Responding to Public Requests about Mosquito-borne …



2011 IMVCA’s 57th ANNUAL MEETING

November 17th and 18th, Hilton Garden Inn

1501 S. Neil Street, Champaign, IL 61820

Preliminary IMVCA Speakers 2011

by Richard Lampman, Program Coordinator

1. “Arboviruses of Public Health Importance in the US” John-Paul Mutebi, CDC Fort Collins, CO

2. "Vector Surveillance and Disease Update in Illinois" Linn Haramis, IDPH, Division of Environmental Health

3. "The Invasion of the Black-Legged Tick and Lyme Disease in Illinois" Brian Allan, Dept. Entomol. UIUC

4. “Trends in Human Cases of West Nile Virus in Illinois” Richard Lampman, Med. Ent. Program, INHS, Prairie Research Institute

5. “Mosquitoes, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology in the Chicago Suburbs” Marilyn Ruiz, University Illinois, College of Vet. Med.

6. "Environmental stress increases the risk of arbovirus transmission", Ephantus Juma Muturi, Med. Ent. Program, INHS, Prairie Research Institute

7. “The Hunt for the Black-tailed Mosquito: In search of Triple-E” Mike Slamecka, SCCMAD, Entomologist

8. "Bedbug Outbreaks and the State Response" Curt Colwell, IDPH

9. "Bedbug IPM" Susan Ratcliffe, UIUC

10. "An Update on the Illinois NPDES Pesticide Permit" Leslie Lowry, IEPA

11. “The Distribution of Invasive Mosquitoes in Illinois” Jack Swanson, IDPH

12. AMCA representative: We hope to have Jim Stark at the banquet

13. “National and State Comparison of Two West Nile Virus Assays: RAMP and RT-PCR TaqMan” Nina Krasavin or Millon Blackshear from Med. Ent. Program, INHS, PRI

14. Corporate talks—We are building 20 minutes in for each before breaks, at banquet, and at end of Thursday or Friday. Please let program coordinator know if you want extra time or need all of the time allotted (email richlamp@inhs.uiuc.edu).

15. “How to Succeed in Vector Surveillance Without Really Trying: Part 1. Mosquito Trap Basics” Sam Davis and Barb O’Meara, IDPH

16. “A Mosquito’s Guide to NSMAD: Comparing two Catchbasins Larvicides” Justin Harbison, NSMAD

17. District Reports (about 10 min. each) See suggested format from Dave Zazra, President of the IMVCA

18. “How leaf diets change the biology of mosquito vectors.” Chang-Hyun Kim, Medical Entomology Program, INHS, UIUC.

(Speakers are not in Order of Appearance and not all are confirmed.) Titles will likely change as Program Coordinator got overly imaginative in some cases.

STUDENT COMPETITION

by Joy Joyce, Student Coordinator

We would like to invite the Directors of MADs and Public Health Districts, as well as faculty with interns and students (undergraduate and graduate) to speak at the Henry Lawicki Student/Intern Competition of our organization in Champaign on Nov. 17th and 18th. The Illinois Mosquito and Vector Control Association (IMVCA) will present $300 to the winner and $100 each to the second and third place talks.

The Lawicki Student/Intern Competition will be scheduled between 10 a.m. and noon on Thursday, November 17 and a banquet (to which the students are invited) will be on the evening of the 17th.  The conference ends mid-day on Friday, November 18.

In addition, readers can visit http:// The IMVCA website has the previous year's agenda to get an idea of the order of events. An updated agenda will be posted later in October.

Last year we had 6 excellent talks with a public health intern and 5 students. The top three speakers were an undergraduate and two graduate students. We are interested in a broad range of topics dealing with arthropods of public health importance (vectors and nuisance). The students are invited to participate in the annual meeting and may attend the evening banquet free, in order to give members an opportunity to interact with them.

If you have any interested interns or students please have them contact Joy Joyce . Joy is the student/intern competition coordinator.

If you know anyone that fits, give them a nudge to talk. Maybe they’ll be buying you lunch the next time you see them.

A comment from IMVCA President

By Dave Zazra

District Reports

We’d like to organize district reports in a way that allows comparison. It will also help with the timing of reports, which should be no more than 10 minutes per district.

We suggest your report follow the outline below:

IMVCA District Report Guidelines

1. District Information:

a. Size in square miles

b. Communities located within the district

c. Population of district

d. District Budget

2. Surveillance and Testing

a. Number & Types of Traps

b. Number of Mosquitoes Trapped

c. Predominant species of mosquitoes trapped

d. Did you find any invasive species?

e. Number of Positive Pools

f. Tests Used

g. Number of dead birds

3. Treatment

a. Larval Control Products used and Amounts

b. Number and Types of Sites Treated

c. Adult Control Products used and Amounts

d. Source Reduction Projects

4. Public Relations and Outreach

a. Did you perform any active public information/education efforts?

b. What types?

5. Anomalies or strange occurrences?

From the Desk of the Secretary-Treasurer

By Nina Krasavin

To all, I am very excited to have the IMVCA meeting in my hometown again.

Thank you for starting to register for the meeting. It has always been great how most of the members send their fees before the meeting so I can have the packets ready for you at registration.

Please let me know if you have any problems with hotel reservations. We negotiated a rate of $89 per night, which is the best the Hilton will give. If for some reason you only can pay the state approved rate, there are other hotels nearby. Please check because often there is an exception to the state rate if you stay at the "conference hotel".

As soon as I have the program for the meeting, it will be sent to all members and put on our homepage. Remember if you have any questions please don't hesitate to contact me.

Thank you.  Nina Krasavin, Secretary-Treasurer

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Acute Illnesses Associated With Insecticides Used to Control Bed Bugs --- Seven States, 2003—2010 September 23, 2011 / MMWR 60(37); 1269-1274

Suggested by Linn Haramis

“Although the number of acute illnesses from insecticides used to control bed bugs does not suggest a large public health burden, increases in bed bug populations that are resistant to commonly available insecticides might result in increased misuse of pesticides. Public health recommendations to prevent illnesses associated with insecticides used to control bed bugs include media campaigns to educate the public about bed bug--related issues, including nonchemical methods to control bed bugs, methods to prevent bed bug infestation (e.g., avoiding the purchase of used mattresses and box springs), and prudent use of effective insecticides (3). Persons who have a bed bug infestation should be encouraged to seek the services of a certified applicator that uses an IPM approach to avoid pesticide misuse. Persons applying insecticides should follow product instructions for safe and appropriate use. Insecticide labels that are easy to read and understand also can help prevent illnesses associated with bed bug control.”

Invasive Mosquitoes in Illinois: Asian Tigers and Rock Pool Mosquitoes continue to expand their Distribution.

BY JACK SWANSON, IDPH

The counties in Illinois that have reported Aedes albopictus for the first time in 2011 are Champaign and for japonicus McLean, DeWitt, Lee and Shelby. This brings the total number of counties reporting these invasive mosquitoes at least once to 36 for albopictus since 1986 and 23 for japonicus since 2006.

If time is available at the meeting I will provide a more detailed update of the distribution of these species.

PROMED INTERACTIVE MAP- also iPod/iPhone App

SUGGESTED BY RICHARD LAMPMAN

The ProMED interactive emerging infectious disease map can be accessed at . This map allows you to select the diseases of interest, ranging from avian influenza to Yellow Fever. It is particularly good for following West Nile virus transmission in the Eastern Hemisphere (see ProMED reports from Italy and Spain below).

Quote from ProMED Moderator

“Since 2009, Italy has reported the largest number of [West Nile virus] outbreaks in horses with 95 in 2010 and more than 100 in 2009. The greatest numbers have occurred in the later half of the year, with a significant uptick in September of 2009. So, the occurrence pattern appears to be right on schedule in Italy. Outbreaks in humans have been reported in the north of Italy already this year (2011) -- see ProMED-mail West Nile virus - Eurasia (07): Italy (VN) 20110821.2542. So, it appears as if humans were acting as sentinels for the horses this year. - Mod.PC”

“In Spain, West Nile virus was identified in both 2009 and 2010 but there wasn't any quantitative information in the OIE WAHID database. Additionally, Greece is currently experiencing an outbreak in both horses and people, and Russia is experiencing an outbreak in people but with no reports of outbreaks in horses, which may indicate a lack of surveillance in the equine population.

Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Hungary, Portugal, and Romania have reported at least the presence of West Nile since 2009, so those may be countries to watch this season. - Mod.PC”

Some Facts about Emerging Vector-borne Diseases

A BRIEF REVIEW BY RICHARD LAMPMAN

The majority of emerging and resurgent infectious diseases of humans are zoonotic (about 60% of these diseases have animal reservoirs for the pathogens). Viruses, protozoa, bacteria/rickettsia, fungi, and helminthes can be transmitted directly from animals to hosts by contact, aerosol, and oral routes or indirectly through a competent animal vectors. Vector-borne diseases have a significant burden on society due to death, disability, grief and suffering, medical care and diagnosis, vector management, and often numerous unforeseen externalities (e.g., blood and organ contamination, impact on trade and tourism, change in vectors and host species in transmission cycle, and altered virulence of pathogen). Vector-borne diseases are responsible for almost 16% of the estimated global burden for all infectious diseases and about 30% of the emerging diseases are vector-borne. For vector-borne diseases, the greatest burden is from tropical protozoans, based on

either mortality or disability adjusted life years. The greatest number of emerging pathogens is arboviruses: over 500 arboviruses described with 20 percent known to cause human disease. The primary vectors include mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, muscoid flies, fleas, lice, and true bugs (triatomids).

An externality is a side effect of the actions of one individual or entity on another individual or entities. Externalities are typically indirect consequences of a vector-borne disease or its management that have a significant impact on public health. Generally these are not fully appreciated prior to the outbreak. For example, West Nile virus was unexpectedly transmitted by blood transfusions and organ transplants from infected individuals (see blood donors from 2011 below). The flavivirus also dispersed more rapidly than anticipated and overwintered in areas where SLE normally periodically invaded, thus it became a perennial problem. The virus caused a greater mortality in avian and equine populations than expected from its European background.

[pic]

Cases of WNV blood donors

Things to do in Champaign-Urbana (with a little humor)

1. See Corn harvested

2. See Soybeans harvested

If all crops harvested, then –

3. Watch Sunrise

4. Watch Sunset, and

5. See Cows eat alfalfa and produce organic byproducts

Now for the real guide-

You could frequent some of the finer things in CU like Krannert Art Museum, Krannert Center (these two are on opposite ends of campus), Spurlock Museum, walk on the main campus (Quad and Union, don’t miss downstairs) or hit the campus-town eateries or the establishments in Champaign and Urbana. My favorites are Krannert Center and Oishi or Siam Terrace restaurants.

Literature To Read, Digest, And

Spread Around

Selections by R. L. Lampman (PLEASE SEND SUGGESTIONS IF YOU HAVE ANY TO richlamp@illinois.edu)

West Nile virus surveillance system: Implications for public health

E. Pultorak, Y. Nadler, D. Travis, A. Glaser, T. McNamara, S.D. Mehta

Public Health Volume 125, Issue 9, September 2011, Pages 592-599



Primary Causes of Death in Reported Cases of Fatal West Nile Fever, United States, 2002–2006. James J. Sejvar, Nicole P. Lindsey and Grant L. Campbell. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. February 2011, 11(2): 161-164.



Phylogeography of West Nile Virus: from the Cradle of Evolution in Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas,

Fiona J. May, C. Todd Davis, Robert B. Tesh and Alan D. T. Barrett. Journal of Virology, March 2011, p. 2964-2974, Vol. 85, No. 6



“Significantly, introduction into other geographic areas has occurred on one occasion only in each region, leading to subsequent establishment and expansion of the virus in these areas……In contrast to previous suggestions, an isolate from the epidemic in Israel in 1998 was not the direct progenitor of the NA epidemic; rather, both epidemics originated from the same (unknown) location.”

Molecular evolution of West Nile virus in a northern temperate region: Connecticut, USA 1999–2008. Philip M. Armstrong, Charles R. Vossbrinck, Theodore G. Andreadis, John F. Anderson, Kendra N. Pesko, Ruchi M. Newman, Niall J. Lennon, Bruce W. Birren, Gregory D. Ebel, Mathew R. Henn. Virology Volume 417, Issue 1, 15 August 2011, Pages 203-210

Numerous amino acid substitutions arose in the population but only one change, V→ A at position 159 of the envelope protein, became permanently fixed……Our results suggest that annual reemergence of WNV is driven by both reintroduction and local-overwintering of virus. Despite ongoing evolution of WNV, most amino acid variants occurred at low frequencies and were transient in the virus population.



“Bird biting” mosquitoes and human disease: A review of the role of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in epidemiology”. Ary Farajollahi, Dina M. Fonseca, Laura D. Kramer, A. Marm Kilpatrick “The adaptation of Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes to human-altered environments led to their global distribution through dispersal via humans and, combined with their mixed feeding patterns on birds and mammals (including humans), increased the transmission of several avian pathogens to humans.”

Comments in the IMVCA newsletter, email

Notes, and Small Bites Updates are reviewed by the IMVCA executive board, but they are the opinions of the

author(s) and not necessarily the opinion

of the association.

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