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Appendix 1. Research priorities within the four-step public health approach for violence prevention in South African context (modified template from Mikton et al 2017) ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.2471/BLT.16.172965", "ISSN" : "0042-9686", "PMID" : "28053363", "abstract" : "OBJECTIVE To establish global research priorities for interpersonal violence prevention using a systematic approach. METHODS Research priorities were identified in a three-round process involving two surveys. In round\u00a01, 95 global experts in violence prevention proposed research questions to be ranked in round\u00a02. Questions were collated and organized according to the four-step public health approach to violence prevention. In round\u00a02, 280 international experts ranked the importance of research in the four steps, and the various substeps, of the public health approach. In round\u00a03, 131 international experts ranked the importance of detailed research questions on the public health step awarded the highest priority in round\u00a02. FINDINGS In round\u00a02, \"developing, implementing and evaluating interventions\" was the step of the public health approach awarded the highest priority for four of the six types of violence considered (i.e. child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, armed violence and sexual violence) but not for youth violence or elder abuse. In contrast, \"scaling up interventions and evaluating their cost-effectiveness\" was ranked lowest for all types of violence. In round\u00a03, research into \"developing, implementing and evaluating interventions\" that addressed parenting or laws to regulate the use of firearms was awarded the highest priority. The key limitations of the study were response and attrition rates among survey respondents. However, these rates were in line with similar priority-setting exercises. CONCLUSION These findings suggest it is premature to scale up violence prevention interventions. Developing and evaluating smaller-scale interventions should be the funding priority.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Mikton", "given" : "Christopher R", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Tanaka", "given" : "Masako", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Tomlinson", "given" : "Mark", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Streiner", "given" : "David L", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Tonmyr", "given" : "Lil", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Lee", "given" : "Bandy X", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Fisher", "given" : "Jane", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Hegadoren", "given" : "Kathy", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Pim", "given" : "Joam Evans", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Wang", "given" : "Shr-Jie Sharlenna", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "MacMillan", "given" : "Harriet L", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Bulletin of the World Health Organization", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2017" ] ] }, "page" : "36-48", "title" : "Global research priorities for interpersonal violence prevention: a modified Delphi study", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "95" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(9)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(9)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(9)" }, "properties" : { }, "schema" : "" }(9)Public Health Approach StepType of ViolenceStep 1IPV*YouthArmedSexualElder Abuse1. Defining and measuring violence111112. Research on the magnitude and distribution of violence324333. Research on the consequences of violence442424. Research on the cost of violence555555. Research on the validity of administrative data23424Step 2IPVYouthArmedSexualElder Abuse1. Research on risk factors111112. Research on protective factors222223. Research on the relationship between collective violence and interpersonal violence33333Step 3IPVYouthArmedSexualElder Abuse1. Evaluating the effectiveness of programmes that target actual violence221122. Evaluating the effectiveness of promising programmes (e.g. targeting risk factors)112213. Evaluating violence prevention policies333334. Developing primary prevention programmes based on country-specific risk factors44444Step 4IPVYouthArmedSexualElder Abuse1. Research on scaling up programmes that have been shown to be effective111112. Research on the feasibility and acceptability of programmes324343. Research on adapting effective programmes to new contexts242234. Economic analysis, including cost–effectiveness analysis43342Note: 1 = highest priority, 5 = lowest priority; *IPV: Interpersonal violenceAppendix 2. Proposed violence and injury data sources in round one Data SourceCost and AvailabilityDescriptionHealth Systems TrustFree. Availability based on ethical approval of study.Repeated cross-sectional studies.A rapid assessment (RA) of the injury morbidity burden at clinical services in three high violence communities in the Cape Town Metropole was conducted in Khayelitsha, Nyanga and Elsies River. Recorded measures include patient demographics, pattern of injury, location and time of injury. Violence prevention through Urban UpgradingFree. Availability based on ethical approval of study.Population and household-based rolling surveys: The surveys were conducted between September 2012 and July 2015 by the Violence Prevention through Urban Upgrading (VPUU) project. A total of 1500 dwellings were visited. Recorded measures include the experience of violent crime as reported by the residents of Khayelitsha, household demographics and location.Statistics South AfricaFree. Availability based on ethical approval of study.Victim of Crime Survey (VOCS): The VOCS provides through questionnaire survey, information on households’ perceptions about safety, and law enforcement and crime trends ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "URL" : "", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2017", "12", "18" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "StatsSA", "given" : "", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "STATSSA report", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2017" ] ] }, "page" : "1-2", "title" : "Victime of crime survey 2016/17", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(11)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(11)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(12)" }, "properties" : { }, "schema" : "" }(11). HYPERLINK "" \t "_blank" Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape TownFree. Availability based on ethical approval of study.Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS): studies of the lives of youths and young adults in Cape Town and is a longitudinal study. 4800 randomly selected young people, aged 14-22, were interviewed in the first part of the study during August-December, 2002 ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "URL" : "", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2017", "12", "18" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "UCT Centre for social science research", "given" : "", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "CAPS newsletter", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2006" ] ] }, "page" : "1", "title" : "Cape panel area study", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(12)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(12)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(13)" }, "properties" : { }, "schema" : "" }(12).Forensic Pathology Service Free. Requires an extensive application and time to acquire data is on the order of months at a minimum.Provincial Mortality Registry: The Forensic Pathology Service (FPS) is mandated by the National Health Act 61 of 2003 law to investigate all Unnatural Deaths ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "URL" : "", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015", "9", "6" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Government", "given" : "South Africa", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Government gazette", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2003" ] ] }, "title" : "Green gazette", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(13)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(13)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(14)" }, "properties" : { }, "schema" : "" }(13). Recorded measures include victim demographics, pattern of injury and incident location, time and context of incident.South African Police Service Free. Requires an extensive application and time to acquire data is on the order of months at a minimumPublic access database: Homicide and injury-related crime data (e.g. assault) available through two public access websites.Robbery data: Residential robbery data available through WITS research affiliation Restricted data: Data including victim demographics, homicides/assault count and incident location (MRC).Electronic trauma health record Free. Availability based on ethical approval of studyHospital clinical database: Data collected that is relevant to this study include patient demographics, pattern of injury and location of injury with data available from 2010 onwards. Red Cross Hospital Free. Availability based on ethical approval of studyHospital clinical database: This includes all trauma requiring medical treatment for children under the age of 12 years presenting at Red Cross Children’s Hospital. Recorded measures include demographic information, date of injury/death, manner and circumstances of the injury/death, location of injury and referring centre amongst other variables.Emergency Medical Services Free. Availability based on ethical approval of study.EMS incident data: Data collected that is relevant to this study include demographics, nature and location of injury and metrics are recorded per incident. Western Cape Provincial GovernmentFree. Availability based on ethical approval of study.Clinicom Provincial Hospital Patient Database: This constitutes the patient administration system used in larger hospitals, including Groote Schuur, Tygerberg, and Red Cross Children's Hospitals. Appendix 3. Violence-related datasets and their respective data sources that reached consensusData sourceDescriptionHealth Systems Trust Repeated cross-sectional studiesViolence Prevention through Urban UpgradingPopulation and household-based rolling surveysStatistics South AfricaVictim of crime surveyForensic Pathology ServiceProvincial mortality registryCause of death data South African Police Service Public access crime statisticsRobbery dataIncident geolocation data Electronic trauma health record Hospital clinical databaseRed Cross HospitalHospital clinical databaseEmergency Medical ServicesEMS incident dataWestern Cape Provincial GovernmentViolence-related data from Clinicom Provincial hospital patient database ................
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