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Chapter 3 Practice QuestionsThe following questions have been prepared by the UTA – they are not extensive and should only be used as an aid in studying. Please consult with me if you have any questions. NOTE: Your exam will be entirely multiple choice. You will not see open ended questions but being able to answer the open-ended questions below will prepare you for the exam. Answers will be given directly for multiple choice questions and slide numbers will be given for open-ended questions.______________________________________________________________________________Natural selection isfixedrandomdynamicirreversibleNatural selection acts on ____ but evolution occurs in _____. populations; individualsindividuals; populationspopulations; familiesfamilies; populationsNatural selection acts on ____ but evolution changes _____. phenotypes; allele frequenciesphenotypes; genotypesallele frequencies; phenotypesgenotypes; phenotypesNatural selection increasescomplexityadaptationssimplicitysizeIndividuals in a species evolve to conditions…In their pastIn their presentIn their futureIndividuals do not evolveWhich of the following was NOT a problem faced by Darwin prior to the acceptance of his ideas of evolution by natural selection?He did not know how variability was created.He did not know how traits were inherited.People had nothing better to believe in.He could not prove that the Earth was old enough for his theories to be trueThe origin of higher species and taxa (__________) can be explained in terms of natural selection acting on individuals and changing populations (__________).HHmicroevolution; macroevolutionmacroevolution; microevolutionFor questions 8-10, there may be more than one correct answer._______ must be used to make scientific decisions.faithideasbeliefsevidenceA scientific theorydoes not rely on unsupported speculation.is based on using reasoning and evidence to explain a wide variety of observationscan be proven.eventually becomes a law of nature.can be revised as new hypotheses are tested and new data is collected.What aspects of our lives does evolution move directly influence?SurvivalLife expectancyReproductionFood acquisitionName Darwin’s Four Postulates. Slide 3, 55-56Explain how HIV’s development of AZT resistance satisfies these postulates. Slide 5True or false: All postulates must be independently verified. Support your answer. Slide 6Is “survival of the fittest” a good way to describe natural selection? Support your answer. Slide 3Describe domestication and give an example of this concept. Your example can be real (from this class or your outside knowledge) or made up. Slides 7-9Define Darwinian fitness. Slide 10Two populations of the same species of frog are accidentally released on Memory Mall: one is light green and the other is dark green. Hearing the commotion, a bunch of sandhill cranes join the party and begin eating the frogs. The cranes are able to see the dark green frogs better against the light green grass. What do you expect to happen to the population of dark green frogs and why? The population of light green frogs and why? What do you expect to see in the next generation and why? Slide 13What is heritability? Why is it important? Why is it difficult to measure? Slides 22-24Explain the statement “Natural selection is dynamic.” Slide 29, 32True or false: When HIV virions are exposed to AZT, the individual virions change in order to survive in the presence of AZT and this leads to AZT resistance. Explain your answer. Slide 36Explain the statement “Natural selection is backward looking.” Slide 38Describe one way that natural selection can produce new traits while acting on existing traits. Your example can be real (from this class or your outside knowledge) or made up. Slide 39-41Briefly describe an adaptation, a preadaptation, and the relationship between the two. Slide 42-44Explain the statement “Natural selection is not perfect.” Slide 44Give an example of imperfect natural selection. What would make your example perfect?Describe one of the problems that Darwin’s ideas faced based on prior knowledge during his time (hint: there are 3). Describe how the belief was challenged, the evidence to support or rebuff it, and what we now know. Slides 47-50Describe what it means for a trait to “skip a generation.” Slide 49 – not written but spoken by Dr. Mason during lecture recordingTrue or false: There is only one cause of natural selection. Justify your answer. Slide 57Give one argument against evolution posed by scientific creationism. Provide evidence against this argument. Slides 64-80Theory is often used in everyday language – i.e. “I have a theory about how to solve this problem.” Describe how a scientific theory is different from an everyday theory. Give an example of a scientific theory. Slide 75 ................
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