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INDIAN HEAD MASSAGE ASSIGNMENTWhat is the definition of Indian head massage?An Indian Head massage involves the nourishment of tissues on the head. It improves and encourages healing. The flow of oxygen is increased and so are the nutrients though the arterial circulation, while waste is removed quicker by the venous flow. Other effects include:The relaxation of muscles and nerve fibres in the head, neck and shoulders.The flow of the lymphatic flow is increased to the head, neck and shoulders.Release of slack energy.Tensions in the eye muscles are soothed and relaxed. Restriction in the muscle, spasms and adhesions are removed. The supply of oxygen to the brain is increased.Energy flow is brought back and improved. Stimulates the release of endorphins from the brain. Circulation flow is increased to the skin, hair and scalp.What could be some of the long term benefits of Indian Head Massage?The long term benefits do the following :Reduce and ease effects of depression and anxiety.Lighten stress and muscular tension.Soothe headaches, neck and back ache.Relieve eyestrain discomfort. Reduce mental and physical strain.Improve concentration levels, memory and mental alertnessIncrease energy levels that help to improve ANISATIONAL AND LEGAL REQUIRMENTSList 3 considerations the therapist must abide by in the Code of Ethics:1 Speak and act to the client in a professional manner. Be courteous and respectful at all times. 2. Always have respect for religious, spiritual, social or political views of the client, regardless of creed, race, colour or sex.3. Be organised and keep correct updated records. These include records of treatment, advice given, confidential details, medical history and relevant dates. List three laws that directly affect the therapist.1. Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) - upholds the protection of self-employed people and employees. Each area of work should follow the standards of health and safety and welfare. The employer is legally responsible for administering the Act to ensure that the standards are met and carried out successfully to keep the workplace and workers safe. 2. Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation (RIDDOR) – (1995) – states the requirement of the employer to inform the local enforcement officer, in writing in the case of an injury, while at work resulting in absence from work for 3 days. All cases of personal injury need to be reported and logged into a workplace accident book. This applies to visitors also. 3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Work regulation (1992) – requires the manager to have a thorough risk assessment and the proper protective equipment to all employees working in areas where they may be at risk of injury or health in work hours. The regulation involves the following requirements:-Assess the need for use of PPE.-Supply protective clothing or equipment free of charge-Train staff in use of PPE-Ensure that equipment is well maintained & fit for workWhat are your legal responsibilities when working with minors?Children Act – Legislation for protecting minors (1989) – is an important act that upholds the treatment of children. The act protects children and provides them their rights to voice their feelings, opinions and be treated with respect and recognised as individuals. When working with minors the therapist should follow these sets of practices:Children’s welfare in both private and public sectors is made a priorityThe therapist should provide signed consent from the parents when working with minorThe treatment should not be done unsupervised but with a parent or carer present Any sign of bruising on the child and welfare concerns should be recorded The criminal Record Bureau may be consulted by employer of people with access to minors.What are your organisational requirements for the removal of waste? The Environmental Protection Act (1990) – states that all waste needs to be disposed of in a covered bin and removed daily. All waste concerning body fluids should be placed into a yellow bin liner or a yellow sharps container depending on quantity. This will later on be collected and incinerated at an appropriate site. What are your responsibilities as a therapist towards the Data Protection Act?The Date Protection Act (1984) – protects the client’s data details, the therapist is required to comply and respect the act. It’s important for the therapist to properly follow rules to avoid incorrect data and negatively affecting people’s lives. There are eight principles of good practice that shoud be followed.When processing data on the computer it should be:Fairly and lawfully processedAcurate SecureProcessed for limited purporses.Adequate, relevant and not execessiveKept only as necessaryProcessed according to the data subjects rightsOnly transferred to countries outside the EU with adequate protection Explain the importance of professional image when regarding personal hygiene and appearance: When working in close proximity as therapists do to with their clients, it’s extremely important to upkeep and pay special attention to personal hygiene. To do so successfully the therapist should:- Take a daily shower or bath- Apply an effective antiperspirant- Teeth should be clean and mouthwash used if needed- Hair needs to be kept clean and tied back off the face- Uniform and shoes should be kept spotlessly clean- Shoes need to be comfortable to prevent aching backs- Hands should be kept clean and nails short- Nails enamel should not be worn since some clients may have an allergy to it. It may also chip during the treatment which will look unprofessional.Explain briefly the procedure for client preparation:Make sure the client is prepared for the treatment by performing a consultation.Create an individual treatment plan for the client.Direct the client into the proper position, seat them comfortably in a chair and place their legs uncrossed and placed on the ground.Drape the towel over the back of the chair and have a clean towel ready for placing over the shoulders for a scalp massage.Ensure the client removes any jewellery that could get in the way during the treatment and or glasses.Ask the client to brush their hair to remove any residue of hairspray and mousse and to also remove face make up.If the client has long hair it needs to be tied up with a appropriate clip.Explain the importance of the service time for an Indian Head Massage treatment:For each treatment there is a calculated estimate of how long each one should take so that the charged price is correct and profitable. The therapist should be able to complete the treatment in the agreed time to prevent:-Time wastage in the salon- Disruption to the client’s schedule- The client is not left waiting- An effective appointment system is in placeWhat are your organisations requirements for cleaning and maintenance of the working environment?It is the therapist’s responsibility to keep a clean and hygienic environment in the workplace. The requirements include:A understanding and compliance of legislative and workplace rulesPrevent cross-infection and contaminationUpkeep a smart and hygienic appearance (also personal hygiene)Disinfect equipment every time after use Waste should be disposed off properly and regularly in a sealed binBoost the clients confidenceCuts and abrasions need to be covered with a waterproof plasterAny jewellery should be removed both from the therapist and clientMaterials and consumables need to be clean and hygienic making sure that all container tops are securely closedThe therapists should wash their hands with antibacterial soap/hands cleanser before and after each clientHOW TO WORK SAFELY AND EFFECTIVELY WHEN PROVIDING INDIAN HEADMASSAGEWhy is it important to provide a suitable treatment environment?The client should feel comfortable and relaxed while being treated. To ensure this the treatment area should be clean and warm. The temperature needs to be agreeable for the client and therapist, around 18? and 21? C. The area should be well ventilated to create a hygienic environment free of cross infections which spread through airborne spores, drowsiness due to carbon dioxide- saturated air and the removal of stale smells and odours.Lighting needs to be soft, the décor should be subtle and non-gender biased. Outside noise should not be disruptive and relaxing background music should be set to low and selected for relaxation.Pillows and towels should be put over the couch and covered with a disposable paper roll; this supports and provides comfort for the client. All equipment and materials for the treatment should be ready to use on the trolley before the treatment.What considerations do you take when preparing the environment?To provide a relaxing environment that will make the client feel at ease it’s important to have suitable soft lightning, a well ventilated room, comfortable room temperature, relaxing ambience, quiet relaxing music in the background, clean towels, bed rolls, a blanket, record card and pen, the products you use for treatment should be placed on the trolley in the order they have to be used.Why is it important to maintain the client’s modesty and privacy?The client needs to feel secure and relaxed in the environment or they may not enjoy the treatment. The therapist should maintain the client’s modesty by closing the curtain during changing, keep the record card private and confidential, speak with a lowered voice, use the towels to keep the clients modesty and give the client privacy when they prepare. Why is it important to cleanse the hands before treatment? Hands should be thoroughly cleaned on the regular to avoid and prevent any cross-infection and or contamination. Cleanliness keeps the workplace, the client and the therapist free from infection.Why is it important to position the client correctly during the treatment?Placing the client into the intended correct position avoids injuries, strains and keeps the client comfortable, so that they can get the most out of the treatment and be able to relax fully. The client is in a seated position to allow the therapist to freely move around and work the upper body. Before the treatment the therapist will ask the client to remove the top half of their clothes and wrap a towel around their torso, so that the neck and shoulders can be massaged comfortably. The client will then sit in an upright chair and the therapist will then tell the client to place their feet flat on the floor, hands placed on the lap and eyes closed, this ensures the most comfort. Why is it important to maintain the correct standing posture during Indian Head massage?The correct posture allows the most efficient and effective method with the least strain for the therapist when performing an Indian Head Massage. It may be difficult for the therapist to go from massaging clients on a coach in a lying position to a seated one so it’s vital to make the correct adjustments. A properly positioned stance will increase the effectiveness of the massage and help to avoid repetitive strain injury, decrease fatigue and create more comfort for the therapist. To carry out the massage successfully in the correct position the therapist should:Check and make sure to adjust the chair height if needed to. The right height will allow the therapist to use their body weight effectively to create pressure. Wear low heeled shoes that have good support. Have their back straight by tilting the pelvis forward.Lunge to create pressure by using body weight effectively.Keep the shoulders and upper back relaxed and avoid raising shoulders to ears.Keep the feet firmly on the ground.Bend the knees slightly; avoid too much pressure on the knees and being careful to not lock them in the straight position.Keep wrists straight.Avoid extending the joints beyond their normal movement.To keep the body in correct alignment by maintaining the head upright over the neck and shoulders.Not spend too much time looking down.Take breaks in between clients to stretch the neck, shake out arms and relax before working on another treatment.Change the massage techniques and varying hand and foot places.Have regular stretching exercise to keep the body working at the best level. How can RSI affect the therapist?Repetitive strain injury shortened to RSI is a result of not following the suggested correct position during treatments. Due to this muscles and ligament can become overstretched and overused causing them to result in repetitive strain injury. When this happens the therapist may be unable to work in short term and even long term occupation. To avoid RSI it’s advised that the therapist stretches the muscles in the neck, shoulders, back, arms and hands. When doing stretching exercises it’s important to do so slowly to prevent muscle fibre damage. CLIENT CONSULTATIONWhy is it important to encourage clients to ask questions?Encouraging the clients to ask questions in the consultation will help the therapist to determine what would work best for the client. With the clients feedback the therapist can know what techniques can be changed and improved on to provide the best treatment possible. The feedback can be visual, verbal, written on a record card, a questionnaire or a comments box.During the consultation the therapist should inform the client on the treatment and note any contra actions and contra indications. The therapist should also explain the physical, physiological and emotional effects of the Indian Head massage and what you hope to achieve in the treatment. When the therapist has built up trust with the client then they can introduce the concept of chakra and emotional balancing and how they can be cleansed. At the end of the treatment the therapist should also make note of the client’s feedback and any contra-actions that take place. And to also review the treatment and it’s effectiveness in the massage and use this to evaluate the results. Why is it important to record client responses?After the treatment is completed recording the client’s response on how they felt, how happy they were and any benefits they’ve noticed will help the therapist to evaluate themselves and their performance to improve in the future. By recording responses the therapist can see what areas they need to better in and perfect their skills. What is the importance of medical liaison?A medical liaison is way of getting information about the client’s medical history. Knowing these details will allow the therapist to work with the client’s needs and adapt treatments if necessary. Important medical information includes any operation details, muscular or skeletal problems, digestive problems, circulation, gynaecological problems, nervous problem, immune problem, and allergies (asthma, hay fever, epilepsy, diabetes etc.). Other information to note is whether the client smokes, undergoing medical treatment, on medication or drugs.How does the therapist visually assess the physical characteristics in the range?In the consultation the therapist will need to look for visual signs that the client may show for example their posture, facial expression and breathing rate. All of these signs that cannot be know from just the recording paperwork. To visually check the client’s physical characteristics the therapist can carry out a postural analysis, when the client stands it gives the therapist a better view of the posterior, anterior and lateral view. When checking the posture the therapist will focus on certain points in the back, the scapular should not stick out on either side, the spine should straight with no sign of scoliosis and the hips should be level. The knees and ankles should be level with no sign of swelling. When looking at the client from the side view the chin should not lean forward, no hump at the top of the back, the abdominal muscles are not protruding and weak, the pelvis is not tilted and the feet should be flat. Viewing the client from the front the therapist should see if the shoulders curve inwards which is a sign of bad posture, check the waist, hips and knee levels. Checking the client when they’re sat down the therapist should check the level of the spine and shoulders. As well as checking for visual contra-indication.Describe three possible postural conditions affecting the client:Lordosis – is the excessive increased inward curvature of the lumbar spine. The condition is recognised by the pelvis being tilted forward since the back is hollow the abdomen and buttocks protrude and the knees can be hyperextended. Problems include the tightening of the back muscles with the weakening of abdominal muscles. Due to the anterior tilt of the pelvis hamstring problems are highly likely. Gaining weigh or pregnancy may cause or worsen the condition. Kyphosis – is an abnormal outward increase of the curvature in the thoracic spine. The back looks round due as the shoulders point forward and the head moves. It’s common for the pectoral muscles to tighten. Scoliosis – is the lateral curvature of vertebral column that can be to the left or right side. The condition can be recognised by the non equal leg length, distorted rib cage, unequal position of the hips or shoulders and curvature of the spine usually in the thoracic region. Poor posture may have the following effects on the body:Create negative changes to the body functions and movementWaste energyIncrease in fatigueIncreased risk of backache and headacheImpaired breathingIncreased risk of muscular ligament or joint injuryAffect circulationAffect digestionGive a poor physical appearance.List 3 common skin conditions:Acne vulgaris – is an inflammatory fairly common disorder of the sebaceous glands that results in the overproduction of sebum. The face, chest and back are affected and symptoms include comedones, papules and in more serious cases cysts and scars. It happens mostly at puberty brought on essentially by androgen and stays for a long period of time. Rosacea – is an inflammatory disease of the face, making it look excessively red. The condition begins slowly with flushed cheeks and nose and as it advances it could become pustular. It can be worsened by hot spicy food, hot drinks, alcohol, menopause and stress.Sebaceous cyst – is a round nodular lesion that has a smooth, shiny surface that develops from the sebaceous gland. They commonly appear on the face, neck, scalp and back. They are located in the dermis and are different in size from 5 to 50 mm. The cause is not known. List 3 skin types: Dry skin – is typically common in mature skin but can be found on skin of all ages. It occurs when the sebaceous glands of the skin are under active and don’t create the sufficient amount of sebum. It can be caused also by using harsh products that cause the skin to become dry. The skin will often have the following effects:Dry flaky patches, that can be red and irritatedTight poresEyebrow dandruffMiliaOily skin – commonly occurs during teenage years but can affect all ages of skin. This skin type is caused by overactive sebaceous glands that are controlled by hormone levels. Symptoms include:Open poresPapules (red spots)Pustules (pustular spot)ComedonesSeborrhoea producing a greasy shineA build up dead skin cells that make the skin look coarse in textureCombination skin type – is the two combined skin types that commonly characterised by:An oily T zone on the forehead, nose and chin. With comedones, papules, pustules, open pores and a greasy shine. The cheek and neck can be normal or dry. What can be some of the beneficial effects of improving lifestyle?Changing lifestyles for the better by eating healthy and doing regular exercises can benefit both the body and mind. Exercise improves energy levels and stamina. It’s been known to tone and get rid of cellulite, as well as being relaxing and helpful for people with circulatory problems.If a client begins to exercise he or she can avoid the following complications:?Gaining weight?Increasing fat mass?Low energy levels and stamina (unfit)?Becoming lethargic?Suffering from cardio-vascular and or joint problems (long term)?Lack of mobilityIf the client does not exercise the treatment can be less effective. In terms of eating overconsumption can badly affect the skin and body conditions. Processed foods are typically the main cause of cellulite and fluid retention. A healthy diet should work with the metabolism and steady insulin levels and will improve the overall performance of the body. If the client is a smoker and is willing to quit it would be best for the client to do so.PREPARATION FOR TREATMENTHow do you select the appropriate massage oil suitable for specific skin, scalp or hair types?Using oil is entirely optional when massaging the scalp. Oils for the head when applied are absorbed into the roots of the hair which connect to the nerve fibres leading to the brain. The benefits of using oil is the strengthening of the hair, eliminating dryness, relaxed muscles and nerves on the head, removed tiredness and the feeling of being refreshed. Using them regularly can urge and help growth of healthy, shiny hair and slow down hair loss, soften and add moisture to the hair. A variety of oils can be used for an Indian Head Massage. In tradition oils like sesame, coconut, olive, mustard and almond have been used by Indian women as a way of keeping hair in the best condition.Almond oil – is high in nutrients (unsaturated fatty acids, protein, vitamins A, B, D and E). Almond is a good conditioner and softens, adds moisture and protects hair. Works best for normal skin conditions and normal to dry hair condition.Effects: Stimulates hair growth, reduces muscular discomfort. Caution: Avoid if the client is allergic. Coconut oil – is popular and commonly used in Indian Head massages and used widely in southern parts of India particularly in spring. Effective for dry, brittle, lifeless hair. Effect: Very moisturising and soften skin and hair. Caution: Can be irritable for hypersensitive skin. Mustard oil – one of the most popular oils used in north-west India and is found in Indian grocery stores. Because it creates a warm sensation it’s used particularly in the winter months. Effective for dry scalp if combined with small amount of turmeric powder. Effect: Increases body heat, warm sensation, breaks down congestion and swollen tense muscles and lessens pain.Cause: Can be irritating for skin. Olive oil – is popular in the Western world, it has high levels of unsaturated fatty acids making it good moisturiser oil. Mixed together with almond oil since original smell is strong. Helpful for dry skin and hair. Effect: Highly moisturising, soothing, stimulating, penetrative, reduces swelling, lessens muscular tightness and pain. Sesame oil – is popular base oil in the Western part of India. High in minerals like iron, calcium and phosphorus. Nourishing and protects hair. Effective for dry skin and popular in India in the summer especially since it provides some protection from sun rays. Effect: Protective, nourishing, improves skin texture, reduces swelling and lessens muscular pain.How do you adapt client preparation when working in different environments?Indian head massage is a portable treatment that is well suited to the work environment. A area of the workplace( preferably private) can be prepared for the treatment, that can be performed on an ordinary chair and is short enough in timeframe to be fit into break or lunch hour. And the client does not need to undress. How do you practically and mentally prepare yourself for the treatment?Have and upkeep a smart and professional appearanceTie hair to the back off the faceRemove all jewellery that could get in the way of the treatment Take off wrist watchMake sure the chair height is a suitable height for you and your client.Prepare oil for the scalp massage if required(approximately 2-5 ml, depending on the length of the hair and the condition of the scalp)Wear low-healed shoes with good supportKeep the right posture during the massagePrepare mentally before treatment by having some quite time to relax Perform some stretching exercises for back and armsIt’s best to take time to ground yourself before to treatments so you don’t take on your client’s negative energy and feel drained. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYWhat are the main effects of Indian Head massage on the body systems? Tense areas of muscles become relaxedJoints in the neck have more mobilityMuscles that were tense become relaxed from the increase in blood circulationSkin colour is improved due to blood capillaries dilating and bringing blood to the skin Waste and toxins are removed quicker because the lymphatic and venous circulation is increasedRemoves excessive lymph improves the appearance of puffy oedematous skinDepending on the massage technique sensory nerve endings can be soothed or stimulatedProduction of sweat and sebum is increased by the stimulation of the sebaceous and sudoriferous glands, which helps the skin to produce natural oils and moisture balanceApplying oil to the head adds moisture and improves the condition of dry hair or scalpIncreases urinationIncreased secretion of mucus from the nose and mouthWhat are psychological benefits of Indian Head massage?Improved concentration due to the increase of oxygen to the brainRelives tensionInduces relaxationEases stress and anxietyA rising level of confidenceCONTRA-INDICATIONS AND CONTRA-ACTIONSList 3 conditions that would prevent treatment:Fever/high temperature – is a contra-indication that would prevent the treatment from happening because of the risk of a spread infection. An increased circulation during fever rises the body temperature as a result of infection. Acute infectious disease – is a contra-indication to the treatment since it’s an acute infectious disease that includes the cold, flu, measles, mumps, tuberculosis and chicken pox. The disease is highly contagious. Skin/scalp infection – need to be avoided due to the high risk of cross infection. The common diseases that occur on the head and neck include: herpex simplex (cold sore), impetigo, ringworm, scabies, conjunctivitis folliculitis, pediculosis capitis (head lice) and tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp).List 3 conditions that would restrict treatment:Cuts/abrasion – need to be treated as localised contra-indications. Because of the severe bruising in the area it could be painful for the client and it should be avoided in the treatment. Recent scar tissue – treatment should only take place once the tissue area is fully healed and able to withstand pressure. The therapist can add a gentle amount of friction over the healed scar tissue to help break down adhesions. Migraine – may cause the client to feel nauseous, dizzy, experience visual disturbance, severe headache and even vomiting. It’s therefore unadvisable to carry out the treatment in the case of one. An Indian Head massage might help to prevent migraines especially if they stress induced.What is a contra-action?Contra-action is an undesirable effect of a treatment. It commonly takes place following the massage due to the increased circulation of waste products. The therapist will need to closely monitor the client to see if further treatment will be suitable. These might include:Sickness, brought on by increased circulation of waste products transported in the lymphatic system. Often termed a healing crisis.Headache, caused by dilation of the blood capillaries, changing blood pressure levels.Feeling tired, caused by released toxins and increased energy channels.Skin reaction to the massage oil.Heightened emotional state including tearfulness.Flu like symptoms including raised temperature.Aching muscles brought on by the release of toxins. INDIAN HEAD MASSAGE MEDIUMSHow Indian Head massage oils stored and why is this important?If oils are not stored correctly they can spoil, this can lead to evaporation which results in the loss of therapeutic property, fragrance and colour. The best condition to storage the oils in is a dark, cool area away from sunlight. The container the oils are kept in should be dark coloured glass. The bottles need to be clearly labelled to avoid confusion. Give 4 exampled of Indian Head massage oils and their beneficial properties:Organic oils are best suited for massaging the scalp. These oils are high in polyunsaturated fats, soft and liquid at room temperate. It can absorb easily though the skin and have a internal and external effect. The oil can be chosen based on its texture, smell and specific properties. Popular oils include sesame, mustard, almond and olive. Sesame oil – has high lecithin content a fat like substance that is believed to ease swelling and muscular pain. It nourishes skin and hair. It can however be irritating for sensitive skin and scalp.Mustard oil – is popular in the winter because of its warming effect. The oil has a strong smell and invigorates an intense heat. The increased heat in the body eases pain, swelling and stiff muscles. The skin pores open and are cleansed. Almond oil – is high in saturated fatty acids, proteins and the vitamins A, B, D and E. The oil is a light in texture, warm pressed and is good in moisturising dry skin and hair. Olive oil – creates a heating action that relieves pain, swelling and stiff muscles. It has a thick consistency and is high in unsaturated fatty acids, works good for excessively dry hair and skin. TREATMENT SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGEBriefly describe the history of Indian Head Massage:Indian Head Massage has been formed through the ancient Ayurvedic healing system. The Ayurvedic system originates from ancient India and has been passed down from generation to generation. The massage is a form of holistic therapy that combines the mind, body and spirit. These treatment were performed in India for over thousand of years, intended to keep hair at its best condition and beautiful by stimulating an increase in the blood flow to the scalp. Through this process the hair roots became nourished. Elements used in the process include a number of herbs, spices and oils that have been known to have healing properties. The massage can also help to revive a number of scalp conditions. At first the process was entirely focused on massage of the head and hair follicles but over time it has developed to include massage and manipulation of the face, scalp, neck, upper back, shoulders, and upper arms as it’s seen performed in modern therapies of Indian Head massage,It was originally developed and adapted by women who practised the techniques in their family and friends of all ages. Along with the physical and physiological benefits integrated with the treatment it also gave the added bonus of improving bonds. As went on hairdressers and barbers began to provide Indian Head massages to male and female customers as it complimented their main service. The popularity of champissage has grown and increased and is now widely available as a service throughout India and increasingly in the UK.What is Ayurveda? Ayurveda is believed to be the world’s oldest Indian healing system. Ayurveda as a word originating from Sanskrit meaning the science of life and longevity. Ayurveda is a mean of following a healthy lifestyle focused on creating a balance in the body, mind and spirit resulting in a longer life. Ayurveda advises and promotes using massage alongside with a diet, herbs, cleansing, yoga, meditation and exercise. The main direction and outcome of Ayurveda is towards up keeping and advancing positive health, beauty and long life. An early Ayurveda text going back 4,000 years includes massage and the principal of holistic treatments which stated health as a result of harmony with our selves. The Ayur-Veda, a known sacred book among Hindus, estimated to be written around 1800 BC. The book includes massage as an Ayurveda principle. Health seen from the Ayurveda view is physical, emotional and spiritual well being and that health is up kept by balancing three subtle life forces of doshas: Vata, Pitta and Kapha. Vata is the driving force which relates mostly to the nervous system and the body’s energies centre. Pitta is fire and relates to metabolism, digestion enzymes, acid and bile.Kapha is water related in the mucous membranes phlegm, moisture, fat and lymphatics.What are ‘marma’ points?Marma points are an essential aspect of Ayurveda; they are subtle pressure points, similar to points used in acupressure that stimulate the life force or pranic flow. The marmas are anatomical places on the body, mainly composed of flesh and bones.There are total of 107 marmas in the body:37 in the head and neck12 in the front of the body22 in the upper limbs14 in the back of the body22 in lower limbs.Mama points are sensitive and are measured using finger widths, referred to as anguli. The points are measured using the finger width of the person being treated and not the therapist. Each person is differently structured so the location of marma’s depends on the person own size and proportion. The marma can be one to eight fingers in widths and relate to regions of the body and not a point. In an Indian head massage the marmas may be used to:Treat the pranasTreat a specific organ or system of the bodyTreat a specific dosha imbalanceWhat is the importance of chakra’s in the Indian Head Massage treatment?An Indian Head Massage begins by grounding or levelling, this is a process carried out to balance the body chakras. Chakras are unseen, non physical energy centres around the body, they are placed an inch away from the physical body. When energy levels are blocked off because off ongoing stress, negative energy become stored in the chakra and creates an imbalanced. The can cause physical or mental illness. If one energy centre becomes imbalanced it can affect others. Massage aids in restoring this balance in the chakras and allowing energy to flow freely. To open the energy channels and help to begin healing the therapist can ground the client. Chakras are vital in recreating balance they are local points of energies in suitable bodies. By directing the hands along the axis of the chakras energy can be arranged and returned to harmony. Working with subtle energy of the chakras energy can grow be strengthened or decreased as necessary to create a healthy balance. Indian Head massage works on restoring the balance of the higher chakras which are the throat, brow and crown. The master chakra is the crown chakra and can help to regain the energy and balance out the other chakras. When the treatment comes to end the therapist can feel tired. Since energy channels are created during the massage they be taken and passed from therapist to client. Chakras are associated with various colours and elements.Red: The base chakraElement: EarthConnected to the earth, health and survival.Orange: The base chakraElement: WaterRelates to relationships, especially sexual.Yellow: The solar plexus chakraElement: FireConnected to personal harmony and energy. Green: The heart chakraElement: AirRelates to empathy to others.Blue: The throat chakraElement: Sound or etherConnected to communication and expression.Indigo: The brow chakraElement: LightRelates to inner vison.White: The crown chakraElement: SpiritConnected with imagination and thought.Why is it important for the client to be in position that is comfortable and supported during the Indian Head treatment?It’s important because the comfort of the client during the treatment helps in relaxing and allowing more enjoyment from the treatment. It will also have better healing effects on the body and mind if the client was feeling comfortable and relaxed. The treatment last’s quite long so its important to support the client during the treatment.How can the Indian Head treatment be adapted to suit individual clients?Since every client will have different physical characteristics it’s important that the therapist is able to adapt the Indian Head massage. The massage may need to be varied based on the client’s body size, muscle tone, age, and hair characteristics. It’s highly likely that many clients could need a change in the treatment due to their physical and or health related situation. Examples:Pregnant client – In this case it’s suggested to avoid the Indian head massage in the very first trimester until the pregnancy is established. In the first trimester the client is more likely to feel nauseous and sick. Afterwards the treatment can be performed with no problems. It’s often a popular choice since the client is able to sit down comfortably and not in a particular position. Some may still feel dizzy so care should be taken. It may be necessary for clients with high blood pressure to have a GP referral. Disabled client – The therapist should have knowledge on the condition and the nature of it. In the case of the client being in a wheelchair it may be easier and comfortable to treat them while they’re sitting in it. An Indian Head massage is portable and can be carried out with no complications. It will help to have the consultation take place at eye level. It’s vital to not come across as patronising since many clients may be fit and able and should be treated with respect. Elderly client – It’s important the therapist remembers and knows to:Make sure the client is warm enough in the treatmentThe client may experience a sudden drop in blood pressure and need to be helped by keeping the client balanced and avoiding falls Not carry out a deep massage due to a decreased reaction time, sensitivity to pain, thinning of skin and blood vessels There me be a loss of hearing and visionThe bones may not be as strong and flexible, the muscle tone may be decreased and the joints may be worn so care should be taken when applying pressureSkin could be thinner, looser and frailCirculation could be not as efficient particularly if the client is inactiveClients without hair - The method for massaging the scalp will be slightly different. Obviously the technique of manipulation and or tugging of the hair cannot take place. Regardless of this the scalp muscles are still able to develop tension because of their attachment. A large framed client – An Indian Head massage could be perfectly comfortable for larger framed clients since they do not need to undress. During the massage the pressure should be applied evenly onto the dense areas of the adipose tissue, this will ease and prevent muscle damage. The fatty areas despite seeming to be not as sensitive, the therapist will need to avoid using too much pressure. Adipose tissue is highly vascular and sensitive to bruising. To prevent problems, the pressure needs to be carefully applied and the therapist should pay close attention to the client’s feedback and the correct body mechanics. A small framed client – This client should avoid deep massages because the high pressure applied on bony areas can be very uncomfortable. Using techniques like hacking should also avoided as some areas could be unprotected and the therapist should focus on the client’s feedback. However if the client wishes a deep massage then the therapist can perform it with no complications. Why are breathing techniques important in the Indian Head massage treatment?Breathing deeply and slowly is a successful method of relaxation; it can be effectively combined with other relaxation techniques like using relaxing imagery meditation and progressive muscular relaxation. The breathing should not be shallow and rapid but deep and slow. The therapist should encourage the client to breathe in slowly through the nose and out the mouth; you can see if this is done correctly by watching the stomach moving out slightly. This helps the treatment to be more effective and is relaxing for the client. Why is it important to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment? Evaluation is an essential part of a case study as it is only through feedback and evaluation that a therapist can determine the effectiveness of the treatments performed and ultimately measure their own professional development. Based on the feedback the therapist can then work on making improvement in certain areas. Factors to consider in evaluation the treatment with the client are:Was the course of treatments effective? If so in what ways?What benefits if any were derived from the treatments?Where there any particular parts of the treatment the client liked or disliked?Where are there any contra-actions?Is the client keen to continue with regular treatments?What are the benefits of a course of treatments?To ensure the best results of the Indian Head massage it’s important that clients get regular treatments. Benefits of regular treatments include:Improved hair conditionReduced levels of stress Improved circulationIncrease in energy levelA general sense of wellbeingAn improvement in sleep patternsAFTERCARE AND HOMECAREHow would you evaluate a treatment?To evaluate a treatment the therapist should have recorded feedback from a client and determine the good and bad points in their own performance, what went well and didn’t. The therapist will need to ask themselves questions like these:Did the treatment work effectively? Which techniques What were the benefits?What parts of the treatment did the client like/dislike the most?Did any contra-actions take place?Does the client wish to continue on with regular treatments?What benefits, if any, were delivered from treatments?The therapist should also note visual clues from the sign and use these to carry out a self-evaluation. To ensure an improvement in their own development it’s vital for the therapist to self evaluate. This way they can determine exact areas that need perfecting. Give 3 examples of post treatment restrictions:A skin reaction, for example an allergy to particular massage oil. A cold press should be applied to the irritated area and the oil removed from the skin.Fainting can happen due to dilation of the blood capillaries which can alter blood pressure levels. Make sure the client is breathing normally and the room is ventilated. Sickness/nausea due to the increased circulation of waste products transported in the lymphatic system. Bring the client a glass of water if they feel sick and advice them to seek medical advice is the condition continues. What aftercare could you advise for your client?Before the client is ready to get up advice them to rest for few minutes to allow the blood circulation to return to normal.For the following 24 hours avoid:Stimulants as caffeine and alcoholHeavy or spiced mealsStrenuous exercise.Drink plenty of water after.Rest and relaxation after treatmentWait 10 minutes after treatment before drivingFor several hours:Avoid shampooing the hair, particularly if treatment oils have been used to maximize treatments effectWhat is homecare, and what could you advise as homecare for your client?Homecare is the advice given to the client from the therapist after the treatment has taken place. The consultation aims to offer advice for the client, these can be changes to lifestyle through diet and or exercise for the client’s own benefit. Examples of homecare advice:If the client’s main reason for the massage was relaxation the therapist can advice on relaxing bath products like essential oils and various massage techniques they can do at home. Advise the client on drinking water regularly, to help detoxification and recommend healthy eating habits. Rest after the treatment as suitedAvoid digesting a heathy meal to let the body use it’s energy for healingRecommend and give advice on breathing exercise which can control stress. Advise them to practice them at home and anytime they feel anxious. Give advice on hair and scalp, why they should avoid excessive chemical hair treatments, how important it is to protect the hair when it’s exposed to UV, and the application of specialised hair/scalp treatment products.How can healthy eating and exercise improve the effectiveness of the treatment?To ensure the best results from the treatment and receive the maximum benefits the clients can:Increase their consumption of waterAvoid smokingRelax and perform stress-relieving techniques for example yoga and or meditationExercise regularlyEat healthy Following these conditions can help the client to have an improved sleep pattern, being more alert, increase in energy levels, better mood, increased mobility in joints and a all round improved physical and mental health. The client can become more responsive to the treatment and gain the most out of ments:Tutor sign:Student sign: Sardana Sanderson ................
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