Stability in Bonding Chapter 18: Section 1 Combined ...

Stability in Bonding

Chapter 18: Section 1

I. Combined Elements

A. When elements combine together in fixed proportions they form what we call compounds

B. Example:

?

(Water)

?

(Table Salt)

II. Oxidation Numbers

A. Positive or negative number that indicates how many electrons an atom has gained, lost, or

shared to become stable

III. Chemical Bonding

A. Chemical Bonding- the combination of elements to form new substances (compounds)

B. Why bonds form?

? Occurs because atoms want to be stable

? They become stable by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons in order to fill their outer

energy level

C. What determines how they bond?

? Valence electrons play the biggest role in determining how atoms combine

? The electron arrangement of the outer energy level determines whether or not an

element will form bonds

IV. Dot Diagram

A. Electron dot diagrams are useful for showing how electrons will combine

B. Remember the goal of combining elements is to reach stability (8 electrons in outer shell)

C. When atoms gain or lose electrons an attraction forms between the atoms pulling them

together to form compounds

D. Octet Rule- that atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in

their valence shells, giving them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas

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