Summer Science Lesson Plan: Acids and Bases
Summer Science Lesson Plan: Acids and Bases
Overview/Motivation:
• Expose the students to acids and bases
• Learn what common things are acidic and basic
• Learn how indicators are used to determine acidity and basicity
Materials:
• Red Cabbage Juice (for indicator, prepared ahead of time)
o ½ head of red cabbage grated (or diced)
o Boil in pot of water for 20-30 minutes to produce juice (must strain off cabbage), which should be purple in color
o pH scale:
▪ 2 – Red
▪ 4 – Purple
▪ 6 – Violet
▪ 8 – Blue
▪ 10 – Blue/Green
▪ 12 – Green/Yellow
• Things to test for acidity/basicity
o Coke (maybe Sprite or 7-Up to get rid of color)
o Bleach
o Vinegar
o Baking Soda (dissolved in water)
o Lemon Juice
o Tums/Rolaids
o Ammonia
o Milk
o Detergent
o Water
• Plastic cups for mixing
• Pan to put under baking soda/vinegar experiment at end
Goals:
• Students should leave with a basic understanding of acids, bases, indicators, and their applications in life
• They should understand the possible outcomes of acid/base reactions
Vocabulary:
• Acid (I’m having trouble getting a good definition at a child’s level for these)
o Taste sour
• Base
o Taste bitter
o Feel slippery
• Indicator
o Substance that changes color when mixed with something to reflect whether what was added was basic or acidic
• Reaction
o What happens when two substances are mixed together
Introduction:
• Bring out bowl of cabbage juice, ask children what they think it is
• Tell them it is red cabbage juice, which can be used to tell the difference between two special kinds of substances, acids and bases
• Ask if they know what acid is
• Explain that acids are usually things that are sour, and that some can be dangerous while others are totally normal things that they encounter every day
• Ask if anyone knows what a base is
• Tell them that bases usually taste bitter, make their hands feel slippery, and like acids, occur as things they encounter every day, but can also be very dangerous
• Tell them that they will now do some experiments to find out what common things are acids, and what common things are bases
Demonstration:
• Put the children in pairs or groups of threes, depending on how many are in the class and how much supplies we have
• Set up 9 cups for each group, and pour some red cabbage juice into each cup
• As a group, take some coke and pour it into the cabbage juice
• Ask the children what happened to the color of the cabbage juice (it should turn more red, as coke is relatively acidic)
• Tell them that because it turned red, this means that coke is an acid (can add something about how if you leave a tooth in coke for a week or 2, it will dissolve, and so on)
• Repeat for each of the different products
Discussion:
• Explain to the children the role of acids and bases in their everyday lives
• Ask them what they think acids are used for after doing the experiment
• Ask them the same for bases
• Remind them that not everything is an acid or base, but that some things are neutral (like water)
Q/A:
• Let them ask any questions that they have
• After questions are over, quickly tell them that when acids and bases mix together, a variety of reactions can occur, some of them being very dangerous, and others being cool to watch
• At this point, mix vinegar and baking soda together to make the volcano-like eruption for the children (hopefully leaving them excited and interested)
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