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Name ____________________________________________________Chapter 8 Pre-Quiz1. Children's “increasing ability to regulate themselves, to take responsibility, and to exercise self-control” all contribute to their sense of:A.conservation.B.peer values.C.autonomy.D.egocentrism.2. When one assesses one's abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against those of other people, especially one's peers, one is engaging in:A.peer evaluation.B.cultural normalization.C.social comparison.D.parental assessment.3. During the school years, self-esteem typically:A.increases.B.decreases.C.stays the same.D.fluctuates up and down.4. Because schoolchildren judge their own talents and limitations more realistically than preschoolers:A.they should decide which reading and math groups they wish to join.B.their self-confidence may suffer as they compare themselves with others.C.following a failure, they are less pessimistic about future failure.D.they are less likely to concede that they're not good at something.5. The child who weathers severe family problems, even abuse, and somehow remains unscathed in the process is called:A.buoyant.B.resilient.C.parasympathetic.D.unflappable.6. In childhood, how children react to a serious stressor depends primarily on:A.what the stressor is.B.how many other stressors are present.C.whether the stress is economic.D.whether the stressor affects other siblings too.7. A major coping measure that helps children and families deal with problems and stress is:A.social support.B.a stress-resilient nature.C.a naturalized mentor.D.psychological denial.8. Family structure refers to:A.how well a family raises its children.B.legal and genetic relationships of family members.C.how the family's house is constructed.D.how the various generations interact.9. The most common type of family for children in the United States is the:A.extended family.B.single-parent family.C.nuclear family.D.blended family.10. Two factors that universally interfere with family function in every nation are:A.ethnic differences and low income.B.low income and high conflict.C.high stress and high income.D.religious differences and low income.11. The particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society define:A.the culture of children.B.peer values.C.the lives of childhood.D.the legends of childhood.12. School-age children would most admire:A.Timmy, whose mother kisses him good-bye at school.B.Marla, who was punished for not telling the teacher who threw a paper airplane.C.Mary, who is the third-grade teacher's favorite.D.Billy, who spends most of his free time with adults.13. By the age of 10, which of the following is true regarding friendships?A.Girls are more interested in maintaining long-term friendships than are boys.B.Boys prefer to be popular among peer groups; girls want to have best friends.C.Both boys and girls want to have best friends.D.Mutual loyalty is more important to boys than it is to girls.14. Social cognition refers to:A.the ability to act as a leader.B.mastery of the basic concepts of classification and causality.C.the ability to learn about various societies.D.the ability to understand social interactions.15. The key word in the definition of bullying is:A.attacks.B.repeated.C.harm.D.systematic.16. The most dramatic nationwide effort to reduce bullying is in:A.the United States.B.Spain.C.Norway.D.England.17. Kohlberg measured morality by:A.determining what people felt was right or wrong.B.analyzing how people reason about what is right and wrong.C.watching how people behave in morally ambivalent situations.D.analyzing the words people choose when explaining their answers.18. Lawrence Kohlberg built on the theories of ______ in his description of the stages of moral development.A.Sigmund FreudB.Jean PiagetC.Erik EriksonD.Carol Gilligan ................
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