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Seminar activity: The social construction of race & institutional racismObjectiveHow will this be achieved?To further understand the social construction of racism YouTube videos + Kahoots quiz + discussionTo analyse how racism operates institutionally and to apply this understanding to the institution/discipline of psychology Reading through Guardian article on institutional racism experiences and answering quiz. Some discussion (if time permits) on how these intuitional experiences might relate to the white/western/male dominance of psychology (building on Lecture 4: How global is psychology & Lecture 5: Psychology’s treatment of race) To consider the benefits of alternative knowledge sources (apart from academia journal articles and books) to meet learning outcomesExposure to youtube videos & Guardian article Please note quiz questions & answers pertain specifically to the information in the Youtube videos. Formats: Seminar tutors should play Video 1: The Social Construction of Race During the 17th Century what did people believe determined race (& thus made it changeable)? Answer; Climate and environment Note: race was seen as related to climate and environment and a person who moved around could therefore change their race. When did people start to believe in firmer definitions of race (where it was not changeable)?Answer: 1650 (mid 17th century) Notes: during beginning of imperialism Who were the Burakumin? Answer: Displaced outcasts in Japan resulting from feudal wars. Notes: Not a distinct group genetically speaking but face severe discrimination and are often seen as racially different/inferior by some Japanese. (Burakumin means ‘hamlet/village people’ and a Burakumin rights movement exists today). What latin word does race originate from ?Answer: radix "root," Guardian article - 'You’re talked to as if you are a junior' – employees on workplace racism Why does the author mention BAME women’s access to positions of power?Because they are even more under represented than BME men. Shows intersection of racism and sexism.Do you think the research conducted by the Department of Work & Pensions was ethical (also say why)?No concrete answer to this – something to consider is 1) the ethical principles the British Psychological Society require British psychologists to conform to in our research and 2) differing ways of conceiving ethics (see slide below). More on this will be presented in Lecture 12. Why do you think Theresa May (the UK government’s shadow minister for Work & Pensions at the time) and other big businesses claimed the research was “a waste of taxpayers’ cash” and “unethical”?[No concrete answer – but possibly because it conflicted with the conservative ideology of business non regulation]What does the author mean by ‘covert exclusion’? Racism that is subtle, hidden etc. but is no less powerful/ damaging. Why was employee Adam paid off by his tech employer? Paying off Adam kept him silent and avoiding him embarrassing the company. Adam had good evidence that he and colleagues were being fired because of racism rather than any legitimate grievance. The French company recruiting in Nigeria said they “were looking for people – [with] – blond hair, blue eye, yeah?”. Why didn’t the company just say White people? Because this would be too explicit and the company’s reputation could be damaged. Instead they were using cover racism, with blonde hair and blue eyes as synonyms for White. On the bottom of page 3 Isaih says “You can never prove [discrimination. People tell you] you’re imagining it or you’re reading too much into it, you’re too sensitive”. What impact might this have on BAME people facing racism? Cause BAME people to second guess themselves. To doubt their own experiences/perceptions etc. Video 2: The Invention of Whiteness During the Bacon rebellion (1676) what demands did those rebelling make?land and greater democracyHow did the elites respond? They believed there was ‘too many workers who have common cause’. They wanted to break up the rebellion. How did the elites try to break up the workers in the Bacon rebellion? They tried to separate them on varying factors including religion, language and place of origin. Eventually they settled on race by telling the white workers that they should identify with the elites by their race (despite the white workers not sharing the wealth or power the elites had).What laws were first introduced to divide workers on race? Anti-miscegenation laws (i.e., no mixed marriages) Why was the state of Virginia important/significant? It was a corporation for the British crown. It represented the elites in America and showed that power was held by the very rich in America, not necessarily by Whites at that time. Video 4: The Myth of Race Debunked (3 min 7 sec)Suggested quiz format: Kahoots (20 mins: running time: 3 min, quiz time: circa 17 mins)Which racial category did John Blumembach NOT invent?Answer: Malaysian. Notes: John Blumenbach came up with 5 racial categories including Caucasian, Mongolian, Malayan, Ethiopian & American. When did John Blumenbach coin his 5 racial categories?Answer: 1776Why were the Americans particularly keen to adopt this new racial categorization system?Answer: Because it justified the use of slavery. Which political factor was NOT listed as influencing categorizations of race?Answer: Healthcare is not a listed factor. Notes: War, Immigration, Education, Jobs & EconomyIn what year were Mexicans first no longer deemed White by the US census?Answer: 1930 In what year were Mexicans reclassified as White by the US Census?Answer: 1942Why were Mexicans reclassified as White in 1942?Answer/notes: Census changed Mexican to non-white to limit immigration and then back to white in 1942 in order to increase its labour force during WW2. How has Black NOT been variously defined throughout America?Answer: As only people born in Africa. Notes: 1 quarter, 1 sixteenth & 1 drop of African heritage are all varying definitions of Black in US history. Note answers are given as grandparents (1 quarter) great great grandparents (1 sixteenth) and 1 drop as 1 ancestor.What racial categorizing did the US Census first include in 2000? Answer: Multi racial in 2000 census In the 2000 US census how many respondents identified as multi-racial? Answer: (6.2% respondents answered this way)Of those polled, what was the largest group of Americans to see President Obama’s race as s Other/No Answer?Answer: White americans (23%). See screenshot below:What is race NOT considered a proxy for when explaining health outcomes?Answer: Age demographic. Notes: The proxies listed include socioeconomic status, environment, genetics, access to health care. Ultimately race could be better seen (in the context of health outcomes) as “the experience of people who may have been put in the same racial group as you”. Age is not listed in the video as a proxy. What might better explain high prevalence rates of sickle cell anaemia apart from race?Answer: Areas with high rates of malaria. Note: Whilst access to healthcare might explain other health factors this isn’t specifically listed in the video ................
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