Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
[Pages:40]Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
? Single parent produces offspring ? All offspring are genetically identical to
one another and to parent ? Produces identical somatic (body) cells
Sexual Reproduction
? Chromosomes are duplicated in germ cells (sex cells)
? Germ cells undergo meiosis and cytoplasmic division
? Cellular descendents of germ cells become gametes (sperm and egg)
? Gametes meet at fertilization
Sperm and Egg Gametes
Sexual Reproduction
? Involves:
? Meiosis ? Gamete production ? Fertilization
? Produces genetic variation among offspring
Sexual Reproduction Shuffles Alleles
? Through sexual reproduction, offspring inherit new combinations of alleles, which leads to variations in traits
? This variation in traits is the basis for evolutionary change
Homologous Chromosomes Carry Different Alleles
? Cell has two of each chromosome ? One chromosome in each pair from
mother, other from father ? Paternal and maternal chromosomes
carry different alleles
Gamete Formation
? Gametes are sex cells (sperm, eggs) ? Arise from germ cells
testes
ovaries
anther
ovary
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