Unit A: Scientific Method

Grade 6 Science Study Guide (ANSWER KEY)

Unit A: Scientific Method

1. Define the following terms:

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Variable: a variable is any factor that can be controlled, changed, or measured in an experiment.

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Dependent Variable: The dependent variable is the variable that you measure or observe.

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Independent Variable: The independent variable is the one condition that you change in an

experiment.

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Controlled Variable: The controlled variable is the variable that does not change during an

experiment.

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Hypothesis: an idea or explanation that you then test through study and experimentation

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Inference: the act or process of reaching a conclusion or opinion about something from known

facts or evidence

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Observation: an act or instance of noticing or perceiving something using your five senses

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Prediction: The act of making an educated guess as to the outcome of a situation.

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Data: Facts collected from an experiment.

2. The steps Scientists use to solve a problem is called the

Scientific Method .

3. List each of the steps of the scientific method.

Ask a Question .

**Research then, Formulate a Hypothesis .

Design an

Experiment .

Analyze the

Data .

Draw a Conclusion .

Share

the Results

4. What is the difference between an observation and an inference in science class?

An observation is when you use your "five senses" to determine - how something smells, looks, tastes,

sounds, or feels. Where as an inference is something that you assume based on previous knowledge such as, you would infer that a bug with wings will fly because you have seen other bugs with wings fly,

even if you haven't seen that particular one fly.

Read the following sentences and circle the letter of the word that best fills each blank:

The

5

method is a process that scientists use to help them test new ideas. The first step in the

process is defining the

6

. Next, information must be gathered using one or more of the five

7

.The scientist then makes an educated guess or a(n)

8

. This is tested by performing one

or more activities called

9

. Observations are made and recorded. The recorded observations

Grade 6 Science Study Guide (ANSWER KEY)

are known as

10

. Afterward, the scientist comes to a

11

that either supports or does

not support the hypothesis. When a hypothesis is tested many times and supported by data, it becomes

known as

12

.

5. blank 5

variable

scientific

control

biological

6. blank 6

conclusion

data

experiment

question

7. blank 7

senses

controls

solutions

solvents

8. blank 8

variable

factor

hypothesis

conclusion

9. blank 9

theories

experiments

properties

none of the above

10. blank 10

data

hypotheses

structures

expressions

11. blank 11

meeting

consideration

laboratory

conclusion

12. blank 12

solvent

control

deduction

theory

13. What does it mean to ask a TESTABLE question?

It's basically a hypothesis. You have to be able to disprove it. For example, "Is the sky blue?" is not a

testable question because there's no way to disprove it. "Are all dogs allergic to chocolate?" is a

testable question because you could conceivably set up an experiment to demonstrate that some dogs

are not.

14. How should our hypotheses be written in this class?

In the form of ¡° If ____________, then ____________. ¡°

15. What does it mean to make sure an experiment is CONTROLLED?

Controlled experiment is one in which there is strict control exercised on variables, with typically one or

more variables being changed or ¡°manipulated¡± while all other variables are held constant or the same

across experiments.

16. What¡¯s wrong with the following procedure step? ¡°Put sugar in the vase of the flowers.¡±

We don¡¯t know how much sugar to put in the vase. What are we testing? Do we have a control? Are

we testing different amounts?

Grade 6 Science Study Guide (ANSWER KEY)

Unit B: Study Guide Matter, Properties, and Change

1. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

a. Examples will vary but could include: desk (solid), whiteboard cleaner (liquid), oxygen in the air

(gas)

2. Atoms

3. Drawing of an atom below

4. element, element

a. Three examples could include but are not limited to: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

5. The periodic table is an arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of their

atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus).

6.

Atomic number: 18

Atomic mass: 39.95

Element Symbol: Ar

Element Name: Argon

Number of Protons: 18

Number of Neutrons: 21.95

7. Answers will vary but could include:

Physical Properties

Physical Changes

Chemical Properties

Chemical Changes

1. color, smell

1. crumpling a sheet of

paper / chopping wood

1. flammability

1. burning wood / rotting

bananas / cooking an

egg

2. freezing/boiling/

melting point

2. melting an ice cube /

boiling water

2. rust

2. digesting food in your

stomach

3. density

3. crushing a can/

breaking a bottle

3. acidity / reactivity

3. milk going sour /

explosion of fireworks

8. Solubility, solute, solvent

a. a solute¡¯s solubility depends on the chemical nature of the solvent

b. another important factor that influences solubility is the temperature of the system

c. the most common solvent is water

9. Density: a property that describes the relationship between mass and volume

a. Density= mass/volume

D=m/v

10. Container 1: solid; Container 2: gas; Container 3: liquid

11. solid, solid, solids, vibrate, solid, liquid

12. liquids, liquids, liquid, solid, liquid, liquid, gas

13. gases, gases, gas

14. heat, increased, decreased, solid, liquid, gas

Grade 6 Science Study Guide (ANSWER KEY)

15. Label each of the following transformations:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Solid ¡ú Liquid = Melting

Liquid ¡ú Solid = Freezing

Liquid ¡ú Gas = Evaporation

Gas ¡ú Liquid = Condensation

Grade 6 Science Study Guide (ANSWER KEY)

Unit C: Energy Conservation and Transfer

1.

A. thermally

B. mechanically

C. electrically

D. electromagnetic

2. thermal, heat, warm, cooler, conduction, convection, radiation, conduction, convection

3. Draw a picture which illustrates the three ways of heat transfer in matter.

Student pictures may vary

4. conductors, insulators

Draw an illustration of each below.

Student drawings may vary.

conductor

insulator

5. conductors, conductor, insulator, conductors, insulators

Draw an illustration of each below.

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