Gas BurnerTechnology Gas BurnerDesign forApplication
[Pages:40]Gas Burner Technology &
Gas Burner Design for Application
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Dr. Gunther Bethold
Managing Director
Dr.Luca Barozzi Ing. Massimo Dotti Ing. Massimo Gilioli Dr. Gabriele Gangale
Engineering Staff
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Index
What is a burner Combustion Reaction & Products
Chemical reaction Heat output Emissions NOX and CO Heat Transfer Effects Design for Application CFD calculation on flow ? mixing and burner temperature Longetivity Noise Test Gas and Interchangeability Test conditions ? qualification of a burner Gas quality ? influence on burner
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What is a Burner?
Device which enables a chemical reaction of fuel and oxidizer (usually Oxygen from air) to produce heat in a
controlled way.
wall hung boilers storage water heater
cookers
decorative fireplaces hot air generator washer
Heater or dryer for industrial application ( steel , glass, food )
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Combustion Reaction & Products
Theoretical Stoichiometric Combustion
complete oxidation of a fuel with no excess air (lambda = ratio air/gas =1):
(e.g. global reaction Methane & Propane)
CH4 + 2(O2 + 3.76N2) CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2 -889kJ
C3H8 + 5(O2 + 3.76N2) 3CO2 + 4H2O + 18.7N2 ? 2220 kJ Standard conditions 1 atm. and 25 C
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Combustion Reaction & Products
In reality : Complete real mechanism is composed of thousands of reactions
Not all reaction come to full completion, giving as a result pollutant emissions
Heat
CO2 H2O
NOx CO
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Combustion Reaction & Products
Higher (HHV) and Lower (LHV) Heating values
HHV = LHV + hv x (nH2O,out/nfuel,in) hv : heat of vaporization of water, nH2O,out : moles of water vaporized nfuel,in: moles of fuel combusted
Fuel
HHV MJ/kg
Hydrogen 141.80
Methane 55.50
Ethane 51.90
Propane 50.35
Butane 49.50
HHV BTU/lb 61,000 23,900 22,400 21,700 20,900
HHV kJ/mol 286 889 1,560 2,220 2,877
LHV MJ/kg 121.00 50.00 47.80 46.35 45.75
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Combustion Reaction & Products
? CH4 + 2(O2 + 3.76N2) CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2 + enthalpy ? CO2 max %= 1 / (1 + 7,52) x 100 = 11,46 % (dry condition) you need to get the water out of the exhaust gas for the analysis ? damage of instrument ? O2 % = 21% for no combustion, = 0% for complete combustion ? O2 % = 21% ? 21/11,46 x CO2 meas. %
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