Mr



Mr. Brush

A.P. United States History

APQ#7-Outline-Jacksonian Democracy and the Age of Reform

Market Revolution

• Era of Good Feelings- James Monroe

• Henry Clay’s “American System” advocated all of the following: 1)federal funding for the building of roads 2) a national bank 3) high protective tariffs 4) federal funding for the building of canals

• The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney was important because it allowed cotton to be picked and processed much more quickly, thus vastly increasing the profitability of cotton and the need for more slaves to pick it

• In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney’s major contribution to American technology was his introduction to interchangeable parts

• The “Lowell System” of early nineteenth-century textile manufacturing was noteworthy for its efforts to minimize the dehumanizing effects of industrial labor

• Inventions: cotton gin-Whitney, Reaper-McCormick, Vulcanization of rubber-Goodyear, power loom-Lowell and Moody, Steamboat-Fulton, Telegraph-Morse

• The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions

• Factors promoting the beginnings of American industrialization during the early nineteenth century included all of the following: 1) high protective tariffs 2) improvements in transportation 3) large-scale immigration 4) close and friendly relations with already industrialized Great Britain

• In his Walden, Henry David Thoreau questioned the spiritual cost of the market revolution

• In his lecture, “The American Scholar,” this intellectual urged Americans to write about their own culture: Ralph Waldo Emerson

Van Buren, John Tyler

• According to Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America, American individualism arose as a result of the absence of aristocracy

• The “Panic of 1837” was in large part precipitated by tight monetary policies by Jacksonian Democrats culminating in the issuance of Specie Circular

• The 1840’s Pre-emption Act, signed by President John Tyler, provided settlers who had squatted on government land would have first chance to buy it

• The Whig Party turned against President John Tyler because he opposed the entire Whig legislative program

• In the 1830’s and 1840’s, the primary difference between the Whigs and Democrats was that the Whigs favored an expanded, activist federal government while the Democrats favored a limited non-interventionist federal government

Jacksonian Democracy

• Andrew Jackson’s election of 1828 is seen by many historians to represent the rise of individualism and popular democracy in America

• The spoils system

• The “kitchen cabinet”- was the nickname of Jackson’s unofficial advisors

• Jackson’s Maysville Road veto was an opportunity for him to challenge federal infrastructural development

The Bank

• Jackson was embroiled in a controversy with Nicholas Biddle over the Bank of the United States

• All of the following were among President Andrew Jackson’s objections to the Bank of the United States: 1) it allowed the economic power of the government to be controlled by private individuals 2) it threatened the integrity of the domestic system 3) it benefited a small group of wealthy and privileged persons at the expense of the rest of the country 4) it could be used irresponsibly create financial hardship for the nation

• The immediate effect of Andrew Jackson’s attack on the Second Bank of the United States in 1834 was the expansion of credit and speculation/ The Specie Circular was an attempt by Jackson to remedy the problems associated with the destruction of the bank

Tariff of Abomination

• An important consequence of the “tariff of abominations” (1828) is that it led to the enunciation of the doctrine of nullification

• The doctrine of nullification stated that a state may repeal any federal law that it deems unconstitutional

• The leader of South Carolina’s opposition to the “Tariff of Abominations” was John C. Calhoun

• The doctrine of nullification put forth by John C. Calhoun in The South Carolina Exposition and Protest, published anonymously in 1828, held that a state judged a federal law to violate the Constitution, the state could declare the law null and void within its borders

Age of Reform

1. The Seneca Falls Convention had to do with Women’s Rights

2. The origins of the Age of Reform can be found in

-the democratic influences of the American Revolution

-the middle class did not want the lower class to influence American society.

-the Second Great Awakening’s impact on ensuring that people would act out their faith

- the profound social and economic changes and conditions of the early nineteenth century

3. In “The American Scholar,” Ralph Waldo Emerson urged Americans to write about their own culture

4. In Walden-Henry David Thoreau questioned the spiritual cost of the Market Revolution.

5. The establishment of Brook Farm, the Oneida Community and New Harmony in antebellum United States reflected the blossoming of perfectionist aspirations.

6. Catherine Beecher’s book Treatise on Domestic Economy illustrated the need for helping middle-class women modernize their tasks and family role.

-The “cult of domesticity” refers to a widespread cultural creed that glorified the customary functions of the homemaker.

7. An important common denominator in the public education, temperance, anti-prostitution, and asylum reform movements was female participation and leadership.

8. Reform movements in the first half of the 19th century attempted to

-convince people not to drink alcohol

-rehabilitate criminals

-bring an end to slavery

-induce humane treatment for the insane

9. Horace Mann, Noah Webster and William Holmes McGuffey were primarily concerned about education

10. The Latter-Day Saints (Mormons)

-was founded by Joseph Smith Jr. in the “Burned-Over District” of upstate

New York

-believed that the Indians were descendants of the lost tribes of Israel

-established a close-knit communitarian social pattern

-held the Anasazi in especially high esteem.

11. William Lloyd Garrison is most associated with abolition of slavery

-Grimke sisters

-Theodore Weld

12. Dorethea Dix fought for the rights of the mentally ill

-The establishments of penitentiaries in the 1840’s reflected a new attitude that looked upon criminals as misguided, in need of help, and penitentiaries were designed to help these misguided souls reform.

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