267389124802War and Defeat00War and Defeat1487657892920034852719632600328128912856400226841412856300 Do you think that Ebert had a chance of sorting out the legacy problems from WWI? Exam question activities:What is the view of Interpretation 1?What can you infer from this source about Germany in WWI?What I can infer:Detail in the source which tells me this:Key Words:Timeline 1918-1923:More detailed information on The legacy of the First World War on Germany Task 2: Read through, fill in the missing words & highlight 4-5 key words per section.Missing words: ending, two, four, councils, defeat, government, Front, Germany, attack, strike, 1918, Kaiser, debt, pushed, navy, food, spread, died, BritainOverview:The First World War lasted from Aug 1914 to Nov______. The Allies (_____________, France and Russia) fought against the Central Powers (_______________, Austria-Hungary and Turkey). The USA joined the war in April 1917. By autumn 1918 The German army was being ___________ back on the Western ____________ in France and the British Naval Blockage was resulting in __________ shortages in Germany German______________ was imminent.Human impact:11 Million Germans fought in WWI. Almost _____ million died & ___ million were wounded. Over 750,000 German civilians ________ because of food shortages during the War.Economic Impact:The cost of war meant that the German government __________ trebled between 1914-18, from 50 billion Marks to 150 billion Marks.Political Impact:In early October 1918 a new ________________ was formed in Germany led by Prince of Max of Baden. It included members of the Reichstag (Parliament) and was Germany’s first parliamentary cabinet. This meant that the government was accountable to the Reichstag instead of accountable to the ______________ (Wilhelm II- Emperor of Germany). Prince Max asked the US President Woodrow Wilson about ending the War, but Wilson said he would only discuss _____________ the War if the Kaiser and his military advisers were removed from power.At the end of October the German _________ mutinied. In the Kiel Mutiny, sailors refused to follow orders and would not go to ______________ the British navy. Unrest then ____________ across Germany. In Stuttgart Daimler Plant workers went on _____________ and demonstrated in the streets. In Hanover, soldiers refused to control rioting in the street. In many places locals set up workers’ and soldiers’ _______________ to take over the running of their cities. On the 7th Nov in Munich workers declared a general strike and announced that they were separated from the rest of Germany.More detailed information on The German Revolution of 1918-19: Task 3) Read through, fill in the missing words and highlight 4-5 key words per section.Missing words: exile, democratic, Ebert, agreement, abdicate, Constitution, outside, headquarters, Social Democratic, window, republic, armistice. By November, the German Revolution had begun: on 9th November, Kaiser Wilhelm II was at an army ________________, 700km from Berlin. His ministers told him that the only way to restore order in Germany was for him to ________________ (give up his position as Emperor). At first he refused, but then realised that he did not have the support of army officers either, so he abdicated & went into __________ in Holland.Whilst these event were happening at the army headquarters, people were gathering ______________ the Reichstag building. Inside the Reichstag, Philipp Scheidemann, a member of the _________________ _____________________ Party (SPD), was told that armed rioters were about to announce a new communist government in Berlin. He wanted a more ________________ form of government, so he rushed to an open _________________ and announced to the crowds that the Kaiser was gone and that there was a new German ___________________(government without a monarch) and appealed for a peaceful transition to the new regime (even though this political change over had not actually happened yet!).The SPD worked quickly to establish the newly announced republic:9th Nov – the Kaiser’s Chancellor (Max von Baden, who had only been in post for 1 month) was replace with Friedrich _____________, the leader of the SPD.10th Nov – Ebert made an __________________with General Groener for the army to work with the new government, to keep the Communists out of power.10th Nov – Ebert suspended the old Reichstag (German parliament). He named 6 moderate politicians to form the Council of People’s Representatives to head the government until a new __________________________ was agreed.The End of the War11th Nov – Ebert’s representative –Matthias Erzberger signed the ________________. This was the formal agreement between Germany & the Allies to end the WWI.Week 2 wb 8/6/20: KT1 Weimar Republic: BP 1.1 Origins of the RepublicWhat did the Weimar Republic look like?Task 1) Watch the voiceover powerpoint. As you watch, note down key information in the spaces on pages 6-7. This will take about 1 hour.Find it on YouTube at : (alternative access Germany lesson 2 power point on left) Recap Quiz: Pause the powerpoint when it tells you to, and have a go:What word describes the king stepping down from his role as monarch?When did the Kaiser step down?When was the war officially over?What was the term given to the ending of the war?What word is used to represent a country without a monarch?Who replaced Kaiser Wilhelm as leader of Germany & what was his party?How many German people starved following the allied blockade of German ports?How much did WWI cost the German economy?What did 300,000 Berliners do in April 1917?What does the word ‘Dolchstoss’ mean?(Then go back through and mark your work, the voiceover tells you the answers.)What promises did Ebert make to try to gain support for this new government, and how successful was he in this?How did Ebert set up this new government? What type of government was it?Define Democracy:How does the present day British political system work?Key features of the Weimar Constitution:31750How did elections work in the new Weimar Republic?The political spectrum:Proportional Representation & Coalitions: Extreme Left: Communist (KPD)Left: Social Democrats (SPD) led the new governmentCentre:Democrats (DDP), Centre Party (ZP) and People’s Party (DVP)Extreme Right: Nationalists (DNVP) & Nazis (NSDAP)What is the message of this poster?The Weimar GovernmentStrengthsWeaknessesTask 2) More detailed information on Setting up the Weimar Republic Read through, filling in the missing words and highlighting 4-5 key words per section.Missing words: Weimar Republic, elections, unrest, 8, agree, nationalise, moderate, Weimar, temporary, constitution, army, Civil, Ways Ebert built support for the new government between Nov 1918 & July 1919:Kept existing _______________ Servants (someone who works for the government) in office. This ensured that the State kept running.Reassured General Groener that the ______________would not be reformed. This meant he kept their support & could use them to keep order.Reassured business owners & leaders of industry that they would not ___________________ (confiscate and make state owned) their industries.Promised to try to achieve an ______ hour working day for Trade Unions.Despite these strategies, there was still unrest, with extremist parties unhappy with the political developments and willing to fight for the political systems which they wanted.ElectionsThe Council of Peoples’ Representatives which took control of Germany in November 1919 was only intended to be a very ________________________ set up. Ebert announced that there would be national _________________________ to select a temporary National Assembly, whose job it would be to create a new _______________________ (list of rules about how the country will run, what system it will have) for Germany. Under this new system, further elections would then take place.The elections took place on 19th Jan 1919. They were a success- 80% of the electorate voted. _________________ parties gained the most seats; the SPD 40%, the German Democratic Party 22% and the Centre Party 20%. However, 18% of seat were won by extremist parties, who wanted a completely different type of political system! There was so much violence and ___________ in Berlin, that they chose to meet in a small town called ________________. It took 6 months to ______ on and create the Constitution. The new form of government, based on the constitution, became known as the _______________ _______________.Task 3) Key Articles (points) of the Constitution Put ticks by those articles which tried to ensure democracy, crosses by those that did not.Article 1The German Reich is a Republic. Political Authority derives from the peopleArticle 22The Reichstag delegates are elected by universal, equal, direct and secret suffrage (voting) by all men and women over 20 years of age, in accordance with the principles of Proportional RepresentationArticle 23The Reichstag is elected every 4 years. Articles 41/43The Reich President is chosen by the whole German electorate every 7 yearsArticle 46 The President appoints & dismisses all Reich officials e.g. Chancellor & ministersArticle 48If public safety & order in the Reich is materially disturbed or endangered, the Reich President may take the necessary measures to restore public safety and order.Article 54The Reich Chancellor& ministers require the confidence of the Reichstag, in order to hold their offices. If this is lost, they must resign.Task 4) The Strengths and Limitations of the Weimar ConstitutionColour-code or label each feature as a strength or weakness of the constitution (some features could be a bit of both)The Electorate.All men & women 21+ had the right to vote in presidential & parliamentary elections This was much more democratic than under the Kaiser or Britain was at this pointElection of the Reichstag.The Reichstag was elected under a system of Proportional Representation, every 4 years. Every party was allocated one representative for each 60,000 votesThe Fundamental LawsIt established basic civil rights, referred to as ‘fundamental laws’, such as the right of freedom of speech, freedom of religious belief and right to a trial.Issues with decision makingThe lack of single-party government meant that swift, clear decisions could not be made. This meant that the President and Chancellor often relied on using Article 48, which meant that they could introduce new rules by decree instead of through the Reichstag.Selection of executive roles-Legitimate authority.The President was directly elected in elections held every 7 years. Other executive roles, such as Chancellor and cabinet ministers were personally selected by the President. This meant they were likely to get on and work together. However, they did need to have majority support from the Reichstag, or they were supposed to resign.Coalition GovernmentsProportional representation meant that many small political parties won seats in the Reichstag. The result was that, often, no single party had a clear majority. So, to form a government, they had to create a coalition, (joining several parties together.) Because of differing views coalitions often argued & fell apart. There were 9 different coalition governments 1919-1923Article 48Article 48 enabled the President and Chancellor to by-pass the Reichstag and effectively bring in temporary laws without the role of parliament, by-passing the democratic process. This also undermined the checks and balances notion of spread power. It reinforced the view of some people that the old tradition of a single all-powerful leader was better than democracy. OppositionSeveral parties elected to the Reichstag, such as Nationalists and Communists, were opposed to democracy and the new constitution.The Senior Civil Service and Judiciary-Leading workers for the government and judges did not want the new Weimar system and government, because they did not agree with their liberal political views. Army- The leaders wanted the Kaiser to return.They believed in single strong leaders.Checks and BalancesPower was spread across several individuals & groups, so no one had too much: President- chose the Chancellor, could dismiss the Reichstag, call elections & take control of the army. Could be voted out by the electorate. Chancellor-could present laws to Reichstag & Reichsrat.Reichstag-passed or rejected laws and controlled taxationLocal Gov.- the 18 German regions each had its own local parliament, controlling police, courts and schools etc.Task 5) Exam Question: Give two things you can infer from Source A about the Weimar Constitution (4 marks) Annotate the source with two things you have inferred-pointing to and underlining the text which made you think this.Source A: From a speech to the new constituent Assembly by Hugo Preuss, head of the Commission that drew up the Weimar Constitution in 1919. He was talking about the new constitutionI have often listened to the debates with real concern, glancing timidly to the gentlemen of the Right, fearful lest they say to me; ‘Do you hope to give a parliamentary system to a nation like this, one that resists it with every sinew in its body?’ One finds suspicion everywhere; Germans cannot shake off their old political timidity and their deference to the authoritarian state.Week 3 wb15/6/20: KT1 Weimar Republic: BP 1.2 Early Challenges to the Republic The Treaty of Versailles & its impact on GermanyTask 1) Watch the voiceover powerpoint. As you watch, note down key information in the spaces on p10-11. This will take about 1 hour.Find it on YouTube at: (alternative access Germany lesson 3 power point on left) Unpopularity of the Weimar Republic government: The ArmisticeContext of the production of Treaty of Versailles:Position of Britain (David Lloyd George)-Position of France (Georges Clemenceau)-Position of USA (Woodrow Wilson)-Terms of the Treaty of Versailles: BRAT can help! (or-LAMB-land, army, money, blame):Blame-Reparations-Army-Territories-(land)Aims of these terms:Why was it a ‘Diktat’?Why it was signed by Weimar Republic Government:What was the German people’s reaction to the Treaty?How did the Treaty weaken Germany?Interpretation activity:What is the view of interpretation 1?What can you infer from Source C, about Germany’s reaction to the Treaty of Versailles?Look at the range of visual sources and listen to the teacher’s analysis-Then rewind and pick one: Use it to answer the following question. (Remember to give evidence from the image to support your inferences).What can you infer from the image about the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?Create your own image which represents the Treaty of Versailles and its impact on Germany:Summary: impact of the Treaty on Germany:Task 2) More detailed information on The Context of the Treaty of Versailles Read through, filling in the missing words and highlighting 4-5 key words per section.Missing words: blame, losing, abdicated, suffered, Wilson, betrayed, Diktat, punished, stabbed, armistice, French.The ArmisticeOn 11 November 1918, two days after the Kaiser ________________ , Matthias Erzberger (on behalf of the temporary government) signed the ___________________, to stop the fighting and accepting defeat. There was no alternative, as the Germans were in retreat & __________ the war. Some Germans were glad of the peace, as they had _________________ during the war. However, many German people had believed the Kaiser’s propaganda, which had claimed that Germany was not defeated, and they felt that the new government was to ____________ for Germany’s surrender. Some claimed that Germany could have kept fighting and were not defeated. They believed that the soldiers had been _________________by the Social Democrat politicians, that they were ‘________________ in the back” (the Dolchstoss theory).The nature of Treaty of VersaillesIt was not until 28th June the peace settlement was signed. The German’s expected it to be based on the US President _____________’s 14 Point programme, which they thought was fair. However, the ___________, under Clemenceau, wanted Germany to be _________________. Germany was not allowed to negotiate the terms of the treaty and German representatives were not allowed to join in the treaty discussions. The treaty was, therefore, a ‘____________’ (a dictated treaty rather than negotiated one).Task 3) The Terms of the Treaty of VersaillesRead & underline 6 key words for each term. Get someone to verbally test you on the details.Task 4) German attitudes to the Treaty Missing words: November Criminals, alternative, unpopular, harshness, opposed. The Germans were given 15 days to make comment on the terms. They ________________ the Treaty and asked for concessions, but these were refused. Due to the __________________of the terms of the treaty, it was very ______________________with the German people. Because the newly elected Weimar Government was in power when it was introduced, they were seen as to blame for allowing it (despite having no_________________________.) This made them unpopular with some groups. Some called them the ‘_____________________ ____________________’ for signing the Treaty.Task 5) The Impact of the Treaty of VersaillesRead both the left & right columns, which describe consequences of the Treaty of Versailles. Decide which is describing Economic Consequences and which Political Consequences. Label with the correct heading. Then underline 2-3 key words for each box.Many Germans believed that Germany could have won the War if they had carried on fighting.The Treaty of Versailles charged Germany reparations. The Treaty also meant that they lost valuable industrial and agricultural land. This led some Germans to blame the new Weimar Government for the Treaty of Versailles. They believed that the army had been ‘stabbed in the back’, betrayed by the politicians, called the ‘November Criminals’, for signing the Treaty. This meant that they were less able to generate wealth from producing produced food and goods and would have to be spending more to pay the reparations. This made the new German Weimar Republic politically weak, lacking in support.This made Germany economically weak.It contributed to significant political opposition to the Weimar Republic in the early 1920s. Germany asked for reductions in the reparations but they were refusedThere was increased support for extremist opposition groups, who rejected the democratic political system, which had been established Germany was not able to make the repayments. So, in 1923, French & Belgium troops invaded the German Rhur region to seize raw materials as payment, legal under the Treaty of Versailles.4617231-390700Task 6) Exam Question: Give two things that you can infer from source A about German reactions to the Versailles Peace Treaty.Source A: Cartoon entitled ‘Clemenceau the Vampire’. From German right-wing satirical magazine Kladderadatch,July 1919. Clemenceau was leader of France.Inference:Evidence:Inference:Evidence:Week 4 wb 22/6/20: KT1 Weimar Republic: BP 1.2 Early Challenges to the RepublicLeft Wing and Right Wing political challengesTask 1) Watch the voiceover powerpoint. As you watch, note down key information in the spaces on p14-15. This will take about 1 hour.Find it on YouTube at: (alternative access Germany lesson 4 power point on left) Recap Quiz: Pause power point when it tells you to, and have a go:When was the Treaty of Versailles?How many soldiers were Germany allowed?How much in reparations did Germany have to pay?What number clause was the War Guilt Cause?How many African colonies did Germany lose?How many battleships were Germany allowed?How much of an airforce?What area of land was ‘demilitarised’?Who was forced to sign the Treaty?Who were the three leaders of the allies?What term was the Treaty know by, relating to Germany not being able to negotiate?What role was in charge of the new Weimar Republic?What role was in charge of government?What was the German parliament called?What article allowed the leader of the Weimar Republic to run the country without Parliament?What can you infer from this source (map) about the stability of the Weimar Republic?Background causes of instability and unrest:Problems facing Ebert:What would you do if you were Ebert?What did Ebert do?Political spectrumLeft values: Right values:The Spartacist Uprising -6th Jan 1919Poster-Fact File:What could Ebert do?What did he do?The End- What had happened by 13th Jan?1811020317500Kapp Putsch -March 1920Causes-What could Ebert do?Fact File:What did Ebert do?3863731-112370600Further political violence and the response of the legal system: More detailed information on Challenges to the Weimar Republic 1919-1923, the Weimar Government faced opposition from extremists on both the Right and Left. Nearly 400 political murders were carried out. The extreme political instability in the period was in part was due to the German people being unfamiliar with, and uncertain about, Democratic government.Task 2) Read through the description. Underline key words. Then evaluate degree of threatThe Spartacists’ Uprising 1919 Who? The Spartacists (The Independent Socialist Party or USPD) were far left wing revolutionaries, led by Rosa Luxemburg & Karl Liebknecht based in Berlin. They took their name from the Roman slave Spartacus, who led a rebellion in 73BC. In December 1918, they set up the German Communist Party (KPD). They were backed by the Soviet Union and well-funded, with 33 newspapers and 400,000 members.Why did they oppose the Republic? Long Term: They wanted a Communist political system, like in Russia, to be set up in Germany. They did not trust the new government to look after the interests of the working people. Short Term: On the 4th Jan Ebert sacked Emil Eichorn, the police chief in Berlin, who was popular with workers. The next day thousands of workers protested in the street. The Spartacists felt it was their chance to try to overthrow the government, with the mass support of workers.What did they do? Through Dec 1918, they had been involved in clashes with the army, during which 16 Spartacists died. On the 5th Jan, they called for an uprising and General Strike in Berlin. On the 6th of Jan the Spartacists began their attempt to overthrow Ebert and the Weimar Government. Over 100,000 workers took to the streets. The Spartacists seized the government’s newspaper and telegraph offices.By what methods did the Government deal with them, and how successfully? Although Ebert had an agreement to have the support of the army, for his new Republican government, soon after the war, the German armed forces (Reichswehr) were weak. Therefore, Ebert sought help from demobilised soldiers, who were mostly right-wing, so strongly anti-communist. These demobilised soldiers had formed into paramilitary groups-Freikorps (Free Corps), armed with weapons from the war, and increasingly under the unofficial organisation of the Army. Although Ebert was not a natural ally of these men, he desperately needed a physical force to challenge the Spartacists and workers. Ebert and his defence minister decided use 4,000 ex-army Freikorps, led by officers of the Reichswehr to fight the Spartacists. The mainly unarmed protester were no match for the Freikorps By the 13th January, the rebels had been driven off the streets. On 16th Jan, Luxemberg & Liebknecht Were arrested and killed by Freikorps officers. Liebknecht was shot and Luxemberg struck on the head with a rifle, shot and dumped in the canal. The uprising had been crushed.Why did Spartacist challenge fail? The Spartacists were poorly organised and lacked sufficient support from the people of Berlin to fight the Freikorps and authorities. They also lacked sufficient finance to be properly armed or military training to face the Reichswehr and Freikorps.What was significant about the Spartacist challenge for the government - positive/negative? Pos: The government had successfully put down the uprising.Neg: It highlighted the instability of the new Republic and that it had left wing opposition to it. It made the Republic seem indebted to the right-wing Freikorps.Wider context: Further communist-inspired uprisings were crushed by Freikorps in Berlin in March (111 killed) & in Munich in April and in the Ruhr in March 1920(hundreds killed by the army).Overall, how much of a threat did the Spartacist Uprising pose to the government? Give rate of 10 and explain:Task 3) Read through the description. Underline key words. Then evaluate degree of threatThe Kapp Putsch 1920 Who were they? The Freikorps (volunteer corps) were ex-soldiers. They had refused to give up weapons and uniforms, at the end of WWI. Friedrich Ebert, first President of the Weimar Republic had initially used them to help him keep control and to crush far-left communist risings (eg the Spartacist Uprising). Their leader was called Ehrhardt.Why did they oppose the Republic? Long Term: They were angry at the surrendering in WWI, as they had served as soldiers and believed they could have won. They were strongly right-wing Monarchists, who mostly believed that they should still have the old political system and Kaiser. Short Term: By the 1920s Ebert’s government were struggling to control the Freikorps- who had gained confidence with their use to crush the Left, but were also angered by the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. In March, the government introduced the measures to cut the size of the army and tried to disband the Freikorps.What did they do? Five thousand armed Freikorps marched on Berlin and gained the support of more than 400 Reichswehr officers, during the protest. They seized control of Berlin and put forward an extreme Nationalist politician Wolfgang Kapp, as a figurehead leader. They declared a new German government and invited the exiled Kaiser to return from exile.By what methods did the Government deal with them, and how successfully? At first the government asked the army leader General Seeckt to deal with them, but they refused, stating ‘Reichswer does not fire upon Reichswer’ (Army doesn’t shot Army)-as they were all ex-servicemen from WWI. Fearing for their lives, the government fled to Weimar, then Dresden, then Stuttgart. It looked like the Putsch (takeover) was working. However, then, the government asked the workers of Berlin to go on strike in resistance to the Kapp Putsch takeover. The workers obliged because they were mostly left wing, either supporters of the Social Democratic led government, or even communists, who disagreed with the views and aims of the Freikorps. So the Berlin workers went of strike, refusing to function under the control of the Freikorps. This ground Berlin to a halt and successfully ended the Putsch. Kapp realised that he could not govern as he fled and the rebellion collapsed. Kapp was caught and later died in prison. The Weimar Government returned to Berlin and regained control.Why did the Kapp Putsch challenge fail? Union Berlin workers went on strike in support to the Weimar Government, which stopped all transport, power and fuel supplies, communication systems and manufacturing production. A country cannot function in this situation. This showed the lack of general support for the Putsch.What was significant about the Kapp Putsch challenge for the government: positive/negative? Pos: It revealed that the new Republic had the support of many workers. They were eventually able to crush the rebellion.Neg: It highlighted the instability of the new Republic and showed it had right-wing opposition. It also showed that the Republic’s government did not have the support of the army.Wider Context: Between 1919 and 1922, there were 376 political murders, 354 of them carried out by right wing attackers killing Left-Wing or moderate politicians. Not a single right-wing murderer was convicted or executed, whilst 10 left-wing assassins were. This was because judges were sympathetic to the right-wing, even undermining the Weimar Republic in the Courts. Many had remained in post from the time of the Kaiser!These murders included the assassination of three leading politicians:Hugo Haasse-one of Ebert’s Council of People’s Representatives murdered 1919.Matthias Erzberger-leader of the Centre Party, who had signed the Armistice, was shot & killed 1921.Walther Rathenau-the Weimar foreign minister, was machine -gunned to death in Berlin 1922.Within this climate, from 1920 most political parties hired armed men to guard their meetings, these developed into political paramilitary groups/private armiesOverall, how much of a threat did the Kapp Putsch pose to the government? Give rate of 10 and explain:Week 5 wb 29/6/20: KT1 Weimar Republic: BP 1.2 Early Challenges to the Republic1923-Invasion of the Ruhr and HyperinflationTask 1) Watch the next voiceover power point. As you watch, note down key information in the spaces on p18-19. This will take about 1 hour.Find it on youtube at: (alternative access Germany lesson 5 power point on left) Recap Quiz: Pause power point when it tells you to, and have a go:What were the two rebellions that Ebert faced 1919-1920?Which one was the Left-Wing communist rebellion?Which one was the Right-Wing rebellion?Who were the leaders of each rebellion?When were the rebellions?What did Ebert do to deal with the Communist rebellion?What did Ebert do to deal with the Right-Wing rebellion?What happened to Erzberger and Rathenau?Why could Ebert not use the army to deal with the Right-Wing rebellion?What was the cause of the Right-Wing rebellion?Continue listening and make notes: 1923- The French Invasion of the RuhrWhat was the Ruhr and why was it important?Why did the French enter the Ruhr?What did the French intend to do?What can you infer from the Source about what Ebert did in response?/How did the Weimar Government tell the people of the Ruhr to react?What is inflation, and when does it often happen?What impact did the French invasion have on Germany?1923-The Hyperinflation CrisisWhat problems arose from Ebert’s strike actions?What was his solution to this, and which serious problem did this cause?What is Hyperinflation?What can you infer from this photograph?What were the effects of Hyperinflation?Normal Living impossible-People with savings or fixed income-Everyone suffered from shortages-Not everyone suffered-Task 2: How far did economic problems further threaten the stability of the Weimar Republic 1923-1930?Economic crisis Hyperinflation 1923. Read through each stage. Underline key words & add symbols to represent each stage. Label as E for economic &/or P for political consequences. Give mark out of 10 for how things were going for the Weimar Government (10 =brilliantly, 1 =complete disaster.)Stage in developmentsSymbols/illustrationEconomic/ Political ?/101919, Germany was bankrupt. Its gold reserves were spent on the War. The Treaty of Versailles took 10% of Germany’s industry & 15% of its agricultural land, making the economy weaker. This generated opposition to government.E 2/10In 1921 a special commission fixed the Reparations which Germany had to pay at a massive ?6,600 million, to be paid in annual instalmentsIn 1922, the German government was unable to make its first reparations payments. They asked for more time to pay, but the French refused.So, in January 1923, the French and Belgians marched into the Ruhr region of Germany to get payment in kind, by confiscating raw materials and goods, such as coal.The French invasion helped to unite the Germans and temporarily increase support for the Weimar Government, as the focus of anger and resentment was the French & Belgians.Germany responded with Passive Resistance and went on strike, refusing to work for the foreign army of occupation. Some even took direct action, setting factories on fire and sabotaging pumps in mines.Passive Resistance meant that Germany was not producing and selling resources or goods, so it became poorer.So, the German Government started to print more bank notes. However, this simply meant that each bank note was worth less and prices went up: Inflation, once prices rose massively= hyperinflation.By mid-1923, the price of food and fuel went up so fast that employers paid workers twice a day, so they could shop at lunchtime, before prices had risen.In Oct, new Chancellor, Stresemann, called off Passive Resistance & launched a temporary currency (Rentenmark) stabilising the value of German money. In Nov, Stresemann agreed to resume Reparations.This led to increased opposition from right-wing group who saw Stresemann’s actions as a betrayal. Opposition was particularly strong in Bavaria, including the Nazis’ Munich Beer Hall Putsch in Nov 1923.The Government needed the support of the army to deal with this right-wing opposition. To get them on-side, they agreed to depose (get rid of) the left-wing state governments of Saxony and Thuringa.In 1924 the permanent new currency Reichsmark was introduced.The 1924 Dawes Plan, was negotiated between the USA & Germany, supported by France & Britain. It reduced Reparation repayments & included a $3,000 million loan to Germany from US banks.This provided money to rebuild Germany industry & to make Reparations payments, but meant that Germany was dependent on the USA and was seen by some as being dictated to again.Task 3: Match the questions to the answers:Why did Germany particularly struggle to pay the reparations, following the Treaty of Versailles? What did Poincaré (French leader) decide to do, when Germany didn’t pay their reparations? Why were the French particularly keen to get the money from Germany?When did the French and Belgian troops enter the Ruhr? Why were there no German troops to prevent the French invasion of the Ruhr region?What did French and Belgian troops take from the Ruhr? What united the German people? What did the German government encourage the German workers in the region to do? How did the German workers do, beyond passive resistance (striking)?How did the French troops react to the striking workers? How else did the French respond to passive resistance? How did right-wing Germans feel about the Weimar Government’s reaction to the invasion? Was this accurate? What did the German government do, as an emergency reaction to the lack of money? What did this lead to? What was the economic impact of the Ruhr crisis?.A. To confiscate the goods insteadB. Some strikers were shot by French troops, many were arrestedC11th January 1923D. Hatred of the French.E. To pay off their own war debts to AmericaF. Set factories on fire, broke railway lines, sabotaged some machinery, one off attacks on French soldiersG. Passive resistance (striking-refusing to produce goods for the French to take)H. Their wealth-earning areas, such as coalfields in Silesia, & gold reserves, had been taken from themI. Raw materials, manufactured goods & industrial machineryJ. It is in the Rhineland: Treaty of Versailles said Germany wasn’t allowed troops thereK. Angry, felt they should have resist the invasion. But they had no choice. German army= 100,000, French=750,000 L. It increased Germany’s debts and the shortage of goods, made the Germany currency & people’s savings worthlessM. They printed more money to pay their wages & keep the economy working. But it led to extreme inflation, (hyperinflation)N. They sent in their own workers to get things moving, tried to cut off the Ruhr from the rest of Germany, and deported leaders of the passive resistance.Task 4: The impact of hyperinflation on different people.Read the impact of hyperinflation on different groups of people in society. Then identify and explain what their likely attitude towards the government would be: negative, fairly neutral, mixed, positive. Social groupEffects and Impact of hyperinflationBusiness/Rich businessmenThe effects of hyperinflation were positive. Their debts, in terms of bank loans to expand their businesses, were cancelled out. The very Rich had property, land & possessions which were still valuable. If their savings were held abroad, then this money was not affected.Likely attitude towards the government:Fixed income eg pensionThe effects of hyperinflation were very negative for this group. Their pension income and savings became worthless. They were often older people, who had lived most of their lives under the Kaiser,Likely attitude towards the government:Middle ClassThe effects of hyperinflation were negative. Small businesses went bankrupt because goods cost more to buy and customers could not afford the produce. Likely attitude towards the government:YouthThe effects of hyperinflation depended on whether they had a job. If so, their experience was like the workers below. But for others it was quite positive, if they had previously not been employed. The young were able to be flexible. Some took advantage of the situation and started dealing goods, buying up in the morning and selling later for more money.Likely attitude towards the government: Industrial Workers/FarmersThe effects of hyperinflation were mostly negative. Industrial workers’ wages rose very slowly, and did not keep up with inflation, whilst their cost of living spiraled. However, Farmers made more money, as food prices rose. Likely attitude towards the government:Week 6 wb 6/7/20: KT2: Hitler’s rise to power: BP 2.1 Early development of Nazi PartyThe Early Nazi Party, 1919-1922Task 1) Watch the voice over power point. As you watch, note down key information in the spaces on p23-25. This will take about 1 1/2 hour.Find it on YouTube at: (alternative access Germany lesson 6 power point on left) Summarise Hitler’s early story into 50-75 words:Key facts about the DAP (German Worker’s Party) including their beliefs/aims (ideology):Why did Hitler join this party that he was asked to spy on?Why did they number him the 555th member, rather than the true 7th?(If you have time, watch Hitler; The Rise of Evil from 18 mins in, to 28 mins)How did Hitler’s role in the DAP develop over time?The Swastika:25 Point Programme: Just note down the 5 key of the main aims of the programme (don’t do the task that he says)What was the programme designed to do?How was the name of the DAP changed in April 1920? How did the new name reflect their ideology?Hitler’s personal appeal:What is the view of Interpretation 1 is…I can tell this because it says…..I agree with this interpretation because (I know that)….Analysing a Source:NOP the source (Nature-what is it? Origin-when/where from? purpose- why made?)What does this source tell us about Hitler’s place in the DAP?How far can we trust that this view was representative(typical) of all Germans?Spider diagram: NSDAP (Nazi) Party OrganisationHitler’s Nazi Party leadershipJulius Streicher:General Ludendorff:Josef Goebbels:Herman Goering:Rudolf Hess:Ernst Rohm:Heinrich Himmler:Who were the SA (Stormtroopers, also nicknamed Brown-Shirts)? The view of interpretation 2 is…I can tell this because it says…Whereas, the view of interpretation 3 is…I can tell this because it says…The main difference is that.. What did the Nazis stand for in the 1920s?More detailed information on Hitler & the early development of the Nazi PartyTask 2: Who was Adolf Hitler? Color code/label his positive and negative experiences.Birth Hitler was born in Braunau, Austria in 1889. He hated his father, who died when Hitler was 13. He loved and worshipped his mother. However she died when he was 18.EducationHe spent 5 years at primary school, followed by 4 years at middle school, which he hated. He did not do well at school. He described his teachers as ‘absolute tyrants.’ They had no sympathy with youth.’ He left school with no qualifications.ViennaIn 1907 he failed the entrance exams to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. He soon ran out of money and was forced to live in a homeless hostel, raising money by selling hand painted postcards. It was in Vienna when he first developed his hatred of Jews. MunichIn 1913, he moved to Munich because of the high numbers of Jews in Vienna. He also moved to avoid arrest for failing to register for National Service between 1909 and 1912.SoldierIn Feb 1914 he tried to join the army, in Vienna, but was found unfit. Once WWI began, he managed to join. He was a good soldier & won medals for bravery. His officers noticed he was an effective speaker & gave him a job after the war.Task 3: Why and How did Adolf Hitler become leader of the German Workers’ Party? Colour code/label boxes: Motivation, Chance, Appeal of the Party & Hitler’s strengths.Experiences in WWIHe had a very positive experience in the Army, during the War. It strengthened his patriotism. He won two iron cross medals. He was very angry when Germany surrendered and blamed the government and the Jews for letting down the army. (Dolchstoss-stabbed in the back’)Army OpportunityThe army gave him a job after the War, as an informant, checking on extremist groups. One group he was sent to check on was the German Workers’ Party (DAP) He liked what they stood for and joined them, becoming member number 7.Appeal of IdeologyHe joined the DAP party because he was interested in their ideas. Its leader, Anton Drexler, opposed the Treaty of Versailles & represented strong Nationalist ideas, whilst being interested in workers’ needs.AchievementsIn February 1920 Hitler was put in charge of propaganda. He attracted 2,000 people to a meeting that month. He successfully led the meeting, launched a new name (National Socialist German Workers’ Party) & 25 point programme.SkillsHitler showed a real talent for public speaking. He also realised that the media was an effective means of attracting support. Task 4 : The Nazi Party ideas By February 1920 Hitler helped draft the party’s 25 point programme. Match the values to the details from the programme with linesValues/ideologyDetails from the ProgrammeNationalist- Pride in Nation and belief it should be powerful.*We demand that there shall be a strong central leader for the Reich (Germany) .(They believed democracy was weak) *newspapers which challenge the ‘common good’ to be bannedRacist/Anti-Semitic-Viewed Germans as superior/Hatred of Jews.*We demand the nationalisation of all businesses.*Abolition of incomes unearned by work.Socialist/Anti-Capitalist – emphasis on collective needs, not individuals.*Only members of the nation may be citizens of the state…none but those of German blood. *The right of voting is only to be enjoyed by citizens of the State. *All non-German immigration to be stopped.Opposed to Parliamentary Democracy/ Anti- Weimar Republic& Constitution*We demand the union of all Germans, to form a Greater Germany (union with Austria) *We demand the abolition of the Treaty of Versailles *We demand ‘living space’ (Lebensraum) for Germans (in E. Europe)Read through the text, filling in the missing words and underlining key words.Missing words: speech, Brownshirts, violence, gestures, newspaper, paramilitary, Ludendorff, 31, swastika, office, ex-soldiers, membership, loyal, election, workers, photos, orator (speaker), name. Hitler’s Personal AppealHitler became head of Propaganda, within the DAP (The German ____________ Party), in Jan 1920. It was then that he and the leader, Anton Drexler wrote the 25 point programme.Hitler’s personal appeal as an ____________ (________________) was vital in attracting support. He practiced his speeches carefully, building them up to impassioned rages. His ___________ were powerful. He would lean forward, fixing his eyes, and waving his arms vigorously in the air. He had publicity _________ and paintings produced of him in action. He appeared as star-speaker at _____ of the 46 party gatherings Nov 1919-Nov 1920.Party Organisation and growthThe DAP set up a permanent _____________ in Munich. Hitler chose Rudolf Schusser as the first full-time administrator. Meeting were more organised and better advertised. Party membership and funds began to increase. Between June-December 1920, DAP __________________ grew from 1,000-3,000.Hitler suggested a new ___________ for the party. The National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP or Nazi Party for short). The addition of’ National’ and ‘Socialist’ clarified their policies.The logo of the _________________ and the straight armed salute, helped to distinguished them from other small parties, making them memorable.In December they bought up a ____________________ the Volkischer Beobachter (People’s Observer). Within a year, circulation had reached increased from 11,000 to 17,000 copies.Party LeadershipIn July 1921, Hitler force a leadership _______________& won. He carefully selected posts:1Rudolf Hess: a wealthy academic, became Hitler’s deputy2Herman Goering: a young dasher First World War pilot, was put in charge of the SA.3 Julius Streicher: a publisher-founded another Nazi Newspaper Der Sturmer (The Stormer)He was ex-army & already a nationalist politician. He bought his supporters into the NSDAP (Nazis) with him, doubling membership overnight, and extending its geographical coverage. Der Sturmer reached a circulation of 17,000 by 1927, with an extreme anti-Jewish and Anti-Communist message.4 Ernst Rohm: an old ex-army officer, popular with ex-soldiers. He also made links with powerful, influential national figures, such as General ________________.The Role of the SA (Sturmabteilung or Storm Troopers)The SA were formed in Aug 1921. It was a ________________________force (private military style group). Many of the SA were recruited from the unemployed. They were often ______________ (who had been demobilised), or students. They dressed in brown uniforms, and were sometimes known as _____________________. They marched and patrolled the streets, as a show of strength. There were 8000 by Aug 1922. They were used to control the crowds at NSDAP meetings, often using ________ against any opposition. They were also sent to break up meetings of opposition parties. Therefore they strengthened the NSDAP, and also strengthened Hitler in his position of leadership. They were expected to be completely ______________ to him. He chose the most trusted to be his own personal bodyguard (Stosstrupp-Shock Troop). Control: At the party conference (Congress) of Jan 1922, Hitler persuaded members to give up the right to elect their leader. There was no discussion of policy. Hitler dictated policy in a _________ which was 2 and a half hours long. Hitler had complete control over the NSDAP.Week 7 wb 13/7/20:KT2:Hitler’s rise to power:BP 2.2 first half The Munich PutschThe Munich Putsch 1923Task 1) Watch the voice over power point. As you watch, note down key information in the spaces on p28-30. This will take about 1 1/2 hours.Find it on YouTube at: (alternative access Germany lesson 7 power point on left) Recap Quiz: Pause power point when it tells you to, and have a go:Who was the first leader of the DAP?What did the name DAP mean in English?When did Hitler take over as leader of the DAP?What letters did he add to the name, and what did they mean?Who was Hitler’s propaganda leader?What number was Hitler’s DAP membership number and why?What was the 25-point programme of the Party?What did Hitler set up, in Munich, when organising the Party?Who did Hitler try to befriend who had a lot of influence and support of the people?What was set up to interrupt or beat up opposition groups?What was one thing that the Party wanted to get rid of, that was a common desire?Causes of the Munich Putsch:Short TermMedium TermLong TermStory board of events: images with text below:Stresemann…Hitler thought that he could support from…He planned to…On the 8th of Nov Hitler interrupted…Ludendorff makes the mistake of… Kahr…On the 9th, 3000 Nazis…Within a minute…Hitler…(If you have time watch Hitler the Rise of Evil from 55 mins in, to 1hr 13 mins)Why did the Munich Beerhall Putsch fail?Sort his examples (and info from the story board) under these three factor headings:Bad Planning/mistakesLack of supportEffective response from the authorities (Army and local/national government)How did Hitler use his trial to his advantage?Consequences of the Munich Putsch:Short Term Long TermGo back through the notes the Putsch, on the last page and this, and annotate with an F, when it suggests failure, and a S, where it suggests success.Source D (painting): What can you learn from Source… question skills:What impression does this source give you about Hitler’s part in the Munich Putsch?How is it different from what you know?Why do you think that it gives a different impression? (look at who produced it)Usefulness of sources exam question advice:Listen and watch, as he analyses and evaluates several sources, for usefulness, and produces a model answer. As he talks, write down any useful advice that he gives about how to tackle a ‘How useful are Sources ___ and ____ for an enquiry into….?’ question:Task 2) The Munich Beer Hall Putsch 1923 Read through the text, filling in the missing words and underlining key words.Missing words: loyal, crushed, Kahr, solution, continue, dead, meeting, worthless, captured, gunpoint, Mussolini, 50,000, support, weak, betrayed, didn’t.Who were they? The German Workers’ Party was an extreme nationalist group. By 1923 it had changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP/Nazis). Its leader was Adolf Hitler.Why did they oppose the Republic/reasons for the Putsch? Long Term: Nationalist parties like the NSDAP (Nazis) believed the Weimar Government had ___________________ Germany by surrendering in the War (Stabbed in the Back) and signing the Treaty of Versailles. They were angry about the reparations and the loss of colonies. They resented the whole Weimar Republic system.The Bavarian Government State leader ________________ and the state army and police chiefs, von Lossow and von Seisser, were not supporters of the Weimar Government. Hitler believed that he could gain their support for an attempted takeover.Medium Term: Between 1919-1923 the Nazis has been growing in Munich, Bavaria. By 1923 it had_____________ members, and Hitler felt it had become strong enough to take action.The Nazis were inspired by Italian Fascists, led by____________________. They modelled their salute & use of flags on them. Hitler was most impressed by his use of his paramilitary forces(private army) in a ‘March on Rome’, in which he successfully took over control of Italy.Short Term:In 1923, hyperinflation meant people’s saving became ________________. When French troops invaded the Ruhr they arrested, imprisoned and even deported German workers who tried to use passive resistance. The Nazis felt that Germany should have used force, to prevent the French invading. The Weimar Republic seemed __________ and unable to solve people’s problems. However, it was Stresemann’s ________________ to the crisis-end passive resistance in the Ruhr, and started paying reparations again- which really angered the What did they do? On the 8th Nov Bavarian government officials were holding a ____________ in a Beer Hall (Burgerbrau Keller) in Munich. Hitler and famous WWI army General Ludendorff burst-in , with 600 SA. Hitler shot the ceiling with a revolver and stated that he was starting a take-over of Bavaria then Berlin and all over Germany. He took the three main leaders into a side room. At ______________ he demanded that they ___________ him and declare this to the meeting. Later Hitler left, but Ludendorff misjudged their support, and released Kahr, Seisser and Lossow.Meanwhile, Rohm and the SA took over local police and army headquarters. However, the main army barracks remained under army control, which was _____________to the government and authorities.On the 9th, the Nazis gathered to launch their attack on the streets of Munich. It became clear that Kahr and the other leaders were not going to come to support the uprising, and that they had probably organised forces to put down the uprising. However, Hitler decided to ____________ anyway, with Ludendorff, Goering, and Rohm, 1,000 SA and 2,000 ‘supporters’, who were paid with stolen money to join. They marched through the streets assuming they would draw support from the local people and officials, but ________.By what methods did the Government deal with them, and how successfully? The Putsch was_______________ by armed police and army, who remained loyal to the state government. It ended in a gun battle. Reports vary, but between 3-4 police and 14-16 marchers were shot ___________. Most of the rebels fled and hid, many in a nearby girls’ school. Goering was shot in the leg but escaped, Ludendorff surrendered, Rohm & Streicher were arrested, Hitler fled, but was _____________ two days later, having been discovered hiding at the house of a friend.Why did the Munich Beer Hall Putsch fail? Read through the text, filling in the missing words and underlining key words.Missing words: humiliation, released, outgunned, write, banned, trial, leaders, opposition, treason, not, support.Hitler significantly over estimated __________for the Nazis, most townsfolk remained indifferent. He put too much faith in Kahr and the other Bavarian_________, who failed to turn up in support. The army and police did ______ join the Putsch, as Hitler had hoped.The Nazis were completely__________________, having only 2,000 rifles. What were the consequences and significant of the Putsch? Ludendorff was not found guilty, due to the support of the judge. However, Hitler & three others were found guilty of _____________& sentenced to 5 years in Landsburg prison and the NSDAP (Nazis) was ___________.In the short term the Munich Putsch was a defeat and a ___________________. The Nazis appeared to have been crushed. It showed that the Republic was able to withstand and crush another attempted take-over. However, it revealed that the Republic had continued ______________from the Right. Hitler used the _____________as a platform for giving a speech, which gained national publicity and international press coverage. The Judge showed significant sympathy for the Nazi cause, giving Hitler only the minimum sentence, and allowing his ________________after only 9 months. Hitler used his time in prison to ____________Mein Kampf (his book, My Struggle) and to develop his ideas to try to gain power using legal means. The ban on the NSDAP was lifted by 1925.45184163473548Consequences00Consequences4553944112699Causes00Causes377694343566The consequences of the Munich Putsch on the Nazi PartyCategorise the consequences of the Munich Putsch into Positive and Negative: Hitler’s trial was a propaganda success for the Nazi Party- Hitler made himself known nationally and won support from other Nationalists for his views. Hitler realised he needed complete control of the Party to guarantee its future success.Hitler realised that illegal coups didn’t work to seize power and that he would need to use legal means to challenge for government. He needed to build a party nationwide to obtain support democratically. Whilst in Landsberg open prison Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, which clearly set out his political views-Lebensraum- ‘living space’-a greater Germany, abolition of Versailles Treaty, Anti-Semitism, Jews & ‘volksgemeinschaft’ a strong German community.The NSDAP were banned. The ban on the NSDAP was lifted in February 1925 – name had been changed to Nazi Party, they won 12 seats in the Reichstag elections of May 1924. Ludendorff was not found guilty as he had the support of the judge- there was enough evidence.Hitler and 3 others were found guilty of the Putsch and sentenced to 5 years in prison in Landsberg.Hitler was released after 9 months in an open prison, where he could wear his own clothes, have visitors and he wrote a book! Give two things you can infer from Source A about Hitler’s views on Politics (4 marks)Source A: comments made by Hitler as a prisoner in Landsberg. He is speaking to a fellow Nazi inmate‘When I resume active work, it will be necessary to follow a new policy. Instead of working to achieve power by armed conspiracy, we shall have to hold our noses and enter parliament against the Catholic and Communist members. If out-voting them takes longer than out-shooting them, at least the results will be guaranteed by their own constitution. Sooner or later, we shall have a majority in parliament’. Inference 1:How I would support (quote):Inference 2: How I would support (quote)t: GCSE Pod Tasks: Go to GCSEpod. Find Edexcel History (9-1) Paper 3 Modern Depth Study. Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918-39 The Weimar Republic 1918-29. Note additional detail to what is in this booklet. TitleDetailsImmediate Impact of the First World War on Germany.The Treaty of Versailles and its effects on Germany.Political Challenges from the Left and Right.The Nature of the Weimar Republic.Occupation of the RuhrThe Founding of the Nazi PartyNazi Aims and Tactics.The Munich Putsch ................
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