DoDEA



Compare & ContrastBenefits of using the strategy: Compare & ContrastComparative thinking-teaches students to conduct careful and thoughtful comparative analysis in four parative reading-develops students’ abilities to read two texts against each other draw out common ideas and identify the biggest differences.A best bet for raising student achievementSteps for the strategy: Compare & ContrastPhase 1: DescriptionBegin with a hookProvide clear criteria for students to describe itemsRemind students to describe each item separately; do not compare yet. Model this.Phase 2: ComparisonUse descriptions and criteria from Phase 1 to search for important similarities and differences.Use Top Hat Organizer.Phase 3: ConclusionMake students really think and help them draw conclusions by asking questions likeAre the two items more alike or more different?What is the most important difference? Think of some causes and effects of this difference.What conclusions can you draw?Phase 4: ApplicationHave students apply their learning by creating a product or completing a task.Move students toward independence by teaching them how to formulate criteria, describe items, determine key similarities and differences, and reflect on their learning.As you plan for the strategy: Compare & ContrastAsk the following questions as you begin to plan:What standards will be addressed?Why am I engaging students in this comparison?What paired concepts or texts will naturally heighten understanding when considered together?What criteria will students use to describe the items?How will I facilitate discussion and help students draw conclusions?What type of synthesis task can I prepare that will enable students to demonstrate and transfer their learning in a meaningful way?Reference: The Core Six by Silver, Dewing, Perini 43912473423508Use Description Organizer00Use Description Organizer48165493476847Use Top Hat Organizer00Use Top Hat Organizer51993213528725Use an index card00Use an index card41148003540642Use Comparative Writing Framework00Use Comparative Writing FrameworkDescription Organizer for Ellis Island and Angel IslandEllis IslandCriteriaAngel IslandLocationYears of activityOrigin of immigrants entering locationExperience for immigrantsLegislation/congressional actions in placePresent day status Top Hat Organizer for Ellis Island and Angel IslandEllis IslandAngel Island7442819508Similarities00Similarities7442819681900Comparative Writing FrameworkWe are comparing and contrasting _____________________________ and ___________________________________. Although ______________________________ and ___________________________ are different, they are alike in some ways. For example _________________________________ and ___________________________________ are both ___________________________. There are some interesting differences between ___________________________________ and ______________________________. For example, ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.[Concluding sentence:] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Compare & Contrast Reading Passage (1)Ellis Island, in the upper bay of New York City's harbor, is famous as the gateway to the United States. More than 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1954. In the?immigration?center's Great Hall, immigrants filled out papers declaring their identity and place of origin and underwent physical examinations so that authorities could weed out any who were sick, mentally ill, or otherwise "undesirable." The overwhelming majority of these immigrants were European, and the largest two groups were from Russia and Italy.Ellis Island officially opened as an immigration station on January 1, 1892. In the peak years between its opening and 1924, Ellis Island received thousands of immigrants a day; it expanded over time to include 27 acres supporting more than thirty buildings. While first- and second-class passengers were inspected on board ship before being transferred to?New York, steerage passengers were packed on barges or ferries that took them to Ellis Island. For the vast majority, the processing in Ellis Island's Main Building lasted no more than a day. Immigrants waited in long lines to be observed by medical officers in what became known as the "six-second physical," and then in another line for legal inspection. In the latter, they had to confirm, usually in a couple of minutes, the information declared about them on the ship's manifest.The federal Immigration Act of 1917 required that every immigrant over the age of 14 be able to read. Thus, immigrants from that year on were given a simple reading test in their native language. Perhaps 20% of the immigrants were detained for further inspection for health and other reasons, but in the end, only 2% of the immigrants seeking admission to America were turned away. Once cleared through Ellis Island, immigrants went by ferry to Manhattan or took barges to train terminals in?New Jersey, where they continued on to destinations throughout the country.By the late 1920s, Ellis Island no longer served as a mass processing station. Restrictive immigration laws had drastically reduced European immigration, and a new provision required the inspection of immigrants at the American consular office in the country of origin rather than after arrival in the United States. Ellis Island became a detention and deportation center for "undesirable" illegal immigrants; it was also used as a hospital for wounded servicemen during?World War I?and?World War II, and part of the island was a?U.S. Coast Guard?training facility. The government closed the island in 1954, and it was abandoned for more than 20 years.In 1990, after a six-year, $170 million renovation, the Ellis Island Immigration Museum was opened in the restored main building. The museum now receives more than a million visitors a year. While Ellis Island continues to be associated with New York in the popular imagination, in the late 1990s most of the island officially became part of the state of New Jersey.Nancy FonerFurther ReadingCoan, Peter Morton.?Ellis Island Interviews: Immigrants Tell their Stories in Their Own Words. New York: Barnes & Noble, 2004; Moreno, Barry.?Encyclopedia of Ellis Island.?Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2004; Pitkin, Thomas.Keepers of the Gate: The History of Ellis Island. New York: New York University Press, 1975; Yans-McLaughlin, Virginia, and Marjorie Lightman.?Ellis Island and the Peopling of America: The Official Guide. New York: The New Press, 1997.MLA CitationFoner, Nancy. "Ellis Island."?American History,?ABC-CLIO,?2016, americanhistory.Search/Display/1298142. Accessed 5 Aug. pare & Contrast Reading Passage (1)Often referred to as the "Ellis Island of the West Coast,"?Angel Island served as an immigration processing center from 1910 until 1940. Unlike Ellis Island, however, the purpose of Angel Island was the enforcement of restrictive immigration acts passed at the end of the 19th century.?Located a mile off the Tiburon Peninsula, Angel Island is the largest island in the San Francisco Bay. The site was home to the Miwok Indians for several thousand years prior to the arrival of Spanish explorers in the late 18th century. Juan Manuel de Ayala named the island "Isla de los Angeles" (meaning Angel Island) upon sailing into the bay in 1775.?San Francisco served as the West Coast port of entry for thousands of immigrants beginning in the mid-19th century with the advent of the gold rush. Prior to the opening of Angel Island in 1910, immigration processing had occurred at the Pacific Mail Steamship Company in an old dilapidated shed on the wharf. However, in 1903, the U.S. general of immigration launched an investigation of that site, finding the center to be unsanitary and cramped. As a result, Angel Island was selected as the new site for immigration processing. The island's remote nature kept newcomers isolated, thus preventing the transmission of disease or communications.Unlike Ellis Island, its East Coast counterpart, Angel Island was designated primarily to enforce restrictive immigration acts, especially the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) and the Gentlemen's Agreement (1907). Construction of the immigration station, consisting of an administration building, barracks for housing, a hospital, and a power plant, began in earnest in 1905 with a $250,000 allocation from Congress. On January 21, 1910, Angel Island officially opened with the processing of several Chinese, Indian, and Japanese immigrants.?After arriving on Angel Island, immigrants were sorted according to ethnicity, race, and gender, as all Asian immigrants were separated by country of origin. Immigrants received a physical examination at the center's hospital. Those deemed healthy would be readied for an interrogation. Those deemed unfit would be hospitalized or deported. Because of the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act banning all Chinese laborers and their dependents, Chinese immigrants devised loopholes for entrance into the country, taking advantage of what was known as "paper son" status. Documents claiming lineage to a Chinese merchant already in the United States were falsified and sold in home villages. Thus, on reaching Angel Island, a lengthy, often grueling interrogation ensued with immigration officers asking a range of questions from details about home villages to explicating genealogy. Approximately 175,000 Chinese immigrants were processed at Angel Island, though overall immigration figures are difficult to ascertain.The immigration station remained open until 1940 when the administration building burned to the ground. Decades later, in 1970, a park ranger came across Chinese poetry etched in the walls of the barracks, which eventually generated interest in preserving the immigration station as a historic site. In 1983, the Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation was established to help preserve the island as a historic site. In 1997, it became a national historic landmark and is currently in the midst of a massive restoration project.Further ReadingAngel Island State Park Web site. ; Daniels, Roger. "No Lamps Were Lit For Them: Angel Island and the Historiography of Asian American Immigration."?Journal of American Ethnic History, September 22, 1997; Gee, Jennifer. "Sifting the Arrivals: Asian Immigrants and the Angel Island Immigration Station, San Francisco, 1910-1940." (PhD dissertation, Stanford University, 1999)MLA Citation "Angel Island."?American History,?ABC-CLIO,?2016, americanhistory.Search/Display/1325694. Accessed 5 Aug. 2016. ................
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