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Test bankChapter 23A Clash of Cultures, 1920–1929MULTIPLE CHOICE1.Political and social radicalism arose after World War I because:a.people had been bored by World War I’s rationing of goods.b.postwar culture was entering an era of bewildering change.c.southerners neglected agricultural responsibilities.d.northern cities asserted cultural superiority because of industry.e.President Woodrow Wilson encouraged opposition to old traditions.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Pages 853–854OBJ:1TOP:A “New Era” of Consumption (I)MSC:Analyzing2.In 1920, what percentage of homes in America had electricity?a.60d.25b.35e.75c.50ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 856OBJ:1TOP:The Rise of Mass Culture (I.b.)MSC:Remembering3.Charlie Chaplin is best associated with:a.politics.d.stand-up comedy.b.muckraking journalism.e.slapstick comedy.c.alternative comedy.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 857OBJ:1TOP:Movie-Made Culture (I.c.)MSC:Remembering4.The first radio station to begin broadcasting regularly scheduled programs was located in:a.Detroit.d.Pittsburgh.b.New York.e.Boston.c.Cleveland.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 857OBJ:1TOP:Radio (I.d.)MSC:Remembering5.What event aided the further development of the airplane?a.advances made in automobilesb.advertising on the radioc.political pressured.the development of lighter steele.increased industrial efforts for World War IANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 858OBJ:1TOP:Flying Machines (I.e.)MSC:Applying6.In 1920, how many cars were registered in the United States?a.4 milliond.10 millionb.6 millione.11 millionc.8 millionANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 858OBJ:1TOP:The Car Culture (I.f.)MSC:Remembering7.The “House That Ruth Built,” is also known as:a.Wrigley Field.d.Tiger Stadium.b.Yankee Stadium.e.Ebbets Field.c.Red Sox Field.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 860OBJ:3TOP:Spectator Sports (I.g.)MSC:Remembering8.Which one of the following is associated with Detroit, Michigan?a.airplane industryd.entertainment industryb.socialisme.automobile industryc.farmingANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 859OBJ:3TOP:The Car Culture (I.f.)MSC:Applying9.Margaret Sanger:a.was the first aviator to fly around the world.b.was the first person to advocate for birth control for women.c.was the first pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic.d.was the first woman elected to Congress.e.was an advocate of Prohibition.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 863OBJ:3TOP:A Sexual Revolution? (II.b.)MSC:Remembering10.What were the professional baseball leagues for African Americans called?a.Negro Leaguesd.Minor Leaguesb.Black Leaguese.Inner City Leaguesc.African American LeaguesANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 860OBJ:3TOP:Spectator Sports (I.g.)MSC:Remembering11.William Harrison “Jack” Dempsey is best associated with:a.football.d.boxing.b.baseball.e.radio.c.horse racing.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 860OBJ:3TOP:Spectator Sports (I.g.)MSC:Remembering12.The amendment to the Constitution that barred the manufacture or sale of intoxicating liquors (Prohibition) went into effect in:a.1911.d.1928.b.1920.e.1932.c.1922.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 853OBJ:3TOP:A “New Era” of Consumption (I)MSC:Remembering13.Which amendment to the Constitution is known as the Prohibition amendment?a.Seventeenthd.Twentiethb.Eighteenthe.Twenty-firstc.NineteenthANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 853OBJ:3TOP:A “New Era” of Consumption (I)MSC:Remembering14.The desire to restore traditional values and social stability in 1920 led voters to elect as president:a.Woodrow Wilson.d.Warren G. Harding.b.Calvin Coolidge.e.William Jennings Bryan.c.Theodore Roosevelt.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 853OBJ:3TOP:A “New Era” of Consumption (I)MSC:Remembering15.Who celebrated the jazz era’s spontaneity and sensual vitality?a.Sherwood Andersond.Sinclair Lewisb.Countee Cullene.F. Scott Fitzgeraldc.James Weldon JohnsonANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 860OBJ:2TOP:The “Jazz Age” (II)MSC:Remembering16.The Roaring Twenties was dubbed the “Jazz Age” by:a.Upton Sinclair.d.Louis Armstrong.b.Ernest Hemingway.e.F. Scott Fitzgerald.c.Langston Hughes.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 861OBJ:2TOP:The Birth of Jazz (II.a.)MSC:Remembering17.The novel This Side of Paradise concerned:a.immigrant life in New York City.b.the lax enforcement of Prohibition.c.modernist student life at Princeton.d.fundamentalist attacks on modernism.e.the beginnings of Miami’s tourist industry.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 861OBJ:3TOP:The Birth of Jazz (II.a.)MSC:Remembering18.The Armory Show in 1913:a.was a controversial exhibition of modern art.b.introduced many women to new clothing fashions.c.featured poetry readings by Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot.d.showed the continuing appeal of traditional values.e.led directly to woman suffrage.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 873OBJ:4TOP:Modernist Art and Literature (III.b.)MSC:Remembering19.After encountering strong resistance, Mabel Puffer and Arthur Hazzard:a.were married in New Hampshire.b.were never allowed to marry.c.were married in New York.d.were married in Canada.e.were really not engaged to be married.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 865OBJ:2TOP:A Sexual Revolution? (II.b.)MSC:Remembering20.The movement of southern blacks to the North:a.was called the “Great Migration.”b.created the rise of the Ku Klux Klan.c.saw many African Americans return to Africa.d.was so large that southern agriculture was interrupted.e.meant industry could no longer hire whites.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 866OBJ:3TOP:African American Life (II.h.)MSC:Remembering21.The Harlem Renaissance:a.made the connection between the African American experience and the legal structure of Rome.b.emphasized socialism as the means to black empowerment.c.sought to rediscover black folk culture.d.was confined to jazz.e.embraced Booker T. Washington’s conciliatory strategy.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 867OBJ:3TOP:The Harlem Renaissance (II.j.)MSC:Applying22.James Weldon Johnson coined the term:a.Aframerican.d.bootlegger.b.progressivism.e.Negro.c.flapper.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 869OBJ:3TOP:Garveyism (II.k.)MSC:Remembering23.The Universal Negro Improvement Association:a.sponsored black artists and writers.b.was led by Marcus Garvey.c.promoted Booker T. Washington’s idea of racial peace through accommodation.d.was the forerunner of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.e.was conceived by W.E.B. Du Bois.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 869OBJ:3TOP:Garveyism (II.k.)MSC:Remembering24.Marcus Garvey:a.sought reconciliation with southern whites.b.said blacks should return to Africa.c.was a revered jazz saxophonist.d.helped lead the suffragist movement.e.was allied with W.E.B. Du Bois.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 869OBJ:3TOP:Garveyism (II.k.)MSC:Remembering25.Which of the following did W.E.B. Du Bois say in his opposition to Marcus Garvey?a.“We have to rid ourselves of this viper.”b.“[He] will help only his friends and not the great mass of black people.”c.“[He] thinks that black people only are good enough to be plumbers.”d.“[He] believes himself to be the very second coming of Christ.”e.“[He] is the most dangerous enemy of the Negro Race.…He is either a lunatic or a traitor.”ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 870OBJ:3TOP:Garveyism (II.k.)MSC:Remembering26.The NAACP emphasized:a.enforcement of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution.b.the formation of a black political party.c.vocational and technical education.d.Du Bois’s concept of supporting the Talented Tenth.e.strictly black membership.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 867OBJ:3TOP:The NAACP (II.i.)MSC:Applying27.Charles A. Lindbergh Jr., a St. Louis–based mail pilot, made the first solo transatlantic flight, traveling from New York to Paris in:a.1929.d.1920.b.1928.e.1927.c.1926.ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 858OBJ:3TOP:Flying Machines (I.e.)MSC:Remembering28.Who in 1921 told Hemingway that he and his friends who had served in the war “are a lost generation?”a.Gertrude Steind.Franz Boasb.Ezra Pounde.Ernest Hemingwayc.T. S. EliotANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 875OBJ:4TOP:The “Lost Generation” (III.e.)MSC:Remembering29.In physics, the theory of relativity was developed and explained by:a.Albert Einstein.d.Werner Heisenberg.b.Isaac Newton.e.Sir Francis Bacon.c.Max Planck.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 871OBJ:4TOP:Albert Einstein (III.a.)MSC:Remembering30.In physics, who developed the theoretical basis of quantum theory?a.Albert Einsteind.Werner Heisenbergb.Isaac Newtone.Sir Francis Baconc.Max PlanckANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 871OBJ:4TOP:Albert Einstein (III.a.)MSC:Remembering31.The theories of relativity and quantum physics led people to:a.hold petting parties.b.enter retirement.c.deny the relevance of absolute values in society at large.d.recognize jazz’s role in destabilizing American society.e.embrace the notion that human reason is immutable.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 872OBJ:4TOP:Modernist Art and Literature (III.b.)MSC:Applying32.Gertrude Stein was a(n):a.disc jockey.d.freedom fighter in World War I.b.Dada artist.e.member of Congress.c.experimentalist poet.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 874OBJ:4TOP:Pound, Eliot, and Stein (III.d.)MSC:Applying33.Modernists in art and literature recognized:a.nature’s reality can be captured in art.b.human reason ruled all of nature.c.science and art had no connection.d.art, in the end, had rules that should be obeyed.e.new technologies and embraced scientific discovery.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 872OBJ:4TOP:Modernist Art and Literature (III.b.)MSC:Applying34.F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote about:a.rational people dedicated to traditional values.b.“real” life punctuated by the doomed, war-tainted love affairs of young Americans.c.patriotic fervor among the American expatriate writers in Paris.d.masculinity and a desperate search for life.e.hope and happiness in America’s heartland.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 875OBJ:4TOP:The “Lost Generation” (III.e.)MSC:Applying35.Fitzgerald’s stories during the 1920s were:a.written for Hollywood.d.nonfiction.b.painfully autobiographical.e.about science.c.not discovered until the 1960s.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 875OBJ:4TOP:The “Lost Generation” (III.e.)MSC:Applying36.Hemingway used the phrase “lost generation” as the epigraph in:a.A Farewell to Arms (1929).d.Three Lives (1909).b.This Side of Paradise (1920).e.The Sun Also Rises (1926).c.The Waste Land (1922).ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 875OBJ:4TOP:The “Lost Generation” (III.e.)MSC:Remembering37.All of the following were prophets of modern art and literature EXCEPT:a.Ezra Pound.d.T. S. Eliot.b.Edward Bellamy.e.Ernest Hemingway.c.Gertrude Stein.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Pages 874OBJ:4TOP:Pound, Eliot, and Stein (III.d.)MSC:Remembering38.Margaret Sanger’s initial efforts to educate the public about birth control and responsibility were aimed at:a.upper class women.d.fathers.b.lower class women.e.mothers.c.teens.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 864OBJ:4TOP:Margaret Sanger and Birth Control (II.d.)MSC:Remembering39.Who was the New York nurse and midwife in the working-class tenements of Manhattan who observed many young mothers struggling to provide for their growing families?a.Gertrude Steind.Amelia Earhartb.T. S. Eliote.Ernest Hemingwayc.Margaret SangerANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 863OBJ:4TOP:Margaret Sanger and Birth Control (II.d.)MSC:Remembering40.Which court case or legal action brought the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments back to life?a.Abrams v. United States (1919)d.Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)b.Schenck v. United States (1919)e.Guinn v. United States (1915)c.Buchanan v. Worley (1917)ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 867OBJ:4TOP:The NAACP (II.i.)MSC:RememberingChapter 24The Reactionary TwentiesMULTIPLE CHOICE1.The progressive coalition that elected Woodrow Wilson president dissolved by 1920 for all the following reasons EXCEPT:a.many of the progressive reforms still seemed unattainable.b.intellectuals became disillusioned because of the anti-evolution movement.c.intellectuals became disillusioned with the grassroots democracy of popular support for the Ku Klux Klan.d.it was interested in restoring a “new era” of prosperity based on mass production and mass consumption.e.Prohibition was widely unpopular.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 888OBJ:1TOP:A Republican Resurgence (II)MSC:Analyzing2.In his 1920 campaign for president, Warren G. Harding said the country needed a return to:a.energetic government.d.experimentation.b.patriotism.e.progressivism.c.normalcy.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 889OBJ:3TOP:Harding and “Normalcy” (II.a.)MSC:Remembering3.The result in the presidential election of 1920 might be attributed to:a.the smear campaign directed against Democratic candidate A. Mitchell Palmer.b.the fact that Americans in the 1920s were “tired of issues, sick at heart of ideals, and weary of being noble.”c.southerners who expressed their displeasure at President Wilson’s policies by voting Republican.d.the lack of women voters in that election.e.all of the above.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 889OBJ:3TOP:Harding and “Normalcy” (II.a.)MSC:Analyzing4.Which one of the following is associated with Dayton, Tennessee?a.Paul Gauguind.the Scopes trialb.F. Scott Fitzgeralde.Ernest Hemingwayc.the lynching of three Italian anarchistsANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 883OBJ:5TOP:Fundamentalism (I.c.)MSC:Remembering5.Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were:a.convicted of bombing eight army supply trucks.b.two Italian-born anarchists sentenced to death and executed even though there was doubt as to their guilt.c.finally exonerated of the charges of payroll robbery and murder.d.murdered by members of the Ku Klux Klan.e.the New York Yankees’ double-play combination during the 1920s.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 880OBJ:3TOP:Sacco and Vanzetti (I.a.)MSC:Remembering6.The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921:a.created chaos in the federal budget process.b.caused a rift within the Democratic party concerning the budget.c.formed a new Bureau of the Budget to streamline the process of preparing an annual federal budget.d.imposed a tax to rewrite the budget process.e.brought an end to state budgets.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 890OBJ:2TOP:Andrew Mellon and the Economy (II.c.)MSC:Remembering7.Harding’s secretary of the Treasury:a.favored retaining the high wartime level of taxation to build up the public treasury.b.favored a reduction of the high wartime level of taxation, but mainly for the rich.c.favored a reduction of the high wartime level of taxation, but mainly for the poor and middle class.d.persuaded Congress to drop the personal income tax instituted under Wilson.e.supported calling in all loans to Europe.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 890OBJ:3TOP:Andrew Mellon and the Economy (II.c.)MSC:Remembering8.Harding’s secretary of the Treasury, who pushed tax cuts for the wealthy, was:a.Herbert Hoover.d.Albert Fall.b.Andrew Mellon.e.Calvin Coolidge.c.Charles Evans Hughes.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 890OBJ:3TOP:Andrew Mellon and the Economy (II.c.)MSC:Remembering9.As a result of the Scopes trial:a.Tennessee’s anti-evolution law was declared unconstitutional.b.the fundamentalist movement disappeared.c.William Jennings Bryan’s political career was revived.d.John T. Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution.e.Clarence Darrow’s legal career faded into obscurity.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 885OBJ:2TOP:The Scopes Trial (I.d.)MSC:Remembering10.The biggest scandal of the Harding administration:a.led to an attempt to impeach Harding that fell just four votes short of success in the House of Representatives.b.concerned a corrupt U.S. customs official who had regularly allowed Chinese imports into the country duty-free.c.was the impeachment of the attorney general for fraudulent handling of German assets seized after World War I.d.was his fathering a child out of wedlock.e.involved the leasing of government-owned oil deposits to private companies.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 894OBJ:3TOP:The Harding Scandals (II.j.)MSC:Remembering11.Which of the members of Harding’s cabinet was jailed for his role in the Teapot Dome scandal?a.Charles Evans Hughesd.Calvin Coolidgeb.Andrew Mellone.Albert Fallc.Henry C. WallaceANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 895OBJ:3TOP:The Harding Scandals (II.j.)MSC:Remembering12.Despite the many well-founded criticisms of Warren G. Harding as president, he was a visionary for his era in the field of:a.civil rights.d.business regulation.b.economic development.e.bank development.ernment oversight.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 891OBJ:1TOP:Racial Progressivism (II.e.)MSC:Applying13.Of the following presidents, which one served as vice president?a.Warren G. Hardingd.Franklin D. Rooseveltb.Calvin Coolidgee.Woodrow Wilsonc.Herbert HooverANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 895OBJ:1TOP:Coolidge Conservatism (II.k.)MSC:Applying14.Harding’s administration is most remembered for:a.the fact that he died while in office.b.the poor state of the economy while he was president.c.his promotion of the arts and culture.d.the scandals that plagued it.e.its overwhelming popularity with the American people.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 895OBJ:1TOP:The Harding Scandals (II.j.)MSC:Applying15.During the 1924 presidential election:a.Robert M. La Follette barely won the nomination of a faction-ridden Republican party.b.the Democratic candidate almost upset the Republican candidate.c.Calvin Coolidge swept both the popular and electoral votes with decisive majorities.d.A. Mitchell Palmer was the Democratic candidate.e.Herbert Hoover challenged Coolidge for the Republican nomination.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 897OBJ:1TOP:Coolidge Conservatism (II.k.)MSC:Remembering16.John W. Davis:a.was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924.b.invented the radio.c.starred in The Jazz Singer.d.was the first head of the Federal Communications Commission.e.was one of the first great liberal Democrats.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 897OBJ:2TOP:The Election of 1924 (II.n.)MSC:Remembering17.Robert M. La Follette’s 1924 presidential campaign:a.was supported by the Socialists and organized labor.b.resulted in one of the best third-party showings in history.c.was as candidate for the Progressive party.d.is correctly represented by all of the above statements.e.none of the above.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 897OBJ:2TOP:The Election of 1924 (II.n.)MSC:Remembering18.The immigration quota laws passed in the 1920s:a.favored immigrants from northern and western Europe.b.encouraged Asians to immigrate to America.c.set strict limits on immigration from Mexico.d.rescinded the Gentlemen’s Agreement accepted during Theodore Roosevelt’s administration.e.favored immigrants from southern and eastern Europe.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 880OBJ:3TOP:Reactionary Conservatism and Immigration Restriction (I)MSC:Remembering19.Who created the Federal Radio Commission?a.Andrew Mellond.Calvin Coolidgeb.Robert La Follettee.Herbert Hooverc.Warren HardingANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 899OBJ:1TOP:The 1928 Election: Hoover Versus Smith (III.c.)MSC:Remembering20.Coolidge’s administration was marked by:a.a continuation of the post–World War I economic slump.b.continued tax breaks for the lower and middle classes at the expense of the upper class.c.prosperity.d.the creation of the Internal Revenue Service, which drastically reformed taxation formulas and duty lists.e.a slow economic downturn.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 897OBJ:4TOP:Coolidge Conservatism (II.k.)MSC:Remembering21.In Texas, the Klan focused on:a.terrorizing blacks.b.terrorizing Jews.c.imposing its severe view of righteous Protestant morality on others.d.terrorizing immigrants.e.terrorizing poor whites.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 882OBJ:2TOP:The New Klan (I.b.)MSC:Remembering22.The 1924 immigration law:a.stopped the illegal flow of immigrants into the United States.b.set strict yearly limits on the number of immigrants allowed into the country.c.continued an open-door policy, whereby almost all new arrivals would be admitted.d.encouraged immigration from Japan and China.e.restricted immigration to those from eastern Europe.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 880OBJ:4TOP:Reactionary Conservatism and Immigration Restriction (I)MSC:Remembering23.Which of the following is NOT true of the McNary-Haugen plan?a.It drew the rural South and West together in defense of agriculture.b.It was passed by both houses of Congress but vetoed by President Coolidge.c.It promised crops would be sold on the world market in order to raise domestic prices.d.It was intended to raise domestic farm prices.e.It was supported by Coolidge as a way to empower farmers.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 899OBJ:4TOP:The Business of Farming (III.b.)MSC:Applying24.The McNary-Haugen bill:a.called for crops to be sold on the world market to raise domestic prices.b.failed to pass Congress in 1922 but passed in 1927 with the support of President Coolidge.c.effectively raised domestic commodity prices.d.was viewed with derision by American farmers.e.resulted in significant technological developments.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 899OBJ:4TOP:The Business of Farming (III.b.)MSC:Remembering25.In the 1920s, labor unions:a.won a number of important victories in the Supreme Court.b.gained about 1.5 million members.c.lost a substantial number of members.d.were helped by the prosperity of the decade.e.enjoyed the support of Republican presidents.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 891OBJ:1TOP:Setbacks for Unions (II.f.)MSC:Remembering26.During the 1928 presidential election, the Democrats nominated:a.Franklin D. Roosevelt.d.Alfred E. Smith.b.Herbert Hoover.e.Harry Truman.c.Rex Tugwell.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 900OBJ:3TOP:The 1928 Election: Hoover Versus Smith (III.c.)MSC:Remembering27.In 1928, Democratic presidential nominee Alfred E. Smith was hurt by the fact that he was a(n):a.New Yorker and a Roman Catholic.d.supporter of Prohibition.b.boring public speaker.e.actor.c.member of the Ku Klux Klan.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 900OBJ:3TOP:The 1928 Election: Hoover Versus Smith (III.c.)MSC:Remembering28.Of all the causes of the stock market crash of October 1929, the greatest culprit was:a.Hoover’s tax policies.b.the weak foundation of the 1920s economy.c.international monetary policy.d.unethical practices on Wall Street.e.union influences on business.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 901OBJ:5TOP:The Stock Market (IV.a.)MSC:Analyzing29.Part of the reason for the stock market crash was the:a.high rate of deflation in the 1920s.b.tax policies of the 1920s that hurt the wealthy, who might otherwise have bought more stocks.c.buying of great amounts of stock on margin.d.low tariff, which allowed imports to corner several important American markets.e.remarkably poor returns on government bonds in 1929.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 901OBJ:5TOP:The Stock Market (IV.a.)MSC:Analyzing30.Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Great Depression?a.Policy makers moved away from the gold standard.b.Corporate structures had been bloated by the success of the 1920s but were unprepared for the tightening of the economy.c.Andrew Mellon was overconfident in the power of market capitalism to right itself.d.Much of the profit that had been taken during the 1920s had been put back into companies rather than saved or invested in other ways.e.A decline in the public consumption of goods led to a lower rate of investment in new plants.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 901OBJ:5TOP:The Stock Market (IV.a.)MSC:Analyzing31.The tariff policy of the early 1920s:a.made it easier for other nations to sell to the United States.b.made it harder for other nations to sell to the United States.c.made it easier for other nations to repay their war debts.d.led Americans to cut back on loans and investments abroad.e.had virtually no effect on the average American, but significantly limited businesses.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 904OBJ:2TOP:Government’s Role (IV.d.)MSC:Applying32.How many people were out of work in early 1933?a.12,000d.12 millionb.120,000e.1.2 billionc.1.2 millionANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 906OBJ:5TOP:Unemployment and “Relief” (V.a.)MSC:Remembering33.Which amendment to the constitution is known as the Prohibition amendment?a.Seventeenthd.Twentiethb.Eighteenthe.Twenty-firstc.NineteenthANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 886OBJ:5TOP:Prohibition (I.e.)MSC:Applying34.Whose campaign pledge stated he would “safeguard” America first?a.Al Smithd.Eugene Debsb.Herbert Hoovere.Theodore Rooseveltc.Warren G. HardingANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 889OBJ:5TOP:Harding and “Normalcy” (II.a.)MSC:Remembering35.The amendment to the constitution that barred the manufacture or sale of intoxicating liquors was ratified in:a.1911.d.1931.b.1932.e.1919.c.1928.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 886OBJ:5TOP:Prohibition (I.e.)MSC:Applying36.Unable to convict Al Capone on bootlegging charges, the federal government arrested him for:a.illegal immigration activities.d.tax evasion.b.drug trafficking.e.prostitution.c.contempt of Congress.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 888OBJ:5TOP:Prohibition (I.e.)MSC:Remembering37.The Klan attracted all of the following groups EXCEPT:a.clergymen.d.doctors.b.engineers.e.lawyers.c.immigrants.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 881OBJ:2TOP:The New Klan (I.b.)MSC:Applying38.David C. Stephenson:a.was the Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan.b.was twice elected governor of Indiana.c.was born into a family of sharecroppers.d.supported the continuation of Prohibition.e.was a graduate of the Naval Academy.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 882OBJ:2TOP:The New Klan (I.b.)MSC:Remembering39.William Jennings Bryan:a.believed evolution should be taught in science classes.b.prosecuted John Scopes for teaching evolution in the Dayton, Tennessee, evolution case.c.was the mayor of Dayton, Tennessee.d.was a vocal supporter of the Ku Klux Klan.e.advocated Prohibition.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 883OBJ:5TOP:Fundamentalism (I.c.)MSC:Remembering40.Andrew Mellon was Harding’s:a.secretary of the Treasury.d.secretary of commerce.b.secretary of state.e.attorney general.c.secretary of war.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 890OBJ:2TOP:Andrew Mellon and the Economy (II.c.)MSC:RememberingChapter 25The Great Depression, 1929–1939MULTIPLE CHOICE1.In 1932, how many millions of people were unemployed in America?a.25d.40b.35e.50c.15ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 917OBJ:1TOP:Congressional Initiatives (I.e.)MSC:Remembering2.In 1933, President Roosevelt confronted all the following major challenges EXCEPT:a.reviving the economy.b.relieving the widespread human misery.c.defending the country against communism.d.rescuing the farm sector.e.rescuing the desperate farm families.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 921OBJ:1TOP:Shoring up the Financial System (I.n.)MSC:Remembering3.On his second day in office, Franklin D. Roosevelt called upon Congress to meet in a special session on March 9 to pass the:a.Emergency Banking Relief Act.d.Farm Credit Act.b.Beer-Wine Revenue Act.e.Agricultural Adjustment Act.c.Emergency Farm Mortgage Act.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 922OBJ:1TOP:Banking Regulation (I.o.)MSC:Remembering4.On March 12, in the first of his radio-broadcast “fireside chats,” the president:a.promised to push through a bank bailout bill worth more than $7 billion.b.announced he would use his emergency powers to nationalize the banking industry.c.ordered strict limits on the issuance of paper currency.d.ordered the Federal Reserve Board to lower interest rates.e.assured the 60 million Americans listening that it was safer to “keep your money in a reopened bank than under the mattress.”ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 922OBJ:1TOP:Banking Regulation (I.o.)MSC:Remembering5.The first large-scale experiment with federal work relief, which put people directly on the government payroll at competitive wages, came with the formation of the:a.Civil Works Administration.d.Federal Bureau of Investigation.b.Public Works Administration.e.Capitol Police Force.c.Social Security Administration.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 923OBJ:4TOP:Putting People to Work (I.s.)MSC:Remembering6.The main purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps was to:a.train young men for the Army Corps of Engineers.b.provide work relief for young men.c.give young women an opportunity to earn money for higher education.d.promote conservation practices by the general public.e.build environmental education projects at the first national parks.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 924OBJ:1TOP:Helping the Unemployed and Homeless (I.r.)MSC:Analyzing7.The goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to raise farm income, mainly through:a.cutbacks in production.b.intensive farming.c.a government takeover of the commodity trade in Chicago.d.state and federal subsidies.e.marketing quotas.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 926OBJ:4TOP:Helping the Unemployed and Homeless (I.r.)MSC:Applying8.South Carolina Senator Ellison “Cotton Ed” Smith:a.was FDR’s staunchest ally in the South.b.was appointed head of the Public Works Administration.c.was Huey Long’s running mate for vice president in 1936.d.cringed at the thought of Roosevelt running for a fourth term.e.came up with the term “New Deal.”ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 944OBJ:3TOP:A Halfway Revolution (III.j.)MSC:Applying9.The head of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration was:a.Frances Perkins.d.Hugh Johnson.b.Harry Hopkins.e.John Nance Garner.c.Henry Wallace.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 923OBJ:4TOP:Helping the Unemployed and Homeless (I.r.)MSC:Remembering10.What organization sought to set workplace standards, such as child labor restrictions?a.Agricultural Adjustment Administrationb.Federal Emergency Relief Administrationc.National Recovery Administrationd.Works Progress Administratione.Civilian Conservation CorpsANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 926OBJ:4TOP:Agricultural Assistance (I.v.)MSC:Remembering11.Codes of fair practice were part of the:a.Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.d.Public Works Administration.b.Home Owners’ Loan Corporation.e.Works Progress Administration.c.National Recovery Administration.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 925OBJ:4TOP:Reviving the Industrial Sector (I.u.)MSC:Remembering12.The fair practices codes of the National Recovery Administration did all of the following EXCEPT:a.prohibit child labor.b.establish minimum wages of $13 per week.c.set a forty-hour workweek.d.break up large corporations.e.establish a minimum wage of $12 per week in the South.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 925OBJ:4TOP:Reviving the Industrial Sector (I.u.)MSC:Applying13.To earn the federal payments for reducing crops:a.tenants and sharecroppers had to stick with lucrative staples such as cotton.b.farmers had to let fields go idle for three years in a row.c.many landowners kicked out black tenants in favor of whites.d.farmers often starved because they were not allowed to grow even small vegetable gardens.e.many landowners took their leased lands out of production.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 926OBJ:4TOP:Agricultural Assistance (I.v.)MSC:Remembering14.The Tennessee Valley Authority, as a multipurpose public corporation, included all of the following states EXCEPT:a.Louisiana.d.Illinois.b.Alabama.e.Kentucky.c.Georgia.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 928OBJ:4TOP:The Tennessee Valley Authority (I.x.)MSC:Remembering15.All of the following were among the objectives of the Tennessee Valley Authority EXCEPT:a.the production of cheap electric power.b.the development of Smoky Mountain National Park.c.providing jobs.d.soil conservation and forestry.e.opening rivers to boats and barges.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 928OBJ:4TOP:The Tennessee Valley Authority (I.x.)MSC:Applying16.Because of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Tennessee River became:a.the water source for Atlanta, Birmingham, Nashville, and hundreds of small towns.b.known as the “Great Lakes of the South.”c.the most polluted river in the nation.d.known as “the Southern Snake.”e.“politicized nature,” as Alabama refused to accept “socialized electricity.”ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 928OBJ:2TOP:The Tennessee Valley Authority (I.x.)MSC:Applying17.The dust bowl can be associated with:a.large migrations from the impacted area to the Atlantic coast.b.terrible storms that plagued the Great Basin.c.a severe blow to farmers in Illinois, Ohio, and Wisconsin.d.the blowing away of millions of acres of topsoil.e.a famous movie made by the Works Progress Administration filmmaker Ansel Adams.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 926OBJ:5TOP:Dust Bowl Migrants (I.w.)MSC:Remembering18.Frequently lumped together as “Okies” or “Arkies,” dust bowl refugees:a.mostly died in California in 1937 and 1938.b.faked their status to get free food.c.came from from cotton belt communities.d.ended up working as miners in the Sierra.e.never made it to California.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 926OBJ:5TOP:Dust Bowl Migrants (I.w.)MSC:Applying19.Whose campaign song was “Happy Days Are Here Again”?a.Alfred Smithd.Eugene Debsb.Franklin D. Roosevelte.Theodore Rooseveltc.Herbert HooverANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 918OBJ:4TOP:The 1932 Election (I.g.)MSC:Remembering20.Who directed the Bureau of Indian Affairs during the New Deal?a.Charles E. Coughlind.John Collierb.F. Scott Fitzgeralde.Huey Longc.Charles CurtisANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 933OBJ:4TOP:Native Americans and the Depression (II.d.)MSC:Remembering21.The Indian Reorganization Act:a.attempted to reinvigorate traditional Indian cultures.b.broke up tribal lands and allocated them to individuals.c.had the support of western congressmen and assimilated Indians.d.was the brainchild of Henry Dawes.e.reorganized tribal leaders into nonvoting members of Congress.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 933OBJ:5TOP:Native Americans and the Depression (II.d.)MSC:Remembering22.Eleanor Roosevelt:a.primarily played the role of White House hostess.b.had more influence than her husband in shaping New Deal policies.c.was an official member of FDR’s cabinet.d.was especially supportive of women, blacks, and organized labor.e.became most famous for her fireside chats.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 929OBJ:5TOP:Eleanor Roosevelt (I.y.)MSC:Remembering23.Who is known as “Kingfish”?a.Charles Coughlind.Francis Townsendb.Theodore Roosevelte.Alfred Smithc.Huey LongANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 933OBJ:3TOP:Huey Long (II.f.)MSC:Remembering24.Huey Long:a.developed a program called Share-the-Wealth.b.founded the National Union for Social Justice.c.challenged FDR for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1936.plained that the New Deal had gone too far by infringing on “the rights of persons and property.”e.called Social Security a “socialistic share-the-wealth program.”ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 933OBJ:3TOP:Huey Long (II.f.)MSC:Remembering25.Huey Long’s program to end the Depression:a.was a plan to share the wealth.b.emphasized tax breaks for big business.c.involved the creation of a fascist dictatorship.d.called for unadulterated free-market capitalism.e.involved closing down Wall Street brokerage firms.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 934OBJ:3TOP:Huey Long (II.f.)MSC:Remembering26.Charles E. Coughlin:a.was the “radio priest.”b.headed the Tennessee Valley Authority.c.headed the Bureau of Indian Affairs.d.wrote Uncle Tom’s Children.e.ran on the Union ticket with Huey Long.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 935OBJ:3TOP:Father Coughlin (II.h.)MSC:Remembering27.Who was the California doctor who called for old-age pensions from the government?a.Henry Morgenthaud.Francis Townsendb.Arthur Lovejoye.Harold Ickesc.William FriedmanANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 934OBJ:3TOP:The Townsend Plan (II.g.)MSC:Remembering28.In the case of Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States, the Supreme Court:a.overturned the Farm Credit Act.b.overturned the National Industrial Recovery Act.c.decided that Schechter was involved in interstate, not local, trade.d.upheld the constitutionality of the second Agricultural Adjustment Act.e.said that the Agricultural Adjustment Act was unconstitutional.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 935OBJ:3TOP:Opposition from the Court (II.i.)MSC:Remembering29.All of the following statements are true of the National Youth Administration EXCEPT:a.it provided part-time employment to students.b.it was part of the Works Progress Administration.c.it set up technical training programs.d.it was the parent organization for the Civilian Conservation Corps.e.it provided Richard Nixon with a job.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 936OBJ:4TOP:The Second New Deal (III)MSC:Applying30.The National Labor Relations Act:a.was upheld by the Supreme Court in United States v. Butler.b.gave jobs to several thousand unemployed miners.c.was often called the Wagner Act.d.was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1935.e.gave employers the right to control union activities.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 937OBJ:4TOP:The Wagner Act (III.b.)MSC:Remembering31.Which of the following statements about the Social Security Act is NOT true?a.It was, according to Roosevelt, the “supreme achievement” of the New Deal.b.It committed the national government to a broad range of welfare activities.c.It provided old-age pensions.d.It was based on a progressive tax that took a larger percentage of higher incomes.e.It was a regressive tax that pinched the poor more than the rich.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Pages 937–938OBJ:2TOP:Social Security (III.c.)MSC:Applying32.Which of the following refused to apply for a Social Security card?a.Alfred E. Smithd.Franklin D. Rooseveltb.Herbert Hoovere.Eugene Debsc.Theodore RooseveltANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 939OBJ:3TOP:Taxing the Rich (III.d.)MSC:Remembering33.The Revenue Act of 1935 (sometimes called the Wealth-Tax Act):a.provided for a regressive tax.b.increased federal revenue significantly and thus helped finance the New Deal.c.raised taxes on incomes above $50,000.d.created a more equal distribution of wealth in America.e.was an FDR response to Long’s soak-the-rich tax.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 939OBJ:4TOP:Taxing the Rich (III.d.)MSC:Remembering34.During the presidential election of 1936:a.African Americans voted overwhelmingly Republican for the first time since Reconstruction.b.Republicans won most of the western farm vote and almost upset Roosevelt.c.Republicans hoped that third-party candidates might split the Democratic vote and throw the election to them.d.Socialist and Communist candidates together received more than 2 million votes.e.Roosevelt’s illness put vice-presidential candidate Harry Truman in the spotlight.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 941OBJ:3TOP:Roosevelt’s Second Term (III.f.)MSC:Applying35.During the 1936 election, Roosevelt wound up carrying every state except:a.Maine and Ohio.d.New Jersey and Florida.b.Iowa and Vermont.e.Utah and Texas.c.Maine and Vermont.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 941OBJ:2TOP:Roosevelt’s Second Term (III.f.)MSC:Remembering36.Which is true of the 1936 presidential election?a.FDR was reelected, but Republicans made big gains in Congress.b.Huey Long ran one of the strongest third-party campaigns in history.c.FDR defeated Alfred M. Landon in a landslide.d.Concerns over the coming war in Europe dominated the campaign.e.FDR won every state but Texas.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 941OBJ:2TOP:Roosevelt’s Second Term (III.f.)MSC:Applying37.In early 1937, FDR proposed to reform the Supreme Court by:a.requiring justices to retire at age seventy.b.adding up to six additional members.c.removing justices appointed by previous presidents.d.making justices regularly run for election.e.requiring Senate-confirmation hearings.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 941OBJ:3TOP:The Court-Packing Plan (III.g.)MSC:Remembering38.Roosevelt’s court-packing scheme became unnecessary when:a.the Supreme Court ruled that the president, and not Congress, has authority to adjust the number of justices.b.the Supreme Court agreed to an extension of the number of justices.c.Congress removed cases involving the New Deal from the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction.d.the Supreme Court began reversing previous judgments and upholding the New Deal.e.he began using executive orders to circumvent the Supreme Court.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 942OBJ:4TOP:The Court-Packing Plan (III.g.)MSC:Applying39.Labor’s new direction in the late 1930s was toward:a.decentralization of union organization.d.the Republican party.b.industrial unions.e.craft unions.c.women in unions.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 940OBJ:2TOP:A New Direction for Unions (III.e.)MSC:Remembering40.The “sit-down strike” was used successfully in 1937 by:a.black workers.d.automobile workers.b.southern workers.e.western miners.c.steelworkers.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 940OBJ:5TOP:A New Direction for Unions (III.e.)MSC:RememberingChapter 26The Second World War, 1933–1945MULTIPLE CHOICE1.In early 1942, the biggest challenge the United States faced in the Atlantic was:a.German submarine warfare.b.German aircraft carrier attacks.c.German blitzkrieg.d.German espionage.e.German American disloyalty.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 961OBJ:3TOP:War in the Atlantic (II.p.)MSC:Applying2.By late 1942, the United States effectively countered German advantages in the Atlantic with what strategic response?a.aerial bombardmentd.espionageb.cross channel invasione.subchasersc.dropping the atomic bombANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 975OBJ:3TOP:The Battle of the Atlantic (IV.d.)MSC:Remembering3.From late 1941 into early 1942, during World War II in the Pacific:a.there was a string of American victories that put Japan on the defensive.b.there was a succession of Japanese victories that saw numerous Allied outposts fall.c.the Japanese in the Philippines surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur.d.the Japanese invaded and captured Australia.e.China finally surrendered to Japan.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 985OBJ:4TOP:The Pacific War (V)MSC:Remembering4.The country that suffered the most deaths in the fighting of World War II was:a.the United States.d.Britain.b.Germany.e.the Soviet Union.c.Japan.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 991OBJ:3TOP:Why did the Allies Win? (VI.a.)MSC:Applying5.Following the declaration of war:a.a surge of volunteerism allowed the repeal of the Selective Service Act to end the draft.b.all men and women between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted.c.women between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted, while men were exempt from the draft due to an excess of volunteers.d.men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted.e.the draft was enacted for the first time in American history.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 958OBJ:2TOP:A Savage Debate (II.k.)MSC:Applying6.What agency was created to direct industrial conversion to war production?merce Departmentb.War Production Boardc.Treasury Departmentd.Office of Scientific Research and Developmente.Office of War InformationANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 965OBJ:2TOP:Arsenal of Democracy (III)MSC:Remembering7.A significant economic problem during the war was:a.finding enough workers for the essential wartime industries.b.overcoming high unemployment that lingered from the Depression.c.dealing with deflationary pressures that killed consumer demand.d.women refusing to work in wartime industries.e.raising low wages.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 966OBJ:2TOP:Financing the War (III.a.)MSC:Applying8.The Office of Price Administration:a.was designed to combat the serious wartime deflation.b.was designed to raise consumer prices.c.lacked any authority to set consumer prices or ration any items.d.set price ceilings on highly demanded items such as tires, sugar, and gasoline.e.set price ceilings and directed the rationing of all goods and items for sale in the wartime economy.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 966OBJ:2TOP:Financing the War (III.a.)MSC:Remembering9.Operation Overlord is also known as:a.Pearl Harbor Day.d.V-day.b.D-day.e.D-7.c.Armistice Day.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 977OBJ:3TOP:Planning an Invasion (IV.h.)MSC:Remembering10.After dropping two atomic bombs on Japan, the United States:a.accepted Japan’s surrender, albeit with the condition that the emperor could keep his throne.b.accepted Japan’s unconditional surrender.c.launched the amphibious invasion of Japan, the final operation of World War II.d.returned its attention to fighting the war in Europe.e.dropped a third on Tokyo to force the Japanese surrender.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 991OBJ:4TOP:Why Did the Allies Win? (VI.a.)MSC:Remembering11.The mobilization of women in the labor force during World War II:a.led to a significant increase of American women joining the labor force.b.did not include women serving in the armed forces.c.has been greatly exaggerated and distorted beyond its real significance.d.only impacted minorities and immigrants.e.occurred in all Allied nations except in the United States.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 967OBJ:2TOP:Women in the War (III.d.)MSC:Applying12.Which of the following countries was NOT an Axis Power by June 1941?a.Italyd.Bulgariab.the Soviet Unione.Romaniac.HungaryANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 953OBJ:1TOP:The Axis Alliance (II.b.)MSC:Remembering13.The bracero program:a.led to the forced evacuation of more than 100,000 Japanese Americans.b.was a reaction to the zoot-suit riots.c.allowed most recent immigrants to join the American armed services after a thorough background check.d.sought to mobilize Indian reservations in support of the American war effort.e.brought some 200,000 Mexican farm workers into the western United States.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 971OBJ:2TOP:Mexican Americans (III.g.)MSC:Remembering14.In June 1941, Germany widened the war by:a.declaring war on the United States.d.invading Britain.b.invading the Soviet Union.e.declaring war on Poland.c.attacking Spain.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 960OBJ:1TOP:Germany Invades the Soviet Union (II.n.)MSC:Remembering15.Which statement best describes the Native American experience in the armed forces during World War II?a.Native American servicemen fought in segregated units with African Americans.b.Native American servicemen were integrated into regular units.c.Native Americans were ineligible for service in the armed forces.d.Native Americans refused to serve in the armed forces.e.Native Americans served but were exempt from fighting on the front lines.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 972OBJ:2TOP:Native Americans and the Military (III.h.)MSC:Remembering16.War relocation camps:a.housed more than 120,000 Japanese Americans during the war.b.were actually prisoner-of-war camps for captured Germans.c.served as the German euphemism for Nazi concentration camps.d.helped the families of American servicemen cope with the absence of husbands and fathers.e.were the bases that housed American servicemen before they were sent to the front lines.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 972OBJ:2TOP:Discrimination Against Japanese Americans (III.i.)MSC:Remembering17.The Atlantic Charter:a.was a joint British-American statement of anti-Axis war aims.b.reaffirmed American neutrality in the wars in Europe and Asia.c.is another name for the American declaration of war against Germany.d.advocated expanding the war in Europe to fight communism.e.was voted down by Congress.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 961OBJ:5TOP:The Atlantic Charter (II.o.)MSC:Remembering18.The Atlantic Charter included all the following principles EXCEPT:a.freedom of the seas.d.self-determination for all peoples.b.economic cooperation.e.a new system of international security.c.the elimination of communism.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 961OBJ:5TOP:The Atlantic Charter (II.o.)MSC:Analyzing19.British and American differences over where to attack Germany first were resolved with the decision to launch an offensive:a.across the English Channel.d.on the Eastern Front.b.against Japan.e.in North Africa.c.in the Middle East.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 961OBJ:3TOP:The Atlantic Charter (II.o.)MSC:Remembering20.At the Casablanca Conference, Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to all of the following EXCEPT:a.a demand for the unconditional surrender of their enemies.b.an immediate launching of a cross channel invasion into France.c.the stepped-up bombing of Germany.d.an assault on Sicily and Italy.e.increased shipments of military supplies to the Soviet Union.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Pages 974–975OBJ:3TOP:The Casablanca Conference (IV.c.)MSC:Remembering21.What helped the Allies gain the advantage in the Battle of the Atlantic?a.The Allies decoded German messages that indicated where the U-boats were.b.The Allies had a submarine advantage over the Germans.c.The Allied aircraft carrier superiority countered the German U-boat advantage.d.The Allies utilized aerial precision bombing of German targets.e.The Allies bypassed the Atlantic to confront the Germans directly in Europe.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 975OBJ:3TOP:The Battle of the Atlantic (IV.d.)MSC:Applying22.Which statement best describes the Allied invasion against Sicily in July 1943?a.The fight for Sicily became known as “the Mediterranean’s Okinawa.”b.The well-fortified island proved too difficult for the Allies to capture.c.Sicily fell quickly after the Allied surprise landing.d.The fight for Sicily became the first outright defeat for the Allied war effort.e.The Allies captured Mussolini and forced him to surrender.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 975OBJ:3TOP:Sicily and Italy (IV.e.)MSC:Applying23.How did Germany respond to Italy’s decision to switch sides in September 1943?a.Germany slowed the Allied advance by pouring its own reinforcements into Italy.b.Hitler had Mussolini assassinated.c.Germany abandoned Italy and focused on defending France.d.Hitler offered to surrender to the Allies with conditions.e.Germany diverted its former Italian forces to fight the Soviets.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 976OBJ:3TOP:Sicily and Italy (IV.e.)MSC:Applying24.The main purpose of the 1943 meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin at Tehran was to:a.discuss the use of atomic bombs to end the war.b.consider inducing the Axis powers to lay down their arms by abandoning the insistence on unconditional surrender.c.reconsider the strategies in the Battle for the Atlantic.d.reprioritize the war in Asia as more important than the war in Europe.e.plan the invasion of France and the Russian offensive across Eastern Europe.ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 976OBJ:3TOP:The Strategic Bombing of Europe (IV.g.)MSC:Analyzing25.Following the Pearl Harbor attack:a.American isolationism increased.b.a congressional resolution for war passed unanimously.c.the United States avoided involvement in the European conflict.d.Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States.e.Franklin Roosevelt resigned the presidency.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 964OBJ:1TOP:The Attack on Pearl Harbor (II.s.)MSC:Remembering26.“D-day” refers to the:-secret work of American cryptanalysts (code breakers).b.day the atomic bombs were to be dropped on Japan.c.Allied invasion at Normandy.d.Allied invasion of North Africa.e.joint American-Russian effort to free Poland.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 979OBJ:3TOP:The Normandy Landings (IV.j.)MSC:Remembering27.What was the most significant consequence of the Battle of Leyte Gulf?a.Germany entered the war in the Pacific and fought alongside Japan.b.The Allied forces secured a foothold on the Japanese home islands.c.The Chinese earned their first substantive victory against the Japanese.d.This Japanese surprise victory caused Allied losses so severe it nearly ended the war.e.The Japanese lost most of their remaining sea power and ability to defend the Philippines.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 987OBJ:4TOP:Battles in the Central Pacific (V.d.)MSC:Applying28.Just days after the D-day invasion, U.S. forces liberated all the following EXCEPT:a.Tinian.b.Guam.c.Saipan.d.three Japanese-controlled islands in the Mariana Islands.e.Philippines.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 987OBJ:4TOP:Battles in the Central Pacific (V.d.)MSC:Remembering29.During the presidential election of 1944:a.Franklin Roosevelt was defeated in his run for a fourth term as president.b.Franklin Roosevelt won a fourth term as president.c.in light of his health problems and progress toward winning the war, Franklin Roosevelt chose not to run for a fourth term.d.Harry Truman was elected president.e.Republican Wendell Willkie opposed Democrat Franklin Roosevelt.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 981OBJ:2TOP:Roosevelt’s Fourth Term (IV.l.)MSC:Remembering30.Prime Minister Churchill worried that if the Red Army arrived in Berlin first:a.Stalin would control the postwar map of Europe.b.they would control it with the United States.c.Truman would control the postwar map of Europe.d.Stalin would declare victory.e.Lenin would control the postwar map of Europe.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 981OBJ:5TOP:Roosevelt’s Fourth Term (IV.l.)MSC:Remembering31.When Soviet forces reentered Poland in 1944, they created a puppet Communist regime in:a.Warsaw.d..b.Lublin.e.Rabka- Zdrój.c.Kraków.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 965OBJ:5TOP:Arsenal of Democracy (III)MSC:Applying32.At the Yalta Conference of 1945, the Allies did all of the following EXCEPT:a.call for a conference to create a new world security organization.b.agree to Soviet territorial demands in Eastern Europe.c.make arrangements for the postwar governance of Germany.d.restore the original Polish government to power in Poland.e.reaffirm the principles of the Atlantic Charter.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 982OBJ:5TOP:The Yalta Conference (IV.n.)MSC:Remembering33.Perhaps the most bitterly criticized of the Yalta accords was a secret agreement about the:a.Far East.d.future of Germany.b.Middle East.e.future of Russia.c.Near East.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 974OBJ:5TOP:The North Africa Campaign (IV.b.)MSC:Remembering34.Less than a month before the surrender of Germany:a.President Roosevelt lost his reelection bid.b.the war in Asia ended with the Japanese surrender.c.Hitler was captured by advancing Allied forces.d.atomic bombs were dropped on Japan.e.President Roosevelt died in office.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 983OBJ:2TOP:Death of a President (IV.o.)MSC:Applying35.What did the governments of Italy and Germany have in common by the 1930s?a.Both had established communist forms of government.b.Both had thriving liberal democracies.c.Both had strong monarchies.d.Both had established fascist forms of government.e.Both went to war with the United States.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 950OBJ:1TOP:Italy and Germany (I.a.)MSC:Applying36.The Marco Polo Bridge incident brought Japan to war against what country?a.Chinad.Koreab.Britaine.the Soviet Unionc.the United StatesANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 952OBJ:1TOP:U.S. Neutrality (II.a.)MSC:Remembering37.Following the defeat of Germany:a.came the shocking realization of the full extent of the Holocaust.b.Hitler was executed after his conviction of war crimes.c.the Prussian monarchy was restored to the German throne.d.the Allies established a unified liberal democratic government with its capital in Berlin.e.Franklin Roosevelt died in office.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 984OBJ:5TOP:The Holocaust (IV.q.)MSC:Applying38.The American assault on Okinawa:a.failed at great loss of life for the U.S. forces.b.was a success, but with tremendous loss of life for both the United States and Japan.c.was postponed with the development of the atomic bomb.d.resulted in the surrender of the Japanese Imperial Army.e.prompted the emperor to give up his throne.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 989OBJ:4TOP:A War of Death (V.e.)MSC:Applying39.The Potsdam Declaration:a.accepted the Japanese surrender and allowed the emperor to remain on the throne “subordinate to the authority of the Allied occupation.”b.is the formal name for the Soviet Union’s declaration of war against Japan.c.threatened that Hiroshima and Nagasaki faced an “atomic holocaust” if Japan did not surrender.d.presented Japan’s terms for surrendering to the Allied powers.e.demanded that Japan surrender or face “prompt and utter destruction.”ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 990OBJ:4TOP:The Atomic Bomb (V.f.)MSC:Remembering40.What was the significance of the use of atomic bombs against Japan?a.They prevented the Soviets from entering the war in Asia.b.They shocked Germany into surrendering before facing the same fate.c.They killed the Japanese emperor and paved the way for surrender.d.They allowed the Americans to avoid an amphibious invasion of Japan.e.They rendered the entire island of Honshu uninhabitable for twenty-three years.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 990OBJ:4TOP:The Atomic Bomb (V.f.)MSC:ApplyingChapter 27The Cold War and the Fair Deal, 1945–1952MULTIPLE CHOICE1.All of the following are true of Harry Truman EXCEPT that he:a.served as a senator from Missouri.b.had an Ivy League education.c.personally suffered by contrast to Franklin Roosevelt when he became president.d.was an artillery officer in World War I.e.was a partner in a clothing business.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1002OBJ:3TOP:Truman and the Cold War (I)MSC:Remembering2.One of Truman’s great strengths as he assumed the presidency was his:a.tremendous personal charisma and oratorical ability.b.elite upbringing and connections.c.willingness to work with Republicans.d.years of experience as vice president.e.determined, decisive character.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1002OBJ:2TOP:Truman and the Cold War (I)MSC:Applying3.On the domestic front, President Truman soon made clear his intention to:a.expand the New Deal.b.end the Depression.c.balance the budget.d.cut taxes.e.dramatically reduce government spending.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1011OBJ:3TOP:Expanding the New Deal (III)MSC:Remembering4.The GI Bill did all of the following EXCEPT:a.provide educational benefits for veterans.b.provide housing loans for veterans.c.help prevent a postwar depression.d.pay veterans large bonuses to remain in the military.e.provide medical treatment for veterans.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 1013OBJ:3TOP:Wages, Prices, and Labor Unrest (III.b.)MSC:Remembering5.A major economic problem President Truman faced immediately after the war was:a.the weakness of organized labor.b.declining birthrates that lowered consumer demand.c.high rates of inflation.d.the return of high unemployment.e.food shortages.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1012OBJ:3TOP:Expanding the New Deal (III)MSC:Applying6.When confronted with a railroad strike in 1946, President Truman’s response was to:a.declare martial law.b.threaten to draft the strikers.c.say government had no role in labor-management disputes.d.break the strike with unemployed veterans.e.freeze transportation and energy prices.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1013OBJ:3TOP:Wages, Prices, and Labor Unrest (III.b.)MSC:Applying7.The 1946 congressional elections resulted in:a.Republican control of Congress.b.the end of the New Deal.c.a public vote of confidence in Truman.d.a decline in partisan divisions.e.Truman’s adoption of cold war policies.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 1014OBJ:5TOP:Political Cooperation and Conflict (III.c.)MSC:Applying8.The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947:a.helped unions gain strength in the South.b.allowed the president to impose a “cooling-off ” period during major strikes.c.was supported by President Truman due to his difficulties with organized labor.d.abolished the National Labor Relations Board.e.outlawed the passage of so-called right-to-work laws by the states.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1014OBJ:3TOP:Political Cooperation and Conflict (III.c.)MSC:Applying9.All of the following were established by the National Security Act of 1947 EXCEPT:a.the Central Intelligence Agency.d.the Office of Homeland Security.b.the Air Force.e.a permanent Joint Chiefs of Staff.c.the National Security Council.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1010OBJ:3TOP:Reorganizing the Military (II.e.)MSC:Remembering10.Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council:a.now include Germany and Japan.b.meet every two years.c.do not participate in the General Assembly.d.periodically rotate so that new countries participate.e.each have veto power over major UN decisions.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1024OBJ:1TOP:War in Korea (IV.d.)MSC:Remembering11.By the spring of 1945, the United States and Britain were becoming deeply concerned over Soviet actions in:a.east Asia.d.Western Europe.b.the Middle East.e.Eastern Europe.c.Latin America.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1003OBJ:2TOP:Conflicts with the Soviets (I.b.)MSC:Remembering12.The Yalta pledges of democratic elections in Eastern Europe:a.proved to be meaningless.b.were postponed for two years after the end of the war.c.were fully backed by American military power.d.were honored by Stalin.e.were not in the national interests of the United States.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1004OBJ:2TOP:The Containment Policy (II)MSC:Applying13.State Department official George Kennan:a.predicted that the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviets would continue.b.said the United States should abandon Europe and focus on the defense of the Western Hemisphere.c.said the United States should contain Soviet expansionist tendencies.d.urged the use of military force to liberate Eastern Europe.e.said the United States should be willing to bomb the Russians.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1006OBJ:1TOP:The Truman Doctrine (II.a.)MSC:Remembering14.Soviet and Communist activities in regard to Turkey and Greece were intended to:a.provoke a war with the Americans and the British.b.gain the rich natural resources of those countries.c.inspire Russian patriotic feeling.d.gain the Soviets access to the Mediterranean.e.free those countries from dictatorships.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 1006OBJ:2TOP:The Marshall Plan (II.b.)MSC:Analyzing15.As a result of the Truman Doctrine:a.Greece and Turkey were less vulnerable to communism.b.Yugoslavia went Communist.c.the United Nations carried out its first military intervention.d.U.S–Soviet relations improved.e.Truman became less concerned about the Soviet threat.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1005OBJ:2TOP:The Truman Doctrine (II.a.)MSC:Applying16.The secretary of state who devised the plan of massive economic recovery aid to Europe was:a.Dean Acheson.d.George Kennan.b.George Marshall.e.Averell Harriman.c.James F. Byrnes.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1006OBJ:1TOP:The Marshall Plan (II.b.)MSC:Remembering17.Truman’s response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 was to:a.divide the rest of Germany into occupation zones.b.mass American troops on the Soviet border.c.get the United Nations to officially protest.d.launch a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin.e.meet with Stalin to diplomatically resolve the crisis.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 1008OBJ:2TOP:Divided Germany (II.c.)MSC:Applying18.All of the following were original North Atlantic Treaty Organization members EXCEPT:a.Japan.d.Britain.b.Canada.e.France.c.the United States.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1009OBJ:1TOP:Forming Alliances (II.d.)MSC:Remembering19.In regard to Israel’s founding in 1948, the United States:a.supported its Arab neighbors.b.opposed the British departure from Palestine.c.became the first country to recognize the Jewish state.d.took no official stance.e.sent troops there to maintain peace in the Middle East.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1010OBJ:3TOP:A Jewish Nation: Israel (II.f.)MSC:Analyzing20.One major reason that World War II inspired postwar changes in race relations was the:a.end it brought to the Depression.b.racist nature of the enemies of the United States.c.number of northerners it inspired to move to the South.d.lessons in equality American soldiers learned from Europeans.e.greater number of people receiving higher education.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1015OBJ:3TOP:Civil Rights (III.d.)MSC:Analyzing21.In 1948, President Truman desegregated:a.public schools.d.public transportation.b.defense industries.e.the military.c.Washington, D.C.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1016OBJ:3TOP:Civil Rights (III.d.)MSC:Remembering22.Baseball was integrated in 1947 when Jackie Robinson played for the:a.New York Yankees.d.St. Louis Cardinals.b.Boston Red Sox.e.Brooklyn Dodgers.c.Chicago Cubs.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1016OBJ:3TOP:Jackie Robinson (III.e.)MSC:Remembering23.As the 1948 election approached:a.Truman seemed to be in deep political trouble.b.Democrats were strongly united.c.relations with the Soviets were clearly improving.d.Truman seemed reluctant to run for reelection.e.the economy slid into a recession.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 1019OBJ:3TOP:The Election of 1948 (III.h.)MSC:Applying24.During the 1948 presidential campaign, Truman endorsed all of the following EXCEPT:a.black civil rights.d.abolishing Social Security.b.national health insurance.e.federal aid to education.c.public housing.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1019OBJ:3TOP:The Election of 1948 (III.h.)MSC:Remembering25.At the 1948 Democratic Convention:a.Truman was denied renomination.b.delegates promised to take better care of veterans.c.segregationist delegates from Alabama and Mississippi walked out of the convention in protest.d.people protested getting tougher on the Russians.e.delegates could not decide on a vice-presidential nominee.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1019OBJ:3TOP:The Election of 1948 (III.h.)MSC:Remembering26.During the 1948 campaign, the Dixiecrats did all of the following EXCEPT:a.carry several southern states.b.support Strom Thurmond for president.c.support states’ rights and segregation.d.wave Confederate flags.e.influence Truman to slow down on civil rights.ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Pages 1019–1020OBJ:3TOP:The Election of 1948 (III.h.)MSC:Remembering27.The 1948 election is probably best remembered for:a.Truman’s upset victory.d.the racism of the Dixiecrats.b.Dewey’s energetic campaign.e.the poor showing of Henry Wallace.c.the new use of polls and television.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1020OBJ:3TOP:The Election of 1948 (III.h.)MSC:Remembering28.The second-place finisher in the 1948 election was:a.Strom Thurmond.d.Harry Truman.b.Thomas Dewey.e.George Marshall.c.Henry Wallace.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1020OBJ:3TOP:The Election of 1948 (III.h.)MSC:Remembering29.Truman viewed his victory as a mandate for:a.socialism.d.liberalism.b.bipartisanship.e.thoughtful conservatism.c.the status quo.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1020OBJ:3TOP:The Election of 1948 (III.h.)MSC:Applying30.By and large, Truman’s Fair Deal proposals:a.would revolutionize American life.b.were enacted.c.would wipe out the New Deal.d.disappointed most Democrats.e.were thwarted by a conservative coalition in Congress.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Pages 1020–1021OBJ:3TOP:The Fair Deal Rejected (III.i.)MSC:Applying31.President Truman vetoed the McCarran Internal Security Act:a.to shore up his popularity ratings.b.to protect some Communist friends.c.because he felt it promoted thought control.d.because a Republican Congress had passed it.e.because he knew there were no Communist spies in the United States.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1030OBJ:5TOP:McCarthy’s Witch Hunt (V.d.)MSC:Applying32.The United States experienced a shock in 1949 when Communists took over:a.China.d.Vietnam.b.Korea.e.Cuba.c.Taiwan.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1022OBJ:4TOP:“Losing” China (IV.a.)MSC:Remembering33.The Soviet acquisition of the atomic bomb in 1949 inspired Truman to:a.arrange a summit conference with Stalin.b.order the resumption of the military draft.c.order the development of a hydrogen bomb.d.see the folly of the nuclear-arms race.e.arm American submarines with nuclear missiles.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1022OBJ:2TOP:The Soviets Develop Atomic Bomb (IV.b.)MSC:Applying34.When North Korea attacked South Korea, Truman concluded that:a.it was grounds to start World War III.d.South Korea could not be saved.b.it was a good excuse to attack China.e.he should bypass the United Nations.c.Stalin and the Soviets were behind it.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1023OBJ:4TOP:War in Korea (IV.d.)MSC:Applying35.When North Korean Communists invaded South Korea:a.South Korean forces initially repulsed the invaders.b.the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors.c.Truman persuaded Congress to declare war on North Korea.d.Stalin told the North Koreans to stop their aggression.e.the Soviets used their Security Council veto to prevent United Nations action.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1024OBJ:4TOP:War in Korea (IV.d.)MSC:Applying36.Inch’ n was the site:a.where Chinese forces overran UN positions.b.where UN forces were able to establish a perimeter in far-south South Korea.c.of North Korea’s capital.d.where General MacArthur turned the war around with a surprise landing.e.where peace negotiations dragged on for two years.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1025OBJ:4TOP:Turning the Tables (IV.g.)MSC:Remembering37.UN forces reaching the Yalu River brought about:a.a massive Chinese intervention.b.North Korea’s surrender.c.the bombing of mainland China.d.a cease-fire followed by peace negotiations.e.Korea’s current division along the 42nd parallel.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1025OBJ:4TOP:Turning the Tables (IV.g.)MSC:Applying38.Truman fired MacArthur:a.for incompetence.b.because of party politics.c.to preserve civilian control of the military.d.for reasons that are still unknown.e.because he never liked him personally.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1026OBJ:4TOP:Sacking a Hero (IV.j.)MSC:Remembering39.With the end of World War II, Korea:a.was invaded by the Soviets.b.was left under the control of Japan.c.was under joint American and British occupation.d.quickly emerged as a regional power.e.became divided into northern and southern halves.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1023OBJ:4TOP:A Divided Korea (IV.e.)MSC:Applying40.In early 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed to have a list of Communists in:a.the White House.d.Congress.b.the State Department.e.the movie industry.c.the FBI.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1029OBJ:5TOP:McCarthy’s Witch Hunt (V.d.)MSC:ApplyingChapter 28Cold War America, 1950–1959MULTIPLE CHOICE1.All of the following countries were physically devastated during World War II EXCEPT:a.Great Britain.d.the United States.b.France.e.Germany.c.Japan.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1041OBJ:1TOP:Postwar Prosperity (II.a.)MSC:Applying2.The First Indochina War ended when the French suffered a major defeat at:a.Dien Bien Phu.d.Taipei.b.Hanoi.e.Khe Sanh.c.Saigon.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 1063OBJ:6TOP:Indochina (V.d.)MSC:Analyzing3.The postwar economic boom was fueled mainly by:a.a massive government jobs program.b.new inventions.c.cold war–related military spending.d.the work ethic of the American population.e.trade with Europe and Japan.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1041OBJ:1TOP:Postwar Prosperity (II.a.)MSC:Applying4.After the war, Americans were most eager to:a.purchase.d.pursue education.b.save.e.work overtime.c.travel.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1041OBJ:1TOP:The Consumer Culture (II.b.)MSC:Remembering5.A very important reason for passage of the GI Bill was to:a.keep men in the military beyond their term of enlistment.b.spend surplus funds in the federal budget.c.help Roosevelt get reelected.d.prevent the return of the Depression.e.create a bureaucracy to administer it.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 1042OBJ:1TOP:The Consumer Culture (II.b.)MSC:Analyzing6.Since the nineteenth century, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia had been ruled by:a.China.d.Great Britain.b.Japan.e.themselves.c.France.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1063OBJ:6TOP:Indochina (V.d.)MSC:Remembering7.In the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, decision, the Supreme Court:a.was closely divided.b.ordered an immediate end to Jim Crow segregation.c.rejected the legal arguments of the National Association for the Advancement of Color People.d.struck down “separate but equal” in public education.e.recognized the high quality of black schools in the South.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 1057OBJ:2TOP:The Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960 (IV.f.)MSC:Applying8.Senator Joseph McCarthy’s power began to unravel when he made reckless charges about Communist influence in:a.the Democratic party.d.the Eisenhower administration.b.the U.S. Army.e.the media.c.Ivy League colleges.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1040OBJ:6TOP:The End of McCarthyism (I.f.)MSC:Remembering9.Which of the following is NOT true of the GI Bill?a.It caused a dramatic increase in college enrollments.b.It enabled many veterans to buy new homes.c.Its huge cost did not justify its benefits.d.It led to the creation of the Veterans Administration.e.It is also known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1042OBJ:1TOP:The GI Bill of Rights (II.c.)MSC:Applying10.While college enrollments soared in the postwar period:a.most professors were dull and uninspiring.b.black veterans encountered barriers to entrance.c.student debt became a major problem.d.few students were able to finish and earn a degree.e.campuses became hotbeds of student protest and misbehavior.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1043OBJ:5TOP:The GI Bill of Rights (II.c.)MSC:Remembering11.The baby boom:a.has been overrated in importance as a social phenomenon.b.produced a generation devoted to sacrifice.c.started in the early days of World War II.d.continued the twentieth century’s steady increase in the birthrate.e.started in 1941.ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1047OBJ:1TOP:The Child-Centered Fifties (II.g.)MSC:Remembering12.The postwar era witnessed its most dramatic population growth in:a.the sunbelt.d.the Northeast.b.the Midwest.e.the Mississippi Valley.c.rural areas.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 1043OBJ:1TOP:The Suburban Frontier (II.d.)MSC:Remembering13.In which state was the first Levittown located?a.Californiad.Arizonab.New Yorke.Massachusettsc.MarylandANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1043OBJ:5TOP:The Suburban Frontier (II.d.)MSC:Remembering14.Suburban growth was spurred by all of the following EXCEPT:a.federally insured loans.b.highway construction.c.increases in car ownership.d.veterans’ benefits.e.new construction of mass public transportation.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1043OBJ:1TOP:The Suburban Frontier (II.d.)MSC:Applying15.The nation’s suburban population by 1970 was overwhelmingly:a.elderly.d.white.b.in the Northeast.e.Democratic.c.upper class.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 1043OBJ:5TOP:The Suburban Frontier (II.d.)MSC:Remembering16.The interstate highway system was:a.funded by gasoline taxes.d.funded by the state department.b.a total disaster.e.a plan put together by the CIA.c.to be used only by the military.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1039OBJ:1TOP:Transportation Improvements (I.e.)MSC:Analyzing17.Blacks who moved to northern cities found:a.middle-class status.b.quality public housing.c.acceptance and respect.d.an inability to vote.e.new problems and forms of exploitation.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1045OBJ:5TOP:Minorities on the Move (II.e.)MSC:Remembering18.By the 1950s, suburban life was marked by an increasing:a.uniformity.d.intellectual excitement.b.cultural innovation.e.economic stagnation.c.diversity.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1043OBJ:2TOP:The Suburban Frontier (II.d.)MSC:Remembering19.By the mid-1950s, an increasing number of workers:a.were self-employed.d.worked in small businesses.b.did mental rather than physical labor.e.were discontented and rebellious.c.were industrial wage laborers.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1039OBJ:1TOP:“Dynamic Conservatism” at Home (I.d.)MSC:Remembering20.Houses in Levittown in the early 1950s all sold for just under:a.$1,000.d.$50,000.b.$10,000.e.$100,000.c.$20,000.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1044OBJ:2TOP:The Suburban Frontier (II.d.)MSC:Remembering21.Life magazine’s ideal woman of the mid-1950s was:a.educated and single.d.an equal partner with her husband.b.career-oriented.e.having babies.c.able to juggle home and career.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1047OBJ:2TOP:The Child-Centered Fifties (II.g.)MSC:Applying22.With the end of World War II, women workers were encouraged to:a.give up their jobs to returning veterans.b.work longer hours.c.limit family sizes.d.stay single.e.upgrade their job skills through technical training or college.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1047OBJ:2TOP:The Child-Centered Fifties (II.g.)MSC:Applying23.By 1960, about 65 percent of Americans:a.read the Bible.d.believed in evolution.b.prayed.e.belonged to a church.c.believed in God.ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1048OBJ:2TOP:A Religious Nation (II.h.)MSC:Remembering24.In The Affluent Society, John Kenneth Galbraith pointed out the:a.benefits of limited government.d.economic value of the cold war.b.infallibility of the marketplace.e.environmental costs of prosperity.c.persistence of poverty.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1049OBJ:6TOP:A Religious Nation (II.h.)MSC:Remembering25.Many critics of American life in the 1950s believed that middle-class society suffered from:a.declining purchasing power.d.excessive conformity.b.declining sexual morality.e.lack of leisure time and recreation.c.an absence of stable families.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 1052OBJ:2TOP:Cracks in the Picture Window (III)MSC:Applying26.One major reason for religion’s growing appeal in the 1950s was:a.the desire to combat godless communism.b.tax breaks for people who joined churches.c.the fire-and-brimstone style of television preachers.d.widespread guilt over the country’s material abundance.e.huge new churches that sponsored social and recreational activities.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1048OBJ:6TOP:A Religious Nation (II.h.)MSC:Remembering27.When the U-2 spy plane was shot down over Russia, Eisenhower first:a.tried to cover it up.b.worked hard to secure the release of Gary Powers.c.admitted the plane was a spy plane.d.blamed the CIA.e.blamed China.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1070OBJ:6TOP:The U-2 Summit (V.k.)MSC:Remembering28.Most blacks who moved to the North were fleeing terrible poverty in:a.southern cities such as Memphis and New Orleans.b.the rural South.c.the dust bowl.d.New England.e.other northern cities.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1045OBJ:1TOP:Minorities on the Move (II.e.)MSC:Applying29.Jack Kerouac wrote on what topic?a.travel booksd.the Beatsb.short storiese.literary criticismc.satireANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1050OBJ:2TOP:The Beats (III.c.)MSC:Remembering30.The youthful rebels known as the Beats:a.formed their own political party.b.numbered about 1 million.c.favored road trips, Buddhism, and jazz.d.preferred country living to urban living.e.were based primarily in Los Angeles.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1051OBJ:2TOP:The Beats (III.c.)MSC:Remembering31.Alan Freed was a notable:a.musician.d.record producer.b.songwriter.e.disc jockey.c.record company owner.ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1051OBJ:2TOP:Rock ‘n’ Roll (III.d.)MSC:Remembering32.The music Alan Freed labeled “rock and roll” was actually:a.jazz.d.gospel.b.rhythm and blues.e.big band swing.c.pop.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1051OBJ:2TOP:Rock ‘n’ Roll (III.d.)MSC:Remembering33.Elvis Presley’s recordings:a.were never very commercially successful.b.blended a variety of musical styles.c.appealed equally to all ages and generations.d.are best remembered for his guitar and piano playing.e.truly promoted “a pagan concept of life.”ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 1052OBJ:2TOP:Rock ‘n’ Roll (III.d.)MSC:Remembering34.Elvis was especially controversial because of his:a.rude manner toward adults.d.fondness for Beat poetry.b.scandalous sex life.e.suggestive gyrations on stage.c.identity as an atheist.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1052OBJ:2TOP:Rock ‘n’ Roll (III.d.)MSC:Remembering35.One of rock and roll’s most important contributions was to:a.bridge class and racial divisions.b.encourage new interest in dancing.c.give kids an outlet for excess energy.d.spur manufacture of electric instruments.e.boost the popularity of radios.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1052OBJ:2TOP:Rock ‘n’ Roll (III.d.)MSC:Applying36.Many concerned observers blamed teen delinquency on:a.rock and roll.d.smoking.b.drugs.e.petting.c.cars.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1052OBJ:2TOP:Rock ‘n’ Roll (III.d.)MSC:Remembering37.Before becoming president, Eisenhower was most shaped by his experience in:a.business.d.politics.b.law.e.the military.c.higher education.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1036OBJ:6TOP:“Time for Change” (I.a.)MSC:Remembering38.Adlai Stevenson was:a.a senator revealed by Joseph McCarthy to be a Communist.b.secretary of state for most of Eisenhower’s presidency.c.Eisenhower’s opponent for president in both 1952 and 1956.d.appointed by Eisenhower to be chief justice of the Supreme Court.e.a leader unusually skilled in communicating with common people.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1037OBJ:6TOP:The Election of 1952 (I.b.)MSC:Remembering39.In regard to New Deal programs, Eisenhower:a.was intensely hostile.b.ended subsidies to agriculture.c.promised to outdo Roosevelt.d.retained most programs and even expanded some.e.wanted to privatize Social Security.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1037OBJ:4TOP:A “Middle Way” Presidency (I.c.)MSC:Remembering40.As president, Eisenhower reverted to the nineteenth-century view that Congress:a.should declare war whenever it desires.b.be in charge of foreign policy.c.has no power over the budget.d.should make policy, and the president should carry it out.e.should ask the president for money.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1038OBJ:6TOP:A “Middle Way” Presidency (I.c.)MSC:AnalyzingChapter 29MULTIPLE CHOICE1.Richard Nixon:a.had limited political experience when he ran for president in 1960.b.possessed a shrewd intelligence and a compulsive love for combative politics.c.like John F. Kennedy, came from a wealthy family.d.did not have the intellectual depth to be president.e.was politically damaged by his service as vice president due to Eisenhower’s unpopularity when his presidency ended.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1076OBJ:4TOP:Kennedy Versus Nixon (I.a.)MSC:Remembering2.During the 1960 presidential race, John F. Kennedy:a.appeared nervous and unknowledgeable in a televised debate.b.promised to use the White House to promote religion.c.promised to pursue a “new frontier.”d.promised to provide health care to all Americans.e.opposed civil rights.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1076OBJ:1TOP:Kennedy Versus Nixon (I.a.)MSC:Remembering3.The result of the 1960 election:a.was a narrow victory for Kennedy.b.was a popular-vote landslide victory for Kennedy.c.showed the public’s desire for radical change.d.was determined when Kennedy swept the West Coast, including Nixon’s home state of California.e.was challenged in the courts by the Republicans.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1078OBJ:1TOP:A Vigorous New Administration (I.b.)MSC:Applying4.Kennedy’s inauguration is best remembered for:a.the flatness of his delivery.b.the record cold in Washington that day.c.the large and friendly crowd.d.the list of promises in his speech.e.his elegant and inspiring rhetoric.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1078OBJ:1TOP:A Vigorous New Administration (I.b.)MSC:Remembering5.Kennedy’s legislative program:pared favorably to the legislative achievements of FDR.b.was labeled the New Society.c.was largely blocked by conservatives in Congress.d.revealed Kennedy’s genius in getting laws passed.e.called for tax hikes to balance the budget.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1098OBJ:1TOP:The Great Society (III)MSC:Remembering6.The 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago:a.boosted the candidacy of Hubert Humphrey.b.showed the patience of Mayor Daley and the Chicago police.c.resulted in massive rioting in the streets.d.was dull and uninspiring.e.successfully appealed to the values of “middle America.”ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1115OBJ:3TOP:Chicago and Miami (V.b.)MSC:Remembering7.On April 4, 1968, James Earl Ray shot and killed:a.Martin Luther King Jr.d.Robert Kennedy.b.Malcolm X.e.Eugene McCarthy.c.George Wallace.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1114OBJ:3TOP:1968: A Traumatic Year (V.a.)MSC:Remembering8.The protest tactic initiated by black students in Greensboro, North Carolina, was:a.the sit-in.b.the occupation of campus administration buildings.c.the March on Washington.d.street theater.e.the freedom ride.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1088OBJ:3TOP:Sit-Ins (II.a.)MSC:Remembering9.In early 1968, increasing opposition to the war within his own party:a.only increased Johnson’s determination to win in Vietnam.b.ultimately forced Johnson out of the presidential race.c.led to Johnson’s clear defeat in the New Hampshire primary.d.caused Johnson to end the war on poverty.e.caused most Americans to rally around Johnson.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 1113OBJ:4TOP:The Tet Offensive (IV.c.)MSC:Applying10.Violence erupted in 1962 when James Meredith attempted to integrate:a.the University of Alabama.d.the University of Mississippi.b.Louisiana State University.e.Texas A&M.c.Georgia Tech.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1091OBJ:3TOP:James Meredith (II.c.)MSC:Remembering11.In his Letter from Birmingham City Jail, Martin Luther King Jr.:a.expressed his admiration of activists Ross Barnett and Bull Connor.b.announced that he was abandoning nonviolent tactics.c.expressed anger at being locked up.d.declared his willingness to break unjust laws.e.explained why he hated racist whites.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1092OBJ:3TOP:Birmingham (II.d.)MSC:Remembering12.The person most persuasive in getting President Kennedy to endorse civil rights would have been:a.his vice president, Lyndon Johnson.d.FBI director J. Edgar Hoover.b.his brother, Robert.e.Chief Justice Earl Warren.c.his wife, Jackie.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1081OBJ:3TOP:Civil Rights (II)MSC:Applying13.When Alabama governor George Wallace was ordered by federal marshals to stand aside from the doorway at the University of Alabama so that black students could enter, Wallace:a.provoked a riot.d.unleashed a torrent of racist language.b.stood aside.e.refused to budge.c.got himself arrested.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1092OBJ:3TOP:Birmingham (II.d.)MSC:Remembering14.The Bay of Pigs invasion:a.was Kennedy’s original idea.b.was thoroughly bungled by the CIA.c.proved Kennedy’s competence in foreign policy.d.weakened the Castro regime.e.inspired the United States and the Soviet Union to improve relations.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1081OBJ:5TOP:Catastrophe in Cuba (I.d.)MSC:Applying15.In 1961, Khrushchev escalated tensions over Berlin by:a.imposing another Soviet blockade of West Berlin.b.sending spy planes over West Germany.c.putting nuclear missiles in East Berlin.d.erecting the Berlin Wall.e.walking out of a summit conference in Vienna.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1082OBJ:1TOP:The Vienna Summit (I.e.)MSC:Applying16.The major purpose of the Soviet missiles placed in Cuba was to:a.deter another American-supported invasion of Cuba.b.show hard-liners in the Soviet military that Khrushchev was sufficiently tough.c.launch an attack upon the United States.d.make Castro more dependent on the Soviets.e.get Kennedy to let the Soviets have West Berlin.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 1083OBJ:5TOP:The Cuban Missile Crisis (I.f.)MSC:Analyzing17.The Cuban missile crisis:a.led to a United States–backed invasion of Cuba.b.showed Kennedy’s tendency to back down in a tense confrontation.c.ended the cold war.d.brought the United States and the Soviet Union close to nuclear war.e.saw the United States destroy some missile sites with surgical air strikes.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1084OBJ:5TOP:The Cuban Missile Crisis (I.f.)MSC:Applying18.The Cuban missile crisis led to all of the following EXCEPT:a.removal of the Soviet missiles from Cuba.b.the installation of a “hot line” between Moscow and Washington.c.the removal of American missiles from Turkey.d.an easing of cold war tensions.e.a U.S.–Soviet agreement to scrap nuclear weapons.ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Pages 1083–1085OBJ:5TOP:The Cuban Missile Crisis (I.f.)MSC:Applying19.In South Vietnam in the early 1960s:a.Diem’s land reforms were undercutting the Communists.b.Kennedy was increasing the number of American military advisers.c.American troops were regularly involved in combat.d.the Viet Cong captured several major cities.e.the French had returned to assist the South Vietnamese.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1085OBJ:4TOP:Vietnam (I.h.)MSC:Remembering20.The strongest and most visible opposition to Diem’s government was led by:a.Buddhists.d.American diplomats.b.Socialists.e.French-speaking Vietnamese elites.c.Muslims.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1085OBJ:4TOP:Vietnam (I.h.)MSC:Remembering21.All of the following are true of the Kennedy assassination EXCEPT:a.the primary suspect was Lee Harvey Oswald.b.Jack Ruby shot and killed the suspected assassin.c.the Warren Commission concluded there may have been multiple gunmen.d.it occurred in Dallas on November 22, 1963.e.many of the related events were watched on television.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1086OBJ:1TOP:Kennedy’s Assassination (I.i.)MSC:Remembering22.Kennedy’s successor as president, Lyndon Johnson:a.had a humble and modest character.b.was a fairly typical southern conservative.c.may have been involved in the assassination.d.like Kennedy, had been born into wealth and privilege.e.genuinely cared about the disadvantaged in society.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1099OBJ:2TOP:The Great Society (III)MSC:Remembering23.President Johnson’s first priority on the domestic front was to:a.balance the federal budget.b.give more power to the states.c.break the logjam in Congress that had blocked Kennedy’s legislative efforts.d.redistribute wealth and income.e.reduce the bloated power of the executive branch of government.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1100OBJ:2TOP:Politics and Poverty (III.a.)MSC:Applying24.The Tonkin Gulf resolution:a.was in response to a Viet Cong attack on an American military base.b.deeply divided the country.c.allowed Johnson to escalate the war.d.authorized American naval aggression off the coast of North Vietnam.e.passed Congress over Johnson’s veto.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1109OBJ:4TOP:Escalation in Vietnam (IV.a.)MSC:Applying25.The Civil Rights Act of 1964:a.outlawed segregation in public facilities.b.strengthened the Democratic party in the South.c.was reluctantly supported by Johnson.d.passed Congress with minimal opposition.e.ended racism in the United States.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1100OBJ:3TOP:Politics and Poverty (III.a.)MSC:Remembering26.Michael Harrington’s book The Other America influenced President Johnson to declare war on:a.racism.d.poverty.b.teen pregnancy.e.drugs.c.illegal aliens.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 1100OBJ:2TOP:Politics and Poverty (III.a.)MSC:Remembering27.President Johnson labeled his overall program of domestic reform the:a.True Deal.d.Great Society.b.New Frontier.e.New America.c.New Beginning.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1098OBJ:2TOP:The Great Society (III)MSC:Remembering28.During the 1964 campaign, Republican nominee Barry Goldwater:a.promised to manage New Deal programs more effectively than the Democrats had.b.said he would use diplomacy to settle the conflict in Vietnam.c.offered a sharply conservative alternative to Johnson’s policies.d.endorsed Johnson’s achievements on civil rights.e.represented Eisenhower-style “moderate Republicanism.”ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1102OBJ:2TOP:The Election of 1964 (III.d.)MSC:Applying29.In the 1964 election:a.Republicans continued to carry the Deep South.b.Republicans made gains in both houses of Congress.c.voters approved Johnson’s pledge to escalate the war in Vietnam.d.Goldwater lost but did better than expected.e.voters expressed their desire for even more radical domestic reform.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 1103OBJ:2TOP:The Great Society (III.e.)MSC:Applying30.The legislation passed by Congress at Johnson’s urging in 1965 included all of the following EXCEPT:a.Medicare and Medicaid.b.funds for urban renewal and public housing.c.anti-poverty aid to Appalachia.ernment guarantee of full employment.e.massive federal aid to education.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1105OBJ:2TOP:Health Insurance, Housing, and Higher Education (III.f.)MSC:Remembering31.The first African American cabinet member was:a.Martin Luther King Jr.d.Mary McLeod Bethune.b.Francis Perkins.e.Malcolm X.c.Robert C. Weaver.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1105OBJ:3TOP:Health Insurance, Housing, and Higher Education (III.f.)MSC:Remembering32.Johnson’s Medicare program provided medical benefits to:a.the unemployed.d.single mothers and their children.b.all Americans.e.the handicapped.c.the elderly.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1105OBJ:2TOP:Health Insurance, Housing, and Higher Education (III.f.)MSC:Remembering33.Changes in immigration law in 1965:a.favored immigration from Europe as compared to other parts of the world.b.removed quotas based on national origin.c.removed annual limits on how many could enter the United States.d.decreased foreign immigration.e.were designed to increase American access to cheap labor.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1105OBJ:2TOP:The Immigration Act (III.g.)MSC:Applying34.In retrospect, Johnson’s war on poverty:a.practically eliminated poverty.b.generated middle-class resentment that benefited the Republicans.c.kept the United States from devoting sufficient funds to the war in Vietnam.d.had practically no effect on poverty levels.e.proved that government was incapable of improving society.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1108OBJ:2TOP:The Great Society in Practice (III.i.)MSC:Remembering35.The Voting Rights Act of 1965:a.was passed by Congress over Johnson’s opposition.b.ended black protest movements.c.dramatically expanded black votes in the South.d.made the South more strongly Democratic.e.was successfully resisted in the Deep South.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1106OBJ:3TOP:Voting Rights Legislation (III.h.)MSC:Remembering36.The Tet offensive of early 1968:a.was the American attempt to destroy the Ho Chi Minh Trail.b.was a major victory for the Viet Cong.c.resulted in Saigon’s fall to the Communists.d.inspired Johnson to dramatically raise troop levels in Vietnam.e.dramatically affected public support for Johnson’s war policy.ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1112OBJ:4TOP:The Tet Offensive (IV.c.)MSC:Applying37.Beginning with Watts, the major race riots of 1965 and 1966:a.occurred largely in urban areas.b.started when white mobs attacked blacks.c.resulted from blacks being denied the vote.d.were led by the Black Panthers.e.proved the increasing irrelevance of Martin Luther King Jr.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1096OBJ:3TOP:Black Power (II.g.)MSC:Applying38.By 1966, black leaders like Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown were proponents of what they termed:a.passive nonviolence.d.black capitalism.b.black communism.e.black power.c.massive integration.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1097OBJ:3TOP:The Effect of Black Power (II.i.)MSC:Remembering39.Malcolm X:a.said blacks should be proud of their African heritage.b.was killed by a white racist during a speech in Harlem.c.headed the Black Panthers.d.supported the nonviolent tactics of Martin Luther King Jr.e.was a militant black Christian.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1096OBJ:3TOP:Malcolm X (II.h.)MSC:Remembering40.By 1967, public opposition to the war was especially strong among:a.soldiers.d.ministers.b.college students.e.members of Congress.c.Republicans.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 1114OBJ:4TOP:The Turmoil of the Sixties (V)MSC:RememberingChapter 30Rebellion and Reaction, 1960s 1970sMULTIPLE CHOICE1.By 1960–1961, a number of students had become inspired to become social reform activists by:a.the fear of getting drafted and sent to Vietnam.b.the example of the civil rights movement.c.the boredom and restrictions of campus life.d.musicians and protest singers with political agendas.e.the need to rebel against their conservative parents.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 1122OBJ:1TOP:The New Left (I.a.)MSC:Analyzing2.The youths of the counterculture:a.came primarily from poor or working-class families.b.congregated in the Watts district of Los Angeles.c.originated when Tom Hayden formed Students for a Democratic Society in 1960.d.believed that electoral politics would solve society’s problems.e.preferred urban surroundings to a rural life in contact with nature.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1125OBJ:1TOP:The Counterculture (I.d.)MSC:Applying3.James Earl (Jimmy) Carter Jr. represented:a.the new liberal wing of the Democratic party.b.the new moderate wing of the Democratic party.c.the new moderate wing of the Republican party.d.the new liberal wing of the Republican party.e.Alabama as its senator.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1161OBJ:1TOP:The Election of 1976 (VI.f.)MSC:Applying4.In 1964, students at the University of California at Berkeley:a.protested for freedom of political expression.b.demanded the university’s racial integration.c.launched a strike that shut it down for a semester.d.founded the counterculture.e.had a bloody confrontation with the National Guard.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 1123OBJ:1TOP:Anti-War Protests (I.b.)MSC:Remembering5.What percentage of military inductees were college students during the Vietnam War?a.2d.40b.10e.50c.25ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 1123OBJ:2TOP:Anti-War Protests (I.b.)MSC:Remembering6.During his presidency, Gerald Ford achieved a record for:a.tax increases.d.vetoes.b.Supreme Court appointments.e.military interventions.c.press conferences.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1159OBJ:1TOP:The Ford Years (VI.e.)MSC:Remembering7.Gerald Ford suffered terrible political damage when he:a.continued Nixon’s economic policies.b.vetoed the War Powers Act.c.pardoned Nixon.d.sent Americans back into Vietnam.e.failed to achieve peace in the Middle East.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1159OBJ:4TOP:The Ford Years (VI.e.)MSC:Remembering8.Nixon’s Watergate-related resignation came with the revelation that he had:a.burned his tapes of White House conversations.b.lied to the Senate’s Ervin committee.c.authorized the use of dirty tricks against Democratic campaigns.d.ordered a cover-up of the original Watergate break-in.e.ordered the IRS to harass his political enemies.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 1159OBJ:3TOP:An Unelected President (VI.d.)MSC:Applying9.At the Altamont concert in 1969:a.the Hells Angels killed a man in front of the stage.b.the Beatles gave their last performance.c.the violence of the hippies was fully displayed.d.a huge crowd enjoyed three days of “peace and music.”e.the Rolling Stones recorded live their most classic psychedelic album.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1128OBJ:1TOP:Social Activism Spreads (II)MSC:Remembering10.The hippie movement ultimately:a.disappeared once the draft was ended.b.won over much of middle America to its perspective.c.was limited to San Francisco.d.began to wane as the counterculture had become counterproductive.e.got involved in civil rights activism and the war on poverty.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1128OBJ:1TOP:Social Activism Spreads (II)MSC:Applying11.Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique:a.celebrated the cult of female domesticity.b.explained the unhappiness of so many middle-class women.c.told women how to better please their husbands.d.painted an ideal portrait of suburban living.e.argued that women should be paid high wages for housework.ANS:BDIF:EasyREF:Page 1129OBJ:1TOP:The New Feminism (II.a.)MSC:Remembering12.The feminist movement suffered a setback with the:a.National Organization for Women’s inability to agree on a political agenda.b.Supreme Court’s refusal to recognize abortion rights.c.decreasing number of jobs for women.d.failure of the states to ratify the equal-rights amendment.e.refusal of Ivy League universities to admit women.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1132OBJ:1TOP:The Sexual Revolution and the Pill (II.d.)MSC:Applying13.Use of the term Hispanic indicated:a.an increasing opposition of Latin Americans to the Vietnam War.b.Mexican American opposition to illegal immigration.c.efforts of Latin Americans to make Spanish the national language.d.growing political assertiveness among Mexican Americans.e.the New Left’s major influence upon young Mexicans.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1133OBJ:1TOP:Hispanic Rights (II.e.)MSC:Applying14.The labor shortages during the Second World War had led defense industries to:a.offer employment to Mexicans only.b.demand removal of Hispanics from higher-paying jobs.c.recall Hispanic soldiers so they could work in the factories.d.decrease the wages for all minorities.e.offer Hispanics their first significant access to skilled-labor jobs.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1133OBJ:5TOP:Hispanic Rights (II.e.)MSC:Remembering15.By 2015, Hispanics:a.still rarely voted.b.had become the country’s largest minority.c.had attained equality with whites in average income levels.d.launched their own political party.e.no longer desired to speak Spanish.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1134OBJ:1TOP:Hispanic Rights (II.e.)MSC:Remembering16.One major impetus behind the rise of a Native American rights movement was the:a.effective work of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.b.interest of many Americans in Indian history.c.realization of Indians that their votes could swing elections in several states.d.fact that Indians were still not recognized as citizens.e.terrible levels of poverty that persisted in the Indian population.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1135OBJ:1TOP:Native American Rights (II.g.)MSC:Analyzing17.Native American activists ultimately discovered that their most effective tactic for bringing about change was:a.voting.b.occupying places like Alcatraz and Wounded Knee.c.taking legal action to force the government to adhere to old treaties.d.opening casinos on their reservations.e.imitating the civil rights movement in organizing massive protest marches.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1135OBJ:1TOP:Native American Rights (II.g.)MSC:Applying18.In its earliest years, the gay rights movement especially emphasized:a.the importance of gays “coming out.”b.the need for more funding for AIDS research.c.the passage of hate-crimes legislation.d.the push to legalize gay marriage.e.getting recognition of gay contributions to American history.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1136OBJ:1TOP:Gay Rights (II.h.)MSC:Applying19.The figure who most influenced Nixon’s foreign policy was:a.General Alexander Haig.d.William Rogers.b.Robert McNamara.e.Bob Haldeman.c.Henry Kissinger.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1138OBJ:2TOP:Nixon’s Appointment (III.c.)MSC:Remembering20.The “silent majority”:a.quietly approved of the social and cultural changes of the 1960s.b.was anti–Vietnam War, though not involved in open protest.c.was growing weaker by the early 1970s.d.were not fans of TV’s Archie Bunker.e.supported politicians like Richard Nixon.ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1137OBJ:4TOP:The Conservative Backlash (III.a.)MSC:Remembering21.Nixon’s “southern strategy” involved winning southern support by:a.capitalizing on their skepticism of federal social welfare programs.b.stepping up the military effort in Vietnam.c.expressing sympathy toward fundamentalist Christians.d.making southerners dominant in his cabinet.e.increasing federal support of the South’s economy.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Pages 1138–1140OBJ:1TOP:Nixon’s Appointment (III.c.)MSC:Applying22.In the early 1970s, angry protests began to erupt in cities outside the South over:a.integration of swimming pools and public parks.b.interracial dating.c.racial profiling by police.d.busing.e.rising rates of crime in the inner cities.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1141OBJ:1TOP:Nixon and Civil Rights (III.f.)MSC:Remembering23.Economists coined the term stagflation in the early 1970s to describe:a.simultaneously a stagnant economy with inflationary prices.b.continuing declines in stock prices.c.high oil prices along with declining profits for the petroleum industry.d.the return of economic conditions similar to the Depression.e.continuing economic growth along with a growing budgetary deficit.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1142OBJ:5TOP:“Stagflation” (III.h.)MSC:Remembering24.To punish the United States for supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries:a.expelled the United States from membership.b.flooded the American market with cheap petroleum to drive American oil producers out of business.c.threatened to cut off oil shipments to the United States.d.nationalized American oil companies in their countries.e.announced it would deal exclusively with the Soviet Union.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1143OBJ:5TOP:“Stagflation” (III.h.)MSC:Remembering25.By the end of 1970, the unemployment rate in the United States:a.was almost zero.d.equaled that of Canada.b.stayed stagnant.e.nearly doubled.c.nearly tripled.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1142OBJ:5TOP:“Stagflation” (III.h.)MSC:Remembering26.In regard to Vietnam policy, Nixon:a.insisted that he would pursue “peace with honor.”b.was indifferent to an eventual Communist takeover.c.was determined to end American involvement quickly.d.still believed that the war could be won.e.refused to sit and negotiate with the enemy.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 1144OBJ:2TOP:Gradual Withdrawal (IV.a.)MSC:Remembering27.Nixon’s policy of “Vietnamization” involved:a.increasing the number of young men being drafted.b.launching a U.S. invasion of North Vietnam.c.establishing diplomatic and trade relations with North Vietnam.d.gradually reducing the number of American troops in Vietnam.e.working toward the reunification of North and South Vietnam.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1144OBJ:2TOP:Gradual Withdrawal (IV.a.)MSC:Remembering28.In April 1970, Nixon extended the war when he sent troops into:a.Laos.d.Thailand.b.China.e.North Vietnam.c.Cambodia.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1145OBJ:2TOP:Gradual Withdrawal (IV.a.)MSC:Remembering29.Shocking events at Kent State University involved:a.a fight between anti-war students and construction workers.b.the killing of four students by the National Guard.c.violence when police broke up a student strike.d.several deaths when students exploded a bomb in the ROTC building.e.student attacks on conservative, pro-war professors.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1146OBJ:1TOP:Divisions at Home (IV.b.)MSC:Remembering30.The Pentagon Papers:a.revealed shocking waste in military spending.b.were successively suppressed from publication by the government.c.put President Johnson’s war policy in a more favorable light.d.were the actual diary entries of Defense Secretary Robert McNamara.e.revealed that the Johnson administration had deceived the public in regard to war policy.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1147OBJ:2TOP:War without End (IV.c.)MSC:Applying31.The Nixon Doctrine implied a foreign policy that was shaped more by:a.a need to be selective in its commitments abroad.b.realism and American interests.c.the effort to reshape the world in our own image.d.the needs of the domestic economy.e.the desires of our allies.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1151OBJ:2TOP:The Nixon Doctrine (V.b.)MSC:Remembering32.Nixon’s new relationship with China was made possible by:a.the discovery of China’s vast oil deposits.b.China’s growing fear of the Soviet Union.c.Nixon’s landslide reelection in 1972.d.the American public’s more favorable attitude toward communism.e.the removal of Vietnam as a source of division between the United States and China.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1153OBJ:2TOP:The Nixon Doctrine (V.b.)MSC:Applying33.Nixon’s trip to the Soviet Union resulted in:a.the end of the cold war.b.some limits on future missile construction.c.Soviet withdrawal from Eastern Europe.d.intensification of the nuclear arms race.e.the end of the new relationship with China.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1153OBJ:2TOP:Embracing the Soviet Union (V.d.)MSC:Applying34.On October 26, 1972, only a week before the U.S. presidential election, Kissinger announced:a.Nixon’s resignation.b.a peace agreement for the Middle East.c.a new military campaign against China.d.his resignation.e.“Peace is at hand.”ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1148OBJ:2TOP:The Collapse of South Vietnam (IV.d.)MSC:Applying35.The Vietnam settlement signed on January 27, 1973:a.ensured the survival of South Vietnam.b.brought lasting peace to Vietnam.c.was followed by massive bombings of North Vietnam a few months later.d.left 150,000 Communist troops in South Vietnam.e.got Nixon reelected.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1148OBJ:2TOP:The Collapse of South Vietnam (IV.d.)MSC:Remembering36.As the 1972 election approached, the biggest threat to Nixon’s reelection seemed to be:a.George Wallace’s potential to drain away conservative votes from the Republicans.b.the massive popularity of Democratic nominee George McGovern.c.public disapproval of Nixon’s efforts to ease tensions with the Chinese and the Russians.d.revelations concerning the Watergate break-in.e.the continuing appeal of 1960s-style social liberalism.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1154OBJ:1TOP:Shuttle Diplomacy (V.e.)MSC:Applying37.Senator George McGovern of South Dakota:a.was the Democratic nominee for president in 1972.b.resigned from the Senate.c.ran for governor in South Dakota.d.was Nixon’s secretary of defense.e.led U.S. troops in Vietnam.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 1155OBJ:3TOP:“Dirty Tricks” (VI.a.)MSC:Remembering38.The burglars arrested at the Watergate apartment complex:a.were trying to obtain Republican campaign files.b.were spying for the Soviet Union.c.were common thieves hoping to steal valued items.d.had connections to the Nixon reelection campaign.e.had been sent there by the FBI.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 1156OBJ:3TOP:Uncovering the Cover-Up (VI.b.)MSC:Remembering39.Essential to breaking the Watergate case was the testimony before the Ervin committee of the White House legal counsel:a.Spiro Agnew.d.James McCord.b.John Ehrlichman.e.John Dean.c.Daniel Ellsberg.ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1156OBJ:3TOP:Uncovering the Cover-Up (VI.b.)MSC:Remembering40.The major motivation behind the Saturday Night Massacre was Nixon’s desire to:a.elevate his approval ratings.b.expose the corruption of the Democrats.c.avoid handing over the key White House tapes.d.publicly humiliate special prosecutor Archibald Cox.e.appoint a loyal attorney general.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1157OBJ:3TOP:Uncovering the Cover-Up (VI.b.)MSC:RememberingChapter 31Conservative Revival, 1977–1990MULTIPLE CHOICE1.On the domestic front, Carter’s most notable shortcoming was:a.providing amnesty for draft evaders.b.failing to deal adequately with an energy crisis.c.not putting a stop to government corruption.d.opposing new initiatives to protect the environment.e.trying to slow progress on civil rights.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1167OBJ:1TOP:Early Success (I.b.)MSC:Applying2.The Camp David Accords involved all of the following EXCEPT:a.Egypt’s diplomatic recognition of Israel.b.the creation of a Palestinian state on the West Bank.c.intense negotiations among Carter, Sadat, and Begin.d.Israel’s return of the Sinai to Egypt.e.massive anger resulting toward Sadat in the Arab world.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Pages 1069–1070OBJ:4TOP:Carter’s Foreign Policy (I.e.)MSC:Remembering3.Carter’s management of the economy resulted in:a.a sharp decline in unemployment.b.unacceptably high rates of inflation.c.a near collapse of the stock market and banking industry.d.growing public confidence that the nation was recovering from the Nixon-Ford recession.e.a surplus in the federal budget.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1167OBJ:4TOP:Jimmy Who? (I.a.)MSC:Remembering4.A crisis in Iran involved all of the following EXCEPT:a.the freezing of Iranian assets in the United States.b.Carter’s inability to secure the return of American hostages.c.the takeover of Iran’s government by hard-line Communists.d.a rescue mission that ended disastrously in the Iranian desert.e.the overthrow of the shah’s American-backed government.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Pages 1170–1172OBJ:1TOP:Crisis in Iran (I.f.)MSC:Applying5.To many voters in 1980, Ronald Reagan, in contrast to Jimmy Carter, seemed:a.indecisive.b.upbeat.c.humorless.d.to be a deep thinker and expert on the details of policy.e.capable of getting Congress to pass a liberal reform program.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1175OBJ:1TOP:The Election of 1980 (II.f.)MSC:Remembering6.As he campaigned for president in 1980, Reagan promised to restore prosperity by:a.bailing out ailing banks and industries.b.putting millions to work on government construction projects.c.balancing the federal budget.d.returning the country to the gold standard.e.cutting taxes.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1173OBJ:1TOP:The Actor Turned President (II.a.)MSC:Remembering7.Reagan’s experience as an actor:a.helps explain his skill as a public speaker.b.was irrelevant once he entered politics.c.had been limited to a few performances on radio.d.helped him master policy details.e.caused conservative Christians to view him with suspicion given the immorality of Hollywood.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1173OBJ:1TOP:The Actor Turned President (II.a.)MSC:Remembering8.Reagan first became a star in Republican politics when he:a.opposed Ford for the nomination in 1976.b.led opposition to Roosevelt in the 1930s.c.served in the Senate from California in the late 1960s.d.campaigned for Eisenhower in the 1950s.e.made a television speech for Goldwater in 1964.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1172OBJ:1TOP:The Actor Turned President (II.a.)MSC:Applying9.A huge demographic factor behind Reagan’s electoral success was:a.the growth of the Hispanic population.b.the baby boomers reaching retirement age.c.the declining percentage of people who went to church.d.population growth in the South and West.e.the growing number of Americans with graduate degrees.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1173OBJ:1TOP:The Rise of the “New Right” (II.b.)MSC:Applying10.The leader of the Moral Majority was:a.Pat Robertson.d.Jerry Falwell.b.John Osteen.e.Oral Roberts.c.Billy Graham.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1174OBJ:1TOP:The Religious Right (II.c.)MSC:Remembering11.Most likely to support the Moral Majority would be:a.science teachers.d.college-educated women.b.Californians.e.Episcopalians.c.evangelical Christians.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1174OBJ:1TOP:The Religious Right (II.c.)MSC:Applying12.The religious Right fervently supported Reagan because he:a.supported its conservative social values.b.was active in his church as a deacon.c.had memorized large sections of the Bible.d.was a model family man.e.was such a gifted actor.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1174OBJ:1TOP:The Religious Right (II.c.)MSC:Analyzing13.The anti-feminist women led by Phyllis Schlafly:a.helped keep the equal-rights amendment from being ratified.b.succeeded in keeping abortion illegal.c.believed Ronald Reagan was too liberal.d.believed in total separation of politics and religion.e.voted about equally for Democrats and Republicans.ANS:ADIF:EasyREF:Page 1175OBJ:4TOP:Anti-Feminist Backlash (II.d.)MSC:Remembering14.The 1991 Persian Gulf War resulted in:a.massive American casualties.b.the United States’ capture of Baghdad.c.Saddam Hussein remaining in power.d.trench warfare.e.Bush’s guaranteed reelection.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1197OBJ:5TOP:Bush’s “New World Order” (VI.g.)MSC:Applying15.Ronald Reagan viewed the Soviet Union as:a.a close and trusted ally.b.militarily weak.c.a source of global stability.d.an evil empire.e.capable of becoming more democratic while remaining Communist.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 1183OBJ:4TOP:Reagan’s Second Term (III.f.)MSC:Remembering16.Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative:a.was inspired by a science-fiction movie.b.forced the Soviets to spend extensively to keep pace.c.made the United States invulnerable to attack.d.involved the United States’ building even more powerful nuclear weapons.e.went into operation in outer space in 1984.ANS:BDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1184OBJ:3TOP:A Massive Defense Buildup (IV.a.)MSC:Applying17.Opposing Iraq in the Gulf War was:a.a coalition of over thirty nations.d.China and the Soviet Union.b.the United States and Britain alone.e.Israel and India.c.an army comprising Arab soldiers.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 1196OBJ:5TOP:The Gulf War (VI.f.)MSC:Remembering18.Bush ultimately dealt with Noriega by:a.cutting off foreign aid to Panama.b.funding his political opposition.c.ordering a military invasion to arrest him.d.having Panama expelled from the United Nations.e.persuading him to change his policies.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1195OBJ:2TOP:Panama (VI.e.)MSC:Applying19.Reagan’s hope for Nicaragua was that the Sandinistas would:a.sign a free-trade agreement with the United States.b.moderate their views and become democratic.c.become a model for the rest of Central America.d.give the United States land for military and naval bases.e.be overthrown by the Contras.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1185OBJ:2TOP:The Americas (IV.c.)MSC:Remembering20.The Panamanian government of Manuel Noriega was at odds with the Bush administration because of its:munist leanings.b.threat to shut down the Panama Canal.c.aggressive actions toward its Central American neighbors.d.involvement in the drug trade.e.boycott of banana shipments to the United States.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1195OBJ:2TOP:Panama (VI.e.)MSC:Remembering21.One major factor working in Reagan’s favor in his 1984 reelection bid was:a.a robustly growing economy.b.the collapse of the Soviet Union.c.the deeply divided Democrats.d.surpluses in the federal budget.e.the support he received from minorities and organized labor.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1181OBJ:4TOP:The Election of 1984 (III.e.)MSC:Applying22.The result of the 1984 election was:a.one of the closest races in history.b.massive Republican majorities in Congress.c.a landslide for Reagan over Mondale.d.exposure of Reagan’s ignorance of policy details.e.repudiation of Reagan’s handling of the economy.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1181OBJ:1TOP:The Election of 1984 (III.e.)MSC:Applying23.Revelations of the Iran-Contra affair indicated that Reagan had violated his pledge to never:a.raise taxes.d.negotiate with terrorists.b.work with Communists.e.needlessly send troops into battle.c.lie to the American people.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1185OBJ:2TOP:The Iran-Contra Affair (IV.d.)MSC:Remembering24.The marine lieutenant colonel at the center of the Iran-Contra affair, Oliver North, was using profits from the sale of arms to Iran to:a.finance the Nicaraguan Contras.b.enrich himself and some corrupt friends.c.buy new weapons for the U.S. Marine Corps.d.contribute to Republicans.e.pay for the release of American hostages.ANS:ADIF:ModerateREF:Page 1185OBJ:2TOP:The Iran-Contra Affair (IV.d.)MSC:Remembering25.The Tower Commission report blamed much of the Iran-Contra scandal on:a.Congress for cutting off funds to the Contras.b.Reagan’s loose management style.c.the Iranians for luring the United States into the arms deal.d.Secretary of State George Shultz.e.the psychiatric problems of Oliver North.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1185OBJ:2TOP:The Iran-Contra Affair (IV.d.)MSC:Remembering26.David Stockman is best known for being President Reagan’s:a.secretary of state.d.attorney general.b.secretary of defense.e.chief of staff.c.budget director.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1178OBJ:4TOP:Reaganomics (III.b.)MSC:Remembering27.A high percentage of the homeless people of the 1980s were:a.Reagan supporters.d.easy to lift out of homelessness.b.formerly wealthy.e.receiving large welfare payments.c.mentally ill.ANS:CDIF:EasyREF:Page 1190OBJ:4TOP:The Poor (V.c.)MSC:Remembering28.Many of those who contracted AIDS in the early and mid-1980s:a.caught it through casual personal contact.b.could be cured with prompt treatment.c.were in monogamous relationships.d.soon died.e.were put in government detention centers.ANS:DDIF:EasyREF:Page 1191OBJ:4TOP:The Presidency of George H. W. Bush (VI)MSC:Remembering29.The Reagan administration’s initial response to AIDS was to:a.pour money into medical research.b.give away condoms and clean hypodermic needles.c.urge all Americans to get a vaccination.d.crack down on people having sex outside of marriage.e.largely ignore it as a gay disease.ANS:EDIF:EasyREF:Page 1191OBJ:4TOP:The Presidency of George H. W. Bush (VI)MSC:Applying30.The reform-minded Soviet premier who emerged in the mid-1980s was:a.Mikhail Gorbachev.d.Boris Yeltsin.b.Vladimir Putin.e.Leonid Brezhnev.c.Nikita Khrushchev.ANS:ADIF:DifficultREF:Page 1193OBJ:3TOP:The Presidency of George H. W. Bush (VI)MSC:Remembering31.In late 1987, the United States and the Soviets signed a treaty to eliminate:a.conventional weapons.d.long-range nuclear missiles.b.intermediate-range nuclear missiles.e.anti-missile systems in outer space.c.submarine-based missiles.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Pages 1186–1187OBJ:3TOP:Reagan’s Global Legacy (IV.f.)MSC:Remembering32.By the end of his presidency, Reagan had:a.dramatically shrunk the federal government’s size.b.abolished the Department of Education.c.privatized Social Security.d.restored American confidence.e.fulfilled the religious Right’s agenda on issues such as school prayer.ANS:DDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1177OBJ:1TOP:Reagan’s First Term (III.a.)MSC:Applying33.By the end of 1991, the Soviet Union:a.remained firmly under Communist control despite communism’s collapse in Eastern Europe.b.had fallen apart.c.still had the world’s largest nuclear arsenal.d.enjoyed a booming economy due to trade with the United States.e.was torn by civil war.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1197OBJ:3TOP:Bush’s “New World Order” (VI.g.)MSC:Remembering34.Bush’s goal as president seemed to be to:a.pursue his own ambitious legislative agenda.b.wipe out the Democratic opposition.c.consolidate Reagan’s policies and achievements.d.be a Kennedy-like inspirational leader.e.establish a dynasty of Bushes in the White House.ANS:CDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1191OBJ:1TOP:The Presidency of George H. W. Bush (VI)MSC:Applying35.One of President Bush’s major domestic successes was:a.eliminating poverty.d.reducing taxes.b.significantly reducing drug use.e.paying off the deficit.c.assisting people with disabilities.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1193OBJ:4TOP:The Presidency of George H. W. Bush (VI)MSC:Remembering36.A change in the cold-war climate was indicated in early 1989, when Soviet troops left:a.Ukraine.d.Turkey.b.Cuba.e.Afghanistan.c.Eastern Europe.ANS:EDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1193OBJ:3TOP:The Democracy Movement Abroad (VI.b.)MSC:Remembering37.In late 1989, all the Communist regimes of Eastern Europe toppled bloodlessly EXCEPT that of:a.East Germany.d.Czechoslovakia.b.Poland.e.Romania.c.Bulgaria.ANS:EDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1193OBJ:3TOP:The Democracy Movement Abroad (VI.b.)MSC:Remembering38.The fall of the Berlin Wall was soon followed by:a.Soviet military intervention in East Germany.b.the threat of war in central Europe.c.the formal dissolution of NATO.d.Germany’s reunification.e.the Communists constructing an even stronger one.ANS:DDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1194OBJ:3TOP:The Destruction of the Berlin Wall (VI.c.)MSC:Applying39.The crucial development in the Soviet Union in August 1991 was:a.Gorbachev’s assassination.d.the collapse of the Soviet economy.b.a failed Communist coup.e.Gorbachev’s reelection.c.revolution in the Baltic republics.ANS:BDIF:ModerateREF:Page 1194OBJ:3TOP:The Destruction of the Berlin Wall (VI.c.)MSC:Remembering40.By the fall of 1991, the most popular Soviet politician was:a.Mikhail Gorbachev.d.Dmitry Medvedev.b.Vladimir Putin.e.Andrei Sakharov.c.Boris Yeltsin.ANS:CDIF:DifficultREF:Page 1194OBJ:3TOP:The Destruction of the Berlin Wall (VI.c.)MSC:Remembering ................
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