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Speakers of the Lok Sabha
|1. |G.V. Mavlankar |May 15, 1952 to February 27, 1956 |
| |M.Ananthasayanam Ayyangar | |
|2. |M. A. Ayyangar |March 8, 1956 to April 16, 1962 |
|3. |Sardar Hukam Singh |April 17, 1962 to March 16, 1967 |
|4. |N. Sanjiva Reddy |March 17, 1967 to July 19, 1969 |
|5. |G.S. Dhillon |August 8, 1969 to December 1, 1975 |
|6. |Bali Ram Bhagat |January 15, 1976 to March 25, 1977 |
|7. |N. Sanjiva Reddy, |March 26, 1977 to July 13, 1977 |
|8. |K.S. Hegde |July 21, 1977 to January 21, 1980 |
|9. |Balram Jakhar |January 22, 1980 to December 18, 1989 |
|10. |Rabi Ray |December 19, 1989 to July 9, 1991 |
|11. |Shivraj Patil |July 10, 1991 to May 22, 1996 |
|12. |P.A. Sangma |May 25, 1996 to March 23, 1998 |
|13. |G.M.C. Balayogi |March 24, 1998 to March 3, 2002 |
|14. |Manohar Joshi |May 10, 2002 to June 2, 2004 |
|15. |Somnath Chatterjee |4 June, 2004 – 31 May, 2009 |
|16. |Smt. Meira Kumar |3 June, 2009 – Till date |
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Asian Games
|Year |Games |Host |Dates |Nations |
|2019 |XVIII | Hanoi, Vietnam | |Future event |
|2023 |XIX |TBA | |Future event |
Olympic Games
|City |Country |Continent |Season |Year |Opening Ceremony |
|Antwerp |Belgium |Europe |Summer |1920 |20 April |
|Tokyo | Japan |Asia |
|1 |H. J. Kania |January 26, 1950 |November 6, 1951‡ |
|2 |M. Patanjali Sastri |November 7, 1951 |January 3, 1954 |
|3 |Mehr Chand Mahajan |January 4, 1954 |December 22, 1954 |
|4 |B. K. Mukherjee |December 23, 1954 |January 31, 1956‡‡ |
|5 |Sudhi Ranjan Das |February 1, 1956 |September 30, 1959 |
|6 |Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha |October 1, 1959 |January 31, 1964 |
|7 |P. B. Gajendragadkar |February 1, 1964 |March 15, 1966 |
|8 |Amal Kumar Sarkar |March 16, 1966 |June 29, 1966 |
|9 |Koka Subba Rao |June 30, 1966 |April 11, 1967‡‡ |
|10 |Kailas Nath Wanchoo |April 12, 1967 |February 24, 1968 |
|11 |Mohammad Hidayatullah |February 25, 1968 |December 16, 1970 |
|12 |Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah |December 17, 1970 |January 21, 1971 |
|13 |Sarv Mittra Sikri |Jan 22, 1971 |April 25, 1973 |
|14 |Ajit Nath Ray |April 26, 1973 |January 27, 1977 |
|15 |Mirza Hameedullah Beg |January 28, 1977 |February 21, 1978 |
|16 |Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud |February 22, 1978 |July 11, 1985 |
|17 |P. N. Bhagwati |July 12, 1985 |December 20, 1986 |
|18 |R. S. Pathak |December 21, 1986 |June 18, 1989‡‡ |
|19 |E. S. Venkataramiah |June 19, 1989 |December 17, 1989 |
|20 |Sabyasachi Mukherjee |December 18, 1989 |September 25, 1990‡ |
|21 |Ranganath Misra |September 26, 1990 |November 24, 1991 |
|22 |Kamal Narain Singh |November 25, 1991 |December 12, 1991 |
|23 |M. H. Kania |December 13, 1991 |November 17, 1992 |
|24 |Lalit Mohan Sharma |Nov 18, 1992 |Feb 11, 1993 |
|25 |M. N. Venkatachaliah |February 12, 1993 |October 24, 1994 |
|26 |Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi |October 25, 1994 |March 24, 1997 |
|27 |Jagdish Sharan Verma |March 25, 1997 |January 17, 1998 |
|28 |Madan Mohan Punchhi |January 18, 1998 |October 9, 1998 |
|29 |Adarsh Sein Anand |October 10, 1998 |January 11, 2001 |
|30 |Sam Piroj Bharucha |January 11, 2001 |May 6, 2002 |
|31 |Bhupinder Nath Kirpal |May 6, 2002 |November 8, 2002 |
|32 |Gopal Ballav Pattanaik |November 8, 2002 |December 19, 2002 |
|33 |V. N. Khare |Dec 19, 2002 |May 2, 2004 |
|34 |S. Rajendra Babu |May 2, 2004 |June 1, 2004 |
|35 |Ramesh Chandra Lahoti |June 1, 2004 |November 1, 2005 |
|36 |Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal |November 1, 2005 |January 13, 2007 |
|37 |K. G. Balakrishnan |January 13, 2007 |May 11, 2010 |
|38 |S. H. Kapadia |May 12, 2010 |Sep 28, 2012 |
|39 |Altamas Kabir |September 29, 2012 |Incumbent |
Chief Justice of India
Official Books of different countries and Papers.
|Blue Book |
|Official report of the Government of United Kingdom |
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|Green Book |
|Official publications of Italy and Iran |
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|Grey Book |
|Official reports of Japan and Belgium |
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|Orange Book |
|Official publications of Netherlands |
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|Red Book |
|Book banished in a country |
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|White Book |
|Official publications of Germany, China and Portugal |
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|White Paper |
|Short pamphlet giving authoritative recital of facts issued by the Indian government stating its views on a particular issue for the |
|knowledge of general public |
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|Yellow Book |
|Official publications of France |
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Important Lines and Boundaries
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Durand Line is the line drmarcating the boundaries of India and Afghanistan. It was drawn up in 1896 by Sir Mortimer Durand.
Hindenburg Line is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The Germans retreated to this line in 1917 during World War I
Mason-Dixon Line is a line of demarcation between four states in the United State.
Marginal Line was the 320 km line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border. Drawn up by General Mannerheim.
Macmahon Line was drawn up by Sir Henry MacMahon, demarcating the frontier of India and China. China did not recognize the MacMahon line and crossed it in 1962.
Medicine Line is the border between Canada and the United States.
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Order-Neisse Line is the border between Poland and Germany, running along the Order and Neisse rivers, adopted at the Poland Conference (Aug 1945) after World War II.
Radcliffe Line was drawn up by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, demarcating the boudary between India and Pakistan. Siegfried Line is the line of fortification drawn up by Germany on its border with France.
17th Parallel defined the boundary between North Vietnam and South Vietnam before two were united.
24th Parallel is the line which Pakistan claims for demarcation between India and Pakistan. This, however, is not recognized by India
26th Parallel south is a circle of latitude which crosses through Africa, Australia and South America.
30th Parallel north is a line of latitude that stands one-third of the way between the equator and the North Pole.
33rd Parallel north is a circle of latitude which cuts through the southern United States, parts of North Africa, parts of the Middle East, and China.
35th Parallel north forms the boundary between the State of North Carolina and the State of Georgia and the boundary between the State of Tennessee arid the State of Georgia, the State of Albama, and the State of Mississippi.
36th Parallel forms the southermost boundary of the State of Missouri with the State of Arkansas.
36o30' Parallel north forms the boundary between the Tenessee and the Commonwealth of Kentucky between the Tennessee River and the Mississippi River, the boundary between Missouri and Arkansas west of the White River, and the northermost boundary between the Texas and the Oklahoma.
37th Parallel north formed the southern boundary of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
38th Parallel is the parallel of latitude which separates North Korea and South Korea.
39th Parallel north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 39 degrees north of Earth's equatorial plane.
40th Parallel north formed the original northern boundary of the British Colony of Maryland.
41st Parallel north forms the northern boundary of the State of Colorado with Nebraska and Wyoming and the southern boundary of the State of Wyoming with Colorado and Utah.
42nd Parallel north forms most of the New York - Pennsylvania Border.
43rd Parallel north forms most of the boundary between the State of Nebraska and the State of South Dakota and also formed the northern border of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
The Parallel 44o north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 44 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
45th Parallel north is often the halfway point between the Equator and the North Pole. The 45th parallel makes up most of the boundary between Montana and Wyoming.
49th Parallel is the boundary between USA and Canada
First Men in India
|The first President of Indian Republic |Dr. Rajendra Prasad |
|The first Prime Minister of free India |Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru |
|The first Indian to win Nobel Prize |Rabindranath Tagore |
|The first President of Indian National Congress |W.C. Banerjee |
|The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress |Badruddin Tayyabji |
|The first Muslim President of India |Dr. Zakir Hussain |
|The first British Governor General of India |Lord William Bentinck(1833-1835) |
|The first British Governor General of Bengal |Lord Warren Hasting(1774-1885) |
|The first British Viceroy of India |Lord Canning |
|The first Governor General of free India |Lord Mountbatten |
|The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India |C. Rajgopalachari |
|The first man who introduced printing press in India |James Hicky |
|The first Indian to join the I.C.S |Satyendra Nath Tagore |
|India’s first man in Space |Rakesh Sharma |
|The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term |Morarji Desai |
|The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India |General Cariappa |
|The first Chief of Army Staff |Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji |
|The first Indian Member of the Viceroy’s executive council |S.P.Sinha |
|The first President of India who died while in office |Dr. Zakhir Hussain |
|The first Muslim President of Indian Republic |Dr. Zakhir Hussain |
|The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament |Charan Singh |
|The first Field Marshal of India |S.H.F. Manekshaw |
|The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics |C.V.Raman |
|The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award |Dr. Radhakrishnan |
|The first Indian to cross English Channel |Mihir Sen |
|The first Person to receive Jnanpith award |Sri Shankar Kurup |
|The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha |Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar |
|The first Vice-President of India |Dr. Radhakrishnan |
|The first Education Minister |Abdul Kalam Azad |
|The first Home minister of India |Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel |
|The first Indian Air Chief Marshal |S. Mukherjee |
|The first Indian Naval Chief |Vice Admiral R.D. Katari |
|The first Judge of International Court of Justice |Dr. Nagendra Singh |
|The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen |Sherpa Anga Dorjee |
|The first person to get Param Vir Chakra |Major Somnath Sharma |
|The first Chief Election Commissioner |Sukumar Sen |
|The first person to receive Magsaysay Award |Acharya Vinoba Bhave |
|The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine |Hargovind Khurana |
|The first Chinese traveller to visit India |Fahein |
|The first person to receive Stalin Prize |Saifuddin Kitchlu |
|The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet |Shyama Prasad Mukherjee |
|The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics |Amartya Sen |
|The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court |Justice Hirala J. Kania |
|The first Indian Pilot |J.R.D. Tata (1929) |
First Female in India
|The first lady to become Miss World |Rita Faria |
|The first woman judge in Supreme Court |Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi |
|The first woman Ambassador |Miss C.B. Muthamma |
|The first woman Governor of a state in free India |Mrs Sarojini Naidu |
|The first woman Speaker of a State Assembly |Shanno Devi |
|The first woman Prime Minister |Mrs Indira Gandhi |
|The first woman Minister in a Government |Rajkumari Amrit Kaur |
|The first woman to climb Mount Everest |Bachhendri Pal |
|The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice |Santosh Yadav |
|The first woman President of Indian National Congress |Mrs Annie Besant |
|The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force |Harita Kaur Dayal |
|The first woman Graduates |Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu, 1883 |
|The first woman Airline Pilot |Durba Banerjee |
|The first woman Honours Graduate |Kamini Roy, 1886 |
|The first woman Olympic medal Winner |Karnam Malleswari, 2000 |
|The first woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner |Kamlijit Sandhu |
|The first woman Lawyer |Cornelia Sorabjee |
|The first woman President of United Nations General Assembly |Mrs Vijaya Laxmi Pandit |
|The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State |Mrs Sucheta Kripalani |
|The first woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission |Roze Millian Bethew |
|The first woman Director General of Police |Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya |
|The first woman Judge |Anna Chandy (She became judge in a district court in 1937) |
|The first woman Cheif Justice of High Court |Mrs Leela Seth (Himachal Pradesh High Court) |
|The first woman Judge in Supreme Court of India |Kumari Justice M. Fathima Beevi |
|The first woman Lieutenant General |Puneeta Arora |
|The first woman Air Vice Marshal |P. Bandopadhyaya |
|The first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines |Sushma Chawla |
|The first woman IPS officer |Mrs. Kiran Bedi |
|The first and last Muslim woman ruler of India |Razia Sultan |
|The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra |Nirja Bhanot |
|The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award |Ashapurna Devi |
|The first woman to cross English Channel |Aarti Saha |
|The first woman to receive Nobel Prize |Mother Teresa |
|The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna |Mrs Indira Gandhi |
|The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award |Ashpurna Devi |
I
Indian Fairs and Festivals
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|January |Maker Sankranti |
| |Lohri |
| |Pongal |
| |Thai Pusam |
| |Flot Festivals |
| |National Kite Festival |
| |Kerela Village Fair |
| |Bikaner Festival |
| |Pattadakal Dance Festival |
| |Id-ud-Fitr |
| |Vasant Panchami |
|February |Mahashivratri |
| |Goa Carnival |
| |Desert Festival |
| |Nagaur Fair |
| |International Yoga Week |
| |Elephant Festival |
| |Deccan Festival |
| |Taj Mahotsav |
| |Surajkund Crafts Mela |
| |Chapchar Kut |
| |Islands Tourism Festivals |
|March |Holi |
| |Ganaur |
| |Jamshed-e-Navroz |
| |Ramnavami |
| |Id-ul-Zuha |
| |Mahavir Jayanti |
| |Khajuraho Dance Festival |
| |Elephant Festival |
| |Hoysla Mahotsava |
| |Ellora Festival |
|April |Good Friday |
| |Easter |
| |Baisakhi |
| |Gudi Padva or Ugadi |
| |Pooram |
| |Muharram |
| |Buddha Purnima |
| |Mewar |
|May |Urs Festival |
|June |Ganga Dussehra |
| |Hemis Festival |
|July |Rathyatra |
| |Guru Purnima |
|August |Janmashtami |
| |Onam |
| |Nag Panchami |
| |Rakshabandhan |
| |Ganesh Chaturthi |
|September |Tarnetar Mela |
|October |Navratri |
| |Durga Puja. |
| |Dussehra |
| |Marwar Festival |
|November |Sharad Purnima |
| |Diwali |
| |Guru Purab |
| |Ka Pomblang Nongrem |
| |Sonepur Fair |
| |Pushkar Fair |
| |Hampi Festival |
|December |Christma |
| |Konark Dance Festival |
Asian Games
| | |
|Games Serial |Year |Places |Number of Countries |Number of Sports |Number of Players |
|1 |1951 |New Delhi(India) |11 |6 |491 |
|2 |1954 |Manila(Philippines) |18 |8 |1021 |
|3 |1958 |Tokyo(Japan) |20 |13 |1422 |
|4 |1962 |Jakarta(Indonesia) |16 |13 |1545 |
|5 |1966 |Bangkok(Thiland) |18 |14 |1945 |
|6 |1970 |Bangkon(Thiland) |18 |13 |1752 |
|7 |1974 |Tehran(Iran) |25 |16 |2869 |
|8 |1978 |Bangkok(Thiland) |25 |19 |3000 |
|9 |1982 |New Delhi(India) |33 |21 |3447 |
|10 |1986 |Seoul(S.Korea) |27 |25 |3883 |
|11 |1990 |Beijing(China) |37 |27 |4500 |
|12 |1994 |Hiroshima(Japan) |42 |34 |7300 |
|13 |1998 |Bangkok(Thailand) |41 |38 |7000 |
|14 |2002 |Busan(S.Korea) |44 |38 |9919 |
|15 |2006 |Doha(Qatar) |45 |39 |10000+ |
|16th |2010 | Guang Zhou, China | | | |
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Biggest, Highest and Largest in India
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|Highest Award |Bharat Ratna |
|Highest Gallantry Award |Param Vir Chakra |
|Longest River in India |The Ganges |
|Longest Tributary river of India |Yamuna |
|Largest Lake |Wular Lake, Kashmir |
|Largest Lake (Saline Water) |Chilka Lake, Orrisa |
|Largest Man-Made Lake |Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam) |
|Largest Fresh Water Lake |Kolleru Lake (Andhra Pradesh) |
|Highest Lake |Devtal Lake, Gadhwal (Uttarakhand) |
|Highest Lake |Devatal (Gharhwal) |
|Highest Peak |Karkoram-2 of K-2(8,611 meters) |
| |Highest Peak in the world is Mount Everest which is in Nepal |
|Largest Populated City |Mumbai |
|Largest State(Area) |Rajasthan |
|Largest State(Population) |Uttar Pradesh |
|Highest rainfall |Cherrapunhi (426 inches per annum) |
|Highest Watefall |Nohkalikai Falls (335 meters, 1100 ft high) in Mysore |
|State wise largest area under forest |Madhya Pradesh |
|Largest Delta |Sunderbans Delta |
|Largest River without Delta |Narmada and Tapti |
|Longest Cantilever Span bridge |Howrah Bridge |
|Longest River Bridge |Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna |
|Biggest Cave temple |Ellora |
|Longest Road |Grand Trunk Road |
|Highest Road |Road at Khardungla,(in Leh-Manali Sector) |
|Biggest Mosque |Jama Masjid at Delhi |
|Highest Gateway |Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri (53.6 meters high) |
|Tallest Statue |Statue of Gomateshwar (17 meters high In Karnataka |
|Largest Public Sector Bank |State Bank of India |
|Longest Canal |Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal (Rajasthan) |
|Largest Dome |Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur |
|Largest Zoo |Zoological Garden at Alipur (Kolkata) |
|Largest Museum |India Museum at Kolkata |
|Longest Dam |Hirakud Dam (Orrisa) |
|Highest Dam |Tehri Dam ( 260 meters , 850 ft ) |
|Highest Tower |Kutab Minar at Delhi (88.4 meters high) |
|Largest Desert |Thar (Rajasthan) |
|Largest District |Kutch district |
|Fastest Train |Shatabadi Express running between New Delhi and Bhopal |
|State with longest coastline |Gujarat |
|State with longest coastline of South India |Andhra Pradesh |
|Longest Electric Railway Line |From Delhi to Kolkata via Patna |
|Longest Railway Route |From Assam to Kanyakumari |
|Longest Railway Platform |Kharagpur (W. Bengal) |
|Highest Railway Station |Ghum (W. Bengal) |
|Longest Platform |Kharagpur (West Bengal) 833 meters in Length. It is also the longest railway station in world |
|Longest Tunnel |Jawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir) |
|Longest Highway |NH-44 (NH-7) which turns from Varanasi to Kanyakumari |
|Smallest State (Population) |Sikkim |
|Smallest State (Area) |Goa |
|Largest State (Area) |Rajasthan |
|Largest State (Population) |Uttar Pradesh |
|Densest Populated State |West Bengal |
|Largest Cave |Amarnath (J&K) |
|Largest Cave Temple |Kailash Temple, Ellora (Maharastra) |
|Largest Animal Fair |Sonepur (Bihar) |
|Largest Auditorium |Sri Shanmukhanand Hall (Mumbai) |
|Biggest Hotel |Oberai-Sheraton (Mumbai) |
|Largest Port |Mumbai |
|Largest Gurudwara |Golden Temple, Amritsar |
|Deepest River Valley |Bhagirathi & Alaknanda |
|Largest Church |Saint Cathedral (Goa) |
|Oldest Church |St. Thomas Church at Palayar, Trichur (Kerala) |
|Longest River |Ganga (2640 km long) |
|Longest Beach |Marina Beach, Chennai |
|Highest Battle Field |Siachin Glacier |
|Highest Airport |Leh (Laddakh) |
|Biggest Stadium |Yuva Bharti (Salt Lake) Stadium, Kolkata |
|Largest River Island |Majuli (Brahmaputra River, Asom) |
|Largest Planetarium |Birla Planetarium (Kolkata) |
Smallest Biggest in World
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|Largest Continent |Asia, 17,212,2000 square miles |
|Smallest Continent |Australia,312,2000 square miles |
|Highest Mountain |Mount Everest, Himalayan Mountains, Nepal-Tibet, 29,035 feet above sea level |
|Lowest Point on land |The Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan, water surface 1,349 feet below sea level |
|Deepest Underwater Trench |Marina Trench, 200 miles southwest of Guam in the Pacific Ocean, 36,198 feet below the ocean surface |
|Largest Sea |The Mediterranean Sea, 1,144,800 square miles |
|Highest Lake |The Highest navigable lake is Lake Titicaca in Peru, 12,500 feet above sea level |
|Lowest Lake |The Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan, surface of water 1,349 feet below sea level |
|Largest Lake |Caspian Sea, 152,239 square miles |
|Largest Freshwater Lake |Lake Superior, US-Canada, 31,820 square miles |
|Deepest Ocean |Pacific Ocean, average depth 13,215 feet |
|Largest Ocean |Pacific Ocean, 60,060,700 square miles |
|Smallest Ocean |Arctic Ocean, 5,427,000 square miles |
|Largest Gulf |Gulf of Mexico, 615,000 square miles |
|Bay |The Bay of Bengal, 1,300,000 square miles |
|Largest Island |Greenland, 839,999 square miles |
|Largest Peninsula |Arabia, 1,250,000 square miles |
|Largest Archipelago |Indonesia, 3,500-mile stretch of 17,000 islands |
|Largest Gorge |Grand Canyon, Colorado River, Arizona, US, 217 miles long, 4-18 miles wide, 1 mile deep |
|Deepest Gorge |Hells Canyon, Snake River, Idaho, 7,900 feet deep |
|Longest Mountain Range |The Andes of South America, 5,000 miles |
|Longesr River |The Nile, Africa, 4,180 miles |
|Shortest River |The Roe, Montana, US, 200 feet long |
|Largest River |The Amazon, South America, basin of 2,500,000 square miles |
|Longesr Estuary |Ob River, Russia, 550 miles long, up to 50 miles wide |
|Larget Lagoon |Lagoa dos Patos, Brazil, 150 miles long, 4,500 square miles |
|Largest Waterfall |Angel Falls, Venezuela, 3,212 feet high |
|Oceans of the World (by Size) |
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|Pacific (155,557,000 sq km) |
|Atlantic (76,762,000 sq km) |
|Indian (68,556,000 sq km) |
|Southern (20,327,000 sq km) |
|Artic (14,056,000 sq km) |
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|Ocean's Greatest Depths |
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|Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean 35,827 ft |
|Puerto Rico Trench, Atlantic Ocean 30,246 ft |
|Java Trench, Indian Ocean 24,460 ft |
|Arctic Basin, Arctic Ocean, 18,456 ft |
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|Major Seas (by Size) |
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|South China (2,974,600 sq km) |
|Caribbean (2,515,900 sq km) |
|Mediterranean (2,510,000 sq km) |
|Bering (2,261,100 sq km) |
|Gulf of Mexico (1,507,600 sq km) |
|Arabian Sea (1,498,320 sq km) |
|Sea of Okhotsk (1,392,100 sq km) |
|Sea of Japan (East Sea - 1,012,900 sq km) |
|Hudson Bay (730,100 sq km) |
|East China (664,600 sq km) |
|Andaman (564,900 sq km) |
|Black (507,900 sq km) |
|Red (453,000 sq km) |
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|Major Rivers (by length) |
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|Nile, Africa (6,825 km) |
|Amazon, South America (6,437 km) |
|Chang Jiang (Yangtze), Asia (6,380 km) |
|Mississippi, North America (5,971 km) |
|Yenisey-Angara, Asia (5,536 km) |
|Huang(Yello), Asia (5,464 km) |
|Ob-Irtysh, Asia (5,410 km) |
|Amur, Asia (4,416 km) |
|Lena, Asia (4,400 km) |
|Congo, Africa (4,370 km) |
|Mackenzie-Peace, North America (4,241 km) |
|Mekong, Asia (4,184 km) |
|Niger, Africa (4,171 km) |
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|Major Lakes (by Size) |
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|Caspian Sea, Asia-Europe (371,000 sq km) |
|Superior, North America (82,100 sq km) |
|Victoria, Africa (69,500 sq km) |
|Huron, North America (59,600 sq km) |
|Michigan, North America (57,800 sq km) |
|Tanganyika, Africa (32,900 sq km) |
|Baikal, Asia (31,500 sq km) |
|Great Bear, North America (31,300 sq km) |
|Aral Sea, Asia (30,700 sq km) |
|Malawi, Africa (28,900 sq km) |
|Great Slave, Canada (28,568 sq km) |
|Erie, North America (25,667 sq km) |
|Winnipeg, Canada (24,387 sq km) |
|Ontario, North America (19,529 sq km) |
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|Deepest Lake (by Greatest Depth) |
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|Baikal, Russian Fed. (5,315 ft) |
|Tanganyika, Africa (4,800 ft) |
|Caspian Sea, Asia-Europe (3,363 ft) |
|Malawi or Nyasa, Africa (2,317 ft) |
|Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan (2,303 ft) |
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|Tallest Mountains (on each Continent) |
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|Mount Everest 8859 m - Asia |
|Aconcagua 6959 m - S. America |
|Mount McKinley 6194 m - N. America |
|Mount Kilimanjaro 5963 m - Africa |
|Mount Elbrus 5633 m - Europe |
|Puncak Jaya 4884 m - Oceania |
|Vinson Massif 4897 m - Antarctica |
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|Oldest Countries |
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|San Marino (301 AD) |
|France (486 AD) |
|Bulgaria (632 AD) |
|Denmark (950 AD) |
|Portugal (1143 AD) |
|Andorra (1278 AD) |
|Switzerland (1291 AD) |
| |
| |
|Youngest Countries |
| |
|Montenegro (July 2006) |
|Serbia (July 2006) |
|East Timor (2002) |
|Palau (1994) |
|Czech Republic (1993) |
|Eritrea (1993) |
|Slovakia (1993) |
|Bosnia/Hertzegovina (1992) |
| |
| |
|Continents of the World (by Size) |
| |
|#1 Asia (445,579,000 sq km) |
|#2 Africa (30,065,000 sq km) |
|#3 North America (24,256,000 sq km) |
|#4 South America (17,819,000 sq km) |
|#5 Antarctica (13,209,000 sq km) |
|#6 Europe (9,938,000 sq km) |
|#7 Australia/Oceania (7,687,000 sq km) |
| |
| |
|Continets by Population |
| |
|#1 Asia |
|#2 Africa |
|#3 Europe |
|#4 North America |
|#5 South America |
|#6 Australia/Oceania |
|#7 Antarctica |
| |
| |
|Continents by number of Countries |
| |
|#1 Africa (53) |
|#2 Europe (46) |
|#3 Asia (44) |
|#4 North America (23) |
|#5 Oceania (14) |
|#6 South America (12) |
| |
| |
|Countries with Most land Boundaries |
| |
|China - 14 |
|Russian Federation -14 |
|Brazil - 10 |
|Congo, Germany and Sudan - 10 |
|Austria, France, Tanzania, Turkey and Zambia - 8 |
| |
| |
|Top 10 Tallest Mountains |
| |
|Mount Everst, 8850m (29035 ft) - Nepal |
|Qogir (K2), 8611 m (28250 ft) - India |
|Kangchenjunga 8586 m (28169 ft) - Nepal |
|Lhotse, 8501 m (27929 ft) - Nepal |
|Makalu I, 8462 m (27765 ft) - Nepal |
|Cho Oyu, 8201 m (26906 ft) - Nepal |
|Dhaulagiri, 8167 m (26794 ft) - Nepal |
|Manaslu I, 8156 m (26758 ft) - Nepal |
|Nanga Parbat, 8125 m (26658 ft) - Pakistan |
|Annapurna I, 8091 m (26545 ft) - Nepal |
| |
| |
| |
Books by Indian Authors
|Book Name |Author |
|A bend in the river |V.S. Naipal |
|A brush with life |Satish Gujral |
|A House of Mr. Biswar |V.S. Naipal |
|A Million Mutinies Now |V.S. Naipal |
|A Passage to England |Nirad C.Chodhury |
|A Prisoner's Scrapbook |L.K. Advani |
|A River Sutra |Gita Mehra |
|A sense of time |H.S.Vatsyayan |
|A strange and subline address |Amit Chaudhary |
|A suitable boy |Vikram Seth |
|A village by the sea |Anita Desai |
|A voice for freedom |Nayantara Sehgal |
|Aansoo |Jayashankar Prasad |
|Afternoon Raag |Amit Chaudhari |
|Ageless Body, Timeless Mind |Deepak Chopra |
|Agni Veena |Kazi Nazrul Islam |
|Ain-i-Akbari |Abul Fazal |
|Amar Kosh |Amar Singh |
|An autobiography |Jawaharlal Nehru |
|An Equal Music |Vikram Seth |
|An Idealist View of life |Dr. S. Radhakrishan |
|Amrit Aur Vish |Amrit Lal Nagar |
|Anamika |Suryakant Tripathi Nirala |
|Anandmath |Bankim Chandra Chatterjee |
|Areas of Darkness |V.S. Naipal |
|Arthashastra |Kautilya |
|Ashtadhyayi |Panini |
|Autobiography of an Unknown India |Nirad C. Choudhury |
|Bandicoot Run |Manohar Malgonkar |
|Beginning of the Beginning |Bhagwan Shri Rajneesh |
|Between the Lines |Kuldip Nayyar |
|Beyond Modernisation, Beyond Self |Sisirkumar Ghose |
|Bhagvad Gita |Ved Vyas |
|Bharat Bharati |Maithilisharan Gupt |
|Bharat Durdasha |Bhartendu Harischandra |
|Border and Boundaries: women in India's Partition |Ritu Menon & Kamla Bhasin |
|Bharat Bharati |Maithili Saran Gupt |
|Breaking the Silence |Anees Jung |
|Bride and the Sahib and the other stories |Khushwant Singh |
|Broken Wings |Sarojini Naidu |
|Bubble, The |Mulk Raj Anand |
|Buddha Charitam |Ashwaghosh |
|By God's Decree |Kapil Dev |
|Chandalika |Rabindra Nath Tagore |
|Chandrakanta Santati |Devkinandan Khatri |
|Chemmen: Thakazhi |Sivasankara Pillai |
|Chitra |Rabindranath Tagore |
|Chitralekha |Bhagwati Charan Verma |
|Chitrangada |Rabindra Nath Tagore |
|Circle of Reason |Amitav Ghosh |
|Clear Light of Day |Anita Desai |
|Confessions of a Lower |Mulk Raj Anand |
|Confrontation with Pakistan |B. M. Kaul |
|Conquest of Self |Mahatma Ghandhi |
|Continent of Crime |Nirad C Chaudhary |
|Coolie |Mulk Raj Anand |
|Court Dancer |Rabindranath Tagore |
|Culture in the Vanity Bag |Nirad C Chaudhury |
|Days of My Years |H.P. Nanda |
|Daybhag |Jeemootwahan |
|Death of a City |Amrita Pritam |
|Devdas |Sharat Chandra Chatterjee |
|Discovery of India |Jawaharlal Nehru |
|Distant Drums |Manohar Malgonkar |
|Distint Neighbours: India |Kuldip Nayar |
|Divine Life |Swami Shivananda |
|Durgesh Nandini |Bankim Chandra Chatterjee |
|Dynamics of Social Change |Chandra Shekhar |
|Eight Lives |Rajmohan Gandhi |
|English August |Upamanyu Chatterjee |
|Essays on Gita |Sri Aurobindo Ghosh |
|Eternal Himalayas |Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia |
|Eternal India |Mrs Indira Gandhi |
|Faces of Everest |Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia |
|Foreign Policy of India |I.K. Gujral |
|Forty Nine Days |Amrita Pritam |
|From Rajpath to Lokpath |Vijaya Raje Scindia |
|Gaban |Munsi Premchand |
|Ganadevata |Tara Shankar Bandopadhyaya |
|Gardener |Rabindra Nath Tagore |
|Geet Govind |Jayadev |
|Ghasiram Kotwal |Vijay Tendulkar |
|Gitanjali |Rabindranath Tagore |
|Gita Rahasya |Bal Gangadhar Tilak |
|Glimpses of World History |Jawaharlal Nehru |
|Godan |Prem Chand |
|Golden Threshold |Sarojini Naidu |
|Gora |Rabindra Nath Tagore |
|Guide |R.K. Narayanan |
|Harsha Charita |Bana Bhatta |
|Harvest |Manjula Padmanabhan |
|Heir Apparent |Dr. Karan Singh |
|Himalayan Blunder |Brigadier J.P. Dalvi |
|Hind Swaraj |M.K. Gandhi |
|Hindu View of Life |Dr. S. Radhakrishan |
|Hinduism |Nirad C. Choudhury |
|History of India |Romila Thapar |
|Hullabaloo in a Guava Orchard |Kiran Desai |
|Humanyunama |Gulbadan Beghum |
|Hungary Stones |Rabindranath Tagore |
|I follow the Mahatma |K.M. Munshi |
|Idols |Sunil Gavaskar |
|India After Nehru |Kuldip Nayyar |
|India Divided |Rajendra Prasad |
|India Unbound |Gurcharan Das |
|India of Our Dreams |M.V. Kamath |
|India Wins Freedom |Abdul Kalam Azad |
|India's Priceless Heritage |N.A. Palkhivala |
|Indian Philosophy |Dr. S. Radhakrishan |
|Indira Ghandi Returns |Khushwant Singh |
|Indira Gandhi: Badhate Kadam |Khushwant Singh |
|Inscrutable Americans |Anurag Mathur |
|Interpreter of Maladies |Jhumpa Lahiri |
|It's Always Possible |Kiran Bedi |
|Jai Somnath |K.M. Munshi |
|Jayadev |Geet Govind |
|Jhansi Ki Rani |Vrindavanlal Verma |
|Kadambari |Bana Bhatt |
|Kagaz Te Kanwas |Amrita Pritam |
|Kamasutra |S.H. Vatsyayan |
|Kanthapura |Raja Rao |
|Kapala Kundala |Bankim Chandra Chatterjee |
|Karmabhumi |Munsi Premchand |
|Kashmir: A Tale of Shame |Hari Jaisingh |
|Kashmr: A Tragedy of Errors Kayar |Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai |
|Kitab-ul-Hind |Al-Beruni |
|Kitni Nawon Kitni Bar |S.H. Vatsyayan |
|Kulliyat |Ghalib |
|Kumar Sambhava |Kalidas |
|Kurukshetra |Ramdhari Singh Dinkar |
|Last Burden |Upamanyu Chatterjee |
|Life Divine |Sri Aurobindo Ghosh |
|Lipika |Rabindranath Tagore |
|Lost Child |Mulk Raj Anand |
|Mahabharta |Ved Vyas |
|Mahatma Gandhi and his Apolstles |Ved Mehta |
|Malgudi Days |R.K. Narayanan |
|Malti Madhav |Bhavabhuti |
|Meghdootam |Kalidasa |
|Mitakshara |Vigyaneshwar |
|Mrichhakatikam |Shudrak |
|My Days |R.K. Narayanan |
|My India |S. Nihal Singh |
|My Life and Times |V.V. Giri |
|My Music, My Life |Pt. Ravi Shankar |
|My Presidental Years |R. Venkatraman |
|My Truth |Indira Gandhi |
|Mudra Rakshas |Vishakhadatta |
|Natural History |Plini |
|New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy |A.B. Vajpayee |
|Nisheeth |Uma Shankar Joshi |
|Operation Bluestar: The True Story |Lt. Gen K.S. Brar |
|Our Films, Their Films |Satyajit Ray |
|Padmavat |Malik Mohammed Jayasi |
|Painter of Signs |R.K. Narayan |
|Panchatantra |Vishnu Sharma |
|Parineeta |Sharat Chandra Chatterji |
|Past Forward |G.R. Narayanan |
|Pather Panchali |Bibhuti Bhushan |
|Plain Speaking |N. Chandrababu Naidu |
|Portrait of India |Ved Mehta |
|Post Office |Rabindranath Tagore |
|Prem Pachisi |Munsi Prem Chand |
|Prem Vatika |Raskhan |
|Rajatarangini |Kalhana |
|Ram Charita Manas |Tulsidas |
|Ramayana |Maharishi Valmiki |
|Raghuvamsa |Kalidas |
|Ranghbhommi |Munsi Premchand |
|Ratnavali |Harsha Vardhan |
|Ravi Paar (Across the River) |Gulzar |
|Red Earth and Pouring Rain |Vikram Chandra |
|Ritu Samhara |Kalidas |
|Saket |Maithili Sharan Gupta |
|Satya Karischandra |Bhartendu Harischandra |
|Sakharam Binder |Vijay Tendulkar |
|Secular Agenda |Arun Shourie |
|Seven Summers |Mulk Raj Anand |
|Shadow from Ladakh |Bhabani Bhattacharya |
|Shahnama |Firdausi |
|Shrikant |Sharat Chandra Chatterji |
|Snakes and Ladders: Essays on India |Gita Mehta |
|Social Change in Modern India |M.N. Srinivas |
|Sultry Days |Shobha De |
|Sunny Days |Sunil Gavaskar |
|Sursagar |Sur Das |
|Swami and Friends |R.K. Narayanan |
|The Bride's Book of Beauty |Mulk Raj Anand |
|The Cat and Shakespeare |Raja Rao |
|The Company of Women |Khushwant Singh |
|The Critical Years: In Jail |Kuldip Nayyar |
|The Dark Room |R.K. Narayanan |
|The Degeneration of India |T.N. Seshan |
|The Glass Palace |Amitav Ghosh |
|The God of Small Things |Arundhati Roy |
|The Golden Gate |Vikram Seth |
|The Judgement |Kuldip Nayyar |
|The Men Who Killed Gandhi |Manohar Malgonkar |
|The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success |Deepak Chopra |
|The Songs of India |Sarojini Naidu |
|The Story of My Experiments with Truth |Mahatma Gandhi |
|The Strange and Subline Address |Amit Chaudhuri |
|The Sword and the Sickle |Mulk Raj Anand |
|The vendor of Sweets |R.K. Narayanan |
|The way of the Wizard |Deepak Chopra |
|Train to Pakistan |Khushwant Singh |
|Two Leaves and a Bud |Mulk Raj Anand |
|Untold Story |B. M. Kaul |
|Urvashi |Ramdhari Singh Dinkar |
|Visarjana |Rabindra Nath Tagore |
|Waiting for the Mahatma |R.K. Narayanan |
|Wake up India |Annie Besant |
|We, Indians |Khushwant Singh |
|Wreck, The |Rabindranath Tagore |
|Yama |Mahadevi Verma |
|Yashodhara |Maithili Sharan Gupt |
|Years of Pilgrimage |Dr. Raja Ramana |
World Cup Football
Winners List
|Year |Host Country |Winner |Score |
|2010 |South Africa |Spain |Spain 1-0 Netherlands |
|2006 |Germany |Italy |Italy 1-1 (5-3) France |
|2002 |Japan / S. Korea |Brazil |Brazil 2-0 Germany |
|1998 |France |France |France 3-0 Brazil |
|1994 |US |Brazil |Brazil 3-2 Italy |
|1990 |Italy |Germany |Germany 1-0 Argentina |
|1986 |Mexico |Argentina |Argentina 3-2 Germany |
|1982 |Spain |Italy |Italy 3-1 Germany |
|1978 |Argentina |Argentina |Argentina 3-1 Holland |
|1974 |Germany |Germany |Germany 2-1 Holland |
|1970 |Mexico |Brazil |Brazil 4-1 Italy |
|1966 |England |England |England 4-2 Germany |
|1962 |Chile |Brazil |Brazil 3-1 Czechoslovakia |
|1958 |Sweden |Brazil |Brazil 5-2 Sweden |
|1954 |Switzerland |Germany |Germany 3-2 Hungary |
|1950 |Brazil |Uruguay |Uruguay 2-1 Brazil |
|1946 |not held |
|1942 |not held |
|1938 |France |Italy |Italy 4-2 Hungary |
|1934 |Italy |Italy |Italy 2-1 Czechoslovakia |
|1930 |Uruguay |Uruguay |Uruguay 4-2 Argentina |
Cricket World Cup Winners List
|year |winner |Runner-up |
|2011 |India |Sri Lanka |
|2007 |Australia |Sri Lanka |
|2003 |Australia |India |
|1999 |Australia |Pakistan |
|1996 |Sri Lanka |Australia |
|1992 |Pakistan |England |
|1987 |Australia |England |
|1983 |India |West Indies |
|1979 |West Indies |England |
|1975 |West Indies |Australia |
Hockey World Cup Winners List
|Year |Host | |Final |
| | | |ft. |
|Toro |
|[pic] |
| |
|[pic]Award for Gallantry, Highest |
| Param Vir Chakra |
| |
|[pic]Award, highest civilian |
| Bharat Ratna |
| |
|[pic]Bank with largest number of branches |
| State Bank of India |
| |
|[pic]Road bridge, Longest |
| Mahatma Gandhi Setu (across Ganga—Patna 5.575 Km.) |
| |
|[pic]Cantilever Span Bridge, Largest |
| Howrah Bridge (Kolkata) |
| |
|[pic]Cattle Fair, Largest |
| Sonepur Fair (Bihar) |
| |
|[pic]City, Most Populous |
| Mumbai |
| |
|[pic]Corridor, Longest |
| Ramanathaswamy Corridor, Tamil Nadu (1,220 mt.) |
| |
|[pic]Desert, Largest |
| Thar (Rajasthan) |
| |
|[pic]Dam, Longest |
| Hirakud Dam (Odisha) |
| |
|[pic]Dam, Highest |
| Bhakra Dam on river Sutlej (740 ft.) |
| |
|[pic]Delta, Largest |
| Sunderban (12,872 Sq. km.) |
| |
| |
| |
|[pic]Dome, Largest |
| Gol Gumbaz (Bijapur) |
| |
|[pic]Gateway, Highest |
| Buland Darwaja at Fatehpur Sikri (54 m.) |
| |
|[pic]Lake, Largest |
| Wular Lake (Kashmir) |
| |
|[pic]Literacy, Highest |
| Kerala |
| |
|[pic]Museum, Largest |
| Indian Museum (Kolkata) |
| |
|[pic]Mosque, Biggest |
| Jama Masjid (Delhi) |
| |
|[pic]Peak, Highest |
| K-2 (8,611 mt.) |
| |
|[pic]Railway Platform, Longest |
| Kharagpur, SE Railway (2,733 ft.) |
| |
|[pic]Railway Bridge, Largest |
| Nehru Setu, Bihar (river Sone) |
| |
|[pic]River, Longest |
| The Ganga river (2,525 km.) |
| |
|[pic]Rainfall, Highest (annual mean) |
| Mowsyrnam near Cherrapunji (1,080 mm) (Meghalaya) |
| |
|[pic]Road, Longest |
| Grand Trunk Road |
| |
|[pic]Rock-cut Temple, Largest |
| KailashTemples, Ellora (Maharashtra) |
| |
|[pic]State, maximum forest cover |
| Mizoram (cover 75.5% area) |
| |
|[pic]Statue Tallest |
| Statue of Risabhnath (Khargone, M.P.) 84 ft. |
| |
|[pic]State, Largest (area) |
| Rajasthan (3,42,239 sq. km.) |
| |
|[pic]State, Most Populous |
| Uttar Pradesh (16,61,97,921) |
| |
|[pic]State with Maximum density of population |
| West Bengal (903 persons per sq. km.) |
| |
|[pic]Tunnel, Longest (Road) |
| Jawahar Tunnel (J & K—1.75 miles) |
| |
|[pic]Tunnel, Longest (Railway) |
| Between Monkey Hill and Khandala |
|stations (2,100 mt. long) |
| |
|[pic]Tower, Highest |
| Qutub Minar (Delhi, 72.5 mt.) |
| |
|[pic]Waterfall, Highest |
| Gersoppa Waterfall, Mysore (290 m.) |
| |
|[pic]Zoo, Largest |
| Zoological Gardens, Kolkata |
| |
|[pic]Man-made Lake, Largest |
| Govind Sagar (Bhakra) |
| |
| |
Parliament of Different Countries
| | |
|Country |Parliament |
|Afghanistan |Shora |
|Andorra |General Council |
|Albania |People's Assembly |
|Azerbaijan |Melli Majlis |
|Algeria |National People's Assembly |
|Angola |National People's Assembly |
|Argentina |National Congress |
|Australia |Federal Parliament |
|Austria |National Assembly |
|Bahamas |General Assembly |
|Bahrain |Consultative Council |
|Bangladesh |Jatiya Sansad |
|Belize |National Assembly |
|Bhutan |Tsogdu |
|Bolivia |National Congress |
|Brazil |National Congress |
|Brunei |National Assembly |
|Botswana |National Assembly |
|Britain |Parliment (House of Common's and House of Lords) |
|Bulgaria |Narodno Subranie. |
|Cambodia |National Assembly |
|Congo Democratic |Rep. of National Legislative Council |
|Colombia |Congress |
|Canada |Parliament |
|China |National People's Assembly |
|Chile |Chamber of Deputies and Senate |
|Comoros |Legislative Council and Senate |
|Costa Rice |Legislative Council and Senate |
|Crotia |Sabor |
|Cuba |National Assembly of People's Power |
|Czech Republic |Chamber of Deputies and Senate |
|Denmark |Folketing |
|Ecuador |Natinal Congress |
|El Salvador |Legislative Assembly |
|East Timor |Constituent Assembly |
|Ethiopia |Federal Council and House of Representative |
|Egypt |People's Assembly |
|Fiji Islands |Senate & House of Representative |
|France |National Assembly |
|Finland |Eduskusta (Parliament) |
|Germany |Bundestag (Lower House) and Bundesrat (Upper House) |
|Guyana |National Assembly |
|Greece |Chamber of Deputies |
|Hungry |National Assembly |
|Iceland |Althing |
|India |Sansad |
|Indonesia |People's Consultative Assembly |
|Iran |Majlis |
|Iraq |National Assembly |
|Israel |Knesset |
|Italy |Chamber of Deputies and Senate |
|Japan |Diet |
|Jordan |National Assembly |
|Korea(North) |Supreme People's Assembly |
|Korea(South) |National Assembly |
|Kuwait |National Assembly |
|Laos |People's Supreme Assembly |
|Labanon |National Assembly |
|Lesotho |National Assembly and Senate |
|Lithuania |Seimas |
|Luxembourg |Chamber of Deputies |
|Libya |General People's Congress |
|Malaysia |Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara |
|Maldives |Majlis |
|Madagascar |National People's Assembly |
|Mongolia |Great People's Khural |
|Montenegro |Federal Assembly |
|Mozambique |People's Assembly |
|Myanmar |Pyithu Hluttaw |
|Nepal |Rashtriya Panchayat |
|Netherlands |The Staten General |
|New Zealand |Parliament (House of Representative) |
|Oman |Monarchy |
|Pakistan |National Assembly & Senate |
|Paraguay |Senate & Chamber of Deputies |
|Philippines |The Congress |
|Papua New Guinea |National Parliament |
|Poland |Sejm |
|Romania |Great National Assembly |
|Russia |Duma & Federal Council |
|Serbia |Federal Assembly |
|Senegal |National Assembly |
|Seychelles |People's Assembly |
|South Africa Rep. |House of Assembly |
|Spain |Cortes |
|Sweden |Riksdag |
|Saudi Arabia |Majlis Al Shura |
|Sudan |Majlis Watani |
|Switzerland |Federal Assembly |
|Syria |People's Council |
|Turkey |Grand National Assembly |
|USA |Congress |
|Vietnam |National Assembly |
|Venezuela |National Congress |
|Zambia |National Assembly |
Books and Author
|Book's Name |Author's Name |
|A Bend in the River |V. S. Naipaul |
|A Bend in the River |V.S.Naipaul |
|A Gift of Monotheists |Ram Mohan Roy |
|A House for Mr.Biswas |V.S.Naipaul |
|A Journey |Tony Blair |
|A Minister and his Responsibilities |Morarji Bhai Desai |
|A Nation is Making |Surendra Nath Bandhopadhye |
|A Pair of Blue Eyes |Thomash Hardy |
|A Passage to India |E. M. Foster |
|A Revenue Stamp (autobiography) |Amrita Pritam |
|A Strange and Sublime Address |Amit Choudhary |
|A Suitable Boy |Bikram Seth |
|A Tale of Two Cities |Charls Dikens |
|A Voice of Freedom |Nayantara Shehgal |
|A week with Gandhi |L. Fischer |
|Adventures of Sherlock Homes |Arther Canon Doel |
|All the Prime Minister's Men |Janardan Thakur |
|Allahabad Prasasti |Harisen |
|Amitabh- the Making of the Superstar |Susmita Das Gupta |
|Amukta Malyad |Krishna Deva Raya |
|An Unknown Indian |Nirod C. Choudhary |
|Anand Math |Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye |
|Anna Karenina |Leo Tolstoy |
|Aparajito |Bibhuti Bhushan Bandopadhyay |
|Apple Cart |G. B. Shaw |
|Aranyak |Bibhuti Bhushan Bandopadhyay |
|Arogyaniketan |Tarashankar Bandopadhyay |
|Astyadhaye |Panini |
|Bakul Katha |Ashapurna Devi |
|Ban Palashir Padabali |Ramapada Chowdhury |
|Bandit Queen |Mala Sen |
|Bela Obela Kalbela |Jibanananda Das |
|Bengali Zamindar |Nilmoni Mukherjee |
|Bicramanchadev |Bilhon |
|Blind Beauty |Boris Pasternak |
|Buddhacharit |Asha Ghosh |
|Captive Lady |Michel Madhusudan Dutta |
|Causes of the Indian Mutiny |Sir Syyed Ahmed Khan |
|Charitraheen |Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay |
|Chidambara |S. N. Panth |
|Circle of the Region |Amitabha Ghosh |
|City of Job Charnak |Nisith Ranjan Roy |
|Commedy Errors |Shekhspear |
|Conversations with Myself |Nelson Mandela |
|Coolie |Mulkraj Anand |
|Crisis of India |Ronal Segal |
|Das Capital |Karl Marks |
|Death of President |W. Marchent |
|Decamaren |Bocachio |
|Desert Village |Oliver Goldsmith |
|Devdas |Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay |
|Development as Freedom |Amartya Sen |
|Development as Freedom |Amartya Sen |
|Devi Chaudharani |Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye |
|Devine Comedi |Dante |
| Divine Life |Sivanand |
|Economic History of India |Ramesh Chandra Dutta |
|End and Means |Huxlay |
|Faust |Goethe |
|Ferary Queen |Edmond Spensar |
|Freedom at Midnight |Lapierre & Collins |
|Friend Not Master |Ayub Khan |
|Ganadebata |Tarashankar Bandopadhyay |
|Gathering Strom |Churchil |
|Ghulam Giri |Jyotiba Phule |
|Global Crisis Recession and Uneven Recovery |Y.B. Reddy |
|Great Indian and Their Landmark Speeches |Manohar and Sarita Prabhakar |
|Guid |R. K. Narayanan |
|Gurdbaho |Bakpatiraj |
|Hero of Nymph |Aurobindo Ghosh |
|Hind Swaraj |M. K. Gandhi |
|Hindu View of Life |S. Radhakrishnan |
|Historica |Herodotus |
|I follow the Mahatma |K. M. Munshi |
|I Van Ho |Walter Scot |
|Ignited Minds - Unleashing the power within India |DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam |
|In an Antique Land |Amitabh Ghosh |
|India 2020 - A Vision for the New Millennium |DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam |
|India Divided |Rajendra Prashad |
|India for A Billion Reasons |Amit Dasgupta |
|India Wins Freedom |Abdul Kalam Azad |
|Indian Epigraphy |D. C. Sircar |
|Indian Village |S.C. Dube |
|Indian war and Independence |D. V. Savarkar |
|Indica |Megasthenis |
|Infinite Jest |David Foster Wallace |
|Inheritance of Loss |Kiran Desai |
|Jalsaghar |Tarashankar Bandopadhyay |
|Jhara Palak |Jibanananda Das |
|Jinnah- India, Partition, Independence |Jaswant Singh |
|Jungle Book |R. Kippling |
|Kanterbary Tells |Geofray Chosar |
|Kidnapped |Stevenson |
|Kubla Khan |Coleridge |
|Lalit Bihar |Ashwa Ghosh |
|Life Devine |Aurobindo Ghosh |
|Mahabhashya |Patanjali |
|Man and Superman |G. B. Shaw |
|Midnight Children |Salman Rushdi |
|Mitakshara |Vijnaneswara |
|Modernization of Indian Tradition |Yogendra Singh |
|Mother |Maxim Gorkay |
|Mother India |Katharin Mayo |
|Murder in Cathedral |Elliot |
|My Country My Life |Lal Krishna Advani |
|My Experiments With Truth |M.K. Gandhi |
|My Indian Years |Lord Hardinge II |
|My Journey |DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam |
|Myth of Independence |Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
|Neel Darpan |Dinbandhu Mitra |
|etaji Dead or Alive |Samar Guha |
|New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy |A. B. Vajpayee |
|New India |Annie Besant |
|One Night @ the Call Centre |Chetan Bhagat |
|Padma Nadir Majhi |Manik Bandopadhyay |
|Pakhtoon |Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan |
|Palli Samaj |Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay |
|Paradise Lost |John Milton |
|Parineeta |Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay |
|Pather Panchali |Bibhuti BHushan Bandopadhaye |
|Poverty & Un-British Rule in India |Dadabhai Naoroji |
|Pratham Pratisruti |Ashapurna Devi |
|Precepts of Jesus |Ram Mohan Roy |
|Pride and Prejudice |Jane Austen |
|Principles of Sociology |Herbert Spencer |
|Prison Diary |Jay Prakash Narayan |
|Problems of the East |Lord Curzon |
|Putul Nacher Itikatha |Manik Bandopadhyay |
|Races and Cultures of India |D.N. Majumdar |
|Rajtarangini |Kalhan |
|Ramcharit |S. K. Nandi |
|Rashmirathi |Ramdhari Singh Dinkar |
|River of Smoke |Amitav Ghosh |
|Saket |Mathili Saran Gupta |
|Satyarth Prakash |Swami Dayanand |
|Shadow Line |Amitabh Ghosh |
|Shadow of Ladakh |B. Bhattacharia |
|Shape of Things To Come |H. G. Wells |
|Sitaram |Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye |
|Social Structure of Values |Radha Kamal Mukherjee |
|Straight from the Heart |Kapil Dev |
|Subarnalata |Ashapurna Devi |
|Tahakak - E - HInd |Albiruni |
|Talisman |Walter Scott |
|The Algebra of Infinite Justice |Arundhati Roy |
|The Bandit Queen |Mala Sen |
|The City of Joy |Dhominic Lapier |
|The Discovery of India |Jawahar Lal Nehru |
|The God of Small Things |Arundhuti Roy |
|The Harry Potter Series |J. K. Rowling |
|The Indian Struggle |Subash Chandra Bose |
|The Indian War of Independence |V. D. Savarkar |
|The Inheritance of Loss |Kiran Desai |
|The Judgement |Kuldip Nayar |
|The Masque of Africa |V. S. Naipaul |
|The Miracle of Democracy: India's Amazing Journey |Mr. T. S. Krishnamurthy |
|The Nadars of Tamil Nadu |D.N. Dhanagre |
|The Nehrus; Motilal and Jawaharlal |B. R. Nanda |
|The Prince |Maciavaly |
|The Rediscovery of India |Meghnad Desai |
|The Satanic Verse |Salman Rushdi |
|The Science of Bharat Natyam |Saroja Vaidyanathan |
|The Sense of an Ending |Julian Barnes |
|The Silent Cry |Kenjaburo Ue |
|The Spirit of Islam |Syyed Amir Ali |
|The Village By the Sea |Anita Desai |
|The White Tiger |Aravind Adiga |
|Theory of Relativity |Alexander Doma |
|Three Marketiars |Einstein |
|To all fighters of freedom, Why Socialism? |J. P. Narayan |
|Truth, Love and A Little Malice |Khushwant Singh |
|Two Leaves and a Bud |Mulkraj Anand |
|Two Lives |Vikram Seth |
|Unhappy India |L. Roy |
|Urbashi |R. D. Dinkar |
|Utopia |Thomas Moor |
|Vision of the Past |Michel Madhusudan Dutta |
|Volga Se Ganga |Rahul Sankritayan |
|War and Peace |Tolstoy |
|What Congress and Gandhi have done to the untouchables |B. R. Ambedkar |
|Wings of Fire |DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam |
| |
List of National Games of all countries
| |Sport |
|Country | |
|Afghanistan |Buzkashi |
|Anguilla |Yacht racing |
|Antigua and Barbuda |Cricket |
|Barbados |Cricket |
|Bermuda |Cricket |
|Bhutan |Archery |
|Cuba |Baseball |
|Dominican Republic |Baseball |
|Finland |Pesäpallo |
|Grenada |Cricket |
|Guyana |Cricket |
|India |Field hockey |
|Israel |Association Football |
|Ireland ("national games") |Gaelic games |
|Jamaica |Cricket |
|Japan |Sumo |
|Latvia |Basketball (summer), Ice hockey (winter) |
|Lithuania |Basketball |
|Madagascar |Rugby union |
|New Zealand |Rugby union |
|Norway |Cross-country skiing |
|Pakistan |Field Hockey |
|Papua New Guinea |Rugby league |
|Peru |Paleta Frontón |
|Romania |Oină |
|Russia |Bandy |
|Scotland |Golf |
|Slovenia |Alpine skiing |
|Turkey ("ancestral sports") |Wrestling& Cirit |
|Turks and Caicos Islands |Cricket |
|United States |Baseball (spring/summer), American football (autumn) |
|Wales |Rugby union |
| FAMOUS SITES IN INDIA |
|Adina Mosque: Pandua (West Bengal) |
|Ajanta Caves: Aurangabad (Maharashtra) |
|Akbar’s Tomb: Sikandra, Agra |
| |
|Aksherdham: Gandhinagar, Gujarat |
|Amarnath Cave: Kashmir |
|Amber Palace: Jaipur (Rajasthan) |
|Anand Bhawan: Allahabad |
|Bibi Ka Maqbra: Aurangabad |
|Birla Planetarium: Kolkata |
|Black Pagoda: Konarak (Orissa) |
|Bodhistava: Ajanta Caves |
|Brihadeeswara: Tanjore Temple |
|Brindaban Gardens: Mysore |
|Buland Darwaza: Fatehpur Sikri |
|Char Minar: Hyderabad |
|Cheena Kesava Temple: Bellur |
|Chilka Lake: East Coast of India near Bhubaneswar |
|Dal Lake: Srinagar |
|Dilwara Temples: Mt Abu |
|Elephanta Caves: Mumbai |
|Ellora Caves: Aurangabad |
|Gateway of India: Mumbai |
|Golden Temple: Amritsar |
|Gol Gumbaz: Bijapur |
|Hanging Gardens: Mumbai |
|Hawa Mahal: Jaipur |
|Howrah Bridge: Kolkata |
|Island Palace: Udaipur |
|Itmad-ud-Daulah’s Tomb: Agra |
|Jagannath Temple: Puri |
|Jahaz Mahal: Mandu |
|Jai Stambha (Tower of Victory): Chittorgarh |
|Jama Masjid: Delhi |
|Jantar Mantar: New Delhi |
|Jog (Gersoppa) Falls: Mysore |
|Kailasa Temple: Ellora |
|Kalan Masjid: Delhi |
|Kanyakumari Temple: Cape Comorin (Tamil Nadu) |
|Khajuraho: Bhopal |
|Konarak: Puri |
|Lakshmi Vilas Palace: Baroda |
|Lal Bagh Garden: Bengaluru |
|Lalgarh Palace: Bikaner |
|Lingaraj Temple: Bhubaneswar |
|Mahakaleshwar Temple: Ujjain |
|Maheshmurti (Trimurti): Elephanta Caves |
|Mahmud Gawan’s Mosque: Bidar |
|Malabar Hill: Mumbai |
|Marble Rocks: Jabalpur |
|Marina: Chennai |
|Minakshi Temple: Madurai |
|Mt Girnar (Jain Temples): Junagadh |
|Nagin Lake: Srinagar |
|Nataraja: Chennai |
|Nishat Bagh: Srinagar |
|Padmanabha Temple: Thiruvanthapuram |
|Palitana: Junagadh |
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FAMOUS SITES IN INDIA
1. Panch Mahal: Fatehpur Sikri
2. Pichola Lake: Udaipur
3. Qutab Minar: Delhi
4. Raj Ghat: Delhi
5. Rashtrapati Bhawan: Delhi
6. Red Fort: Delhi
7. Sanchi Tope (The Great Stupa): Sanchi, Bhopal
8. Santa Cruz: Mumbai
9. Shakti Sthal: Delhi
10. Shalimar Bagh: Srinagar
11. Shahi Chashma: Srinagar
12. Shanti Van: Delhi
13. Shore Temple: Mahabalipuram
14. Sidi Sayyid Mosque: Ahmedabad
15. Somnathpur Temple: Mysore
16. Statue of Gomateswara: Mysore
17. Statue of Ugra: Hampi
18. Sunderbans: West Bengal
19. Sun Temple: Konarak
20. Taj Mahal: Agra
21. Tehzeeb Mahal: Srinagar
22. Tirupati Temple: Andhra Pradesh
23. Tower of Silence: Mumbai (of the Parsis)
24. Victoria Memorial: Kolkata
25. Victoria Garden: Mumbai
26. Vijay Ghat: Delhi
| CAPITALS OF COUNTRIES |
|Afghanistan: Kabul |
|Albania: Tirana |
|Algeria: Algiers |
|Angola: Luanda |
|Antigua & Barbuda: St John’s |
|Argentina: Buenos Aires |
|Armenia: Yerevan |
|Australia: Canberra |
|Austria : Vienna |
|Azerbijan: Baku |
|Bahamas: Nassau |
|Bahrain: Manama |
|Bangladesh: Dhaka |
|Barbados: Bridgetown |
|Belgium: Brussels |
|Belarus: Minsk |
|Belize: Belmopan |
|Benin: Porto Novo |
|Bhutan: Thimpu |
|Bosnia-Herzegovina : Sarajevo |
|Botswana: Gaberones |
|Bolivia: La Paz |
|Brazil: Brasillia |
|Brunei: Bandar Seri Begawan |
|Bulgaria: Sofia |
|Burkina Faso: Ouagadougau |
|Burundi : Bujumbura |
|Cambodia: Phnom Penh |
|Cameroon: Yaounde |
|Canada: Ottawa |
|Cape Verde: Praia |
|Central African Republic: Bangui |
|Chad: Fort Lamy |
|Chile: Santiago |
|China: Beijing |
|Colombia: Bogota |
|Congo: Brazzaville |
|Costa Rica: San Jose |
|Croatia: Zagreb |
|Cuba: Havana |
|Cyprus: Nicosia |
|Czech Republic: Prague |
|Denmark: Copenhagen |
|Djibouti : Djibouti |
|Dominican Republic: Santo Domingo |
|East Timor: Dilli |
|Ecuador: Quito |
|Egypt: Cairo |
|Equatorial Guinea: Santa Isabel |
|Eritrea: Asmara |
|Estonia: Tallion |
|Ethiopia: Addis Ababa |
|Fiji: Suva |
|Finland: Helsinki |
|France: Paris |
|Gabon: Libreville |
|Gambia: Banjul |
|Georgia: Tiblisi |
|Germany: Berlin |
|Ghana: Accra |
|Greece: Athens |
|Grenada: St George’s |
|Guatemala: Guatemala City |
|Guinea: Conakry |
|Guinea-Bissau: Bissau |
|Guyana: Georgetown |
|Honduras: Tegucigalpa |
|Hungar: Budapest |
|India: New Delhi |
|Indonesia: Jakarta |
|Iran: Tehran |
|Iraq: Baghdad |
|Ireland (or Eire): Dublin |
|Israel: Jerusalem |
|Italy: Rome |
|Ivory Coast: Abidjan |
|Jamaica: Kingston |
|Japan: Tokyo |
|Jordan: Amman |
|Kenya: Nairobi |
|Kazakhstan: Alma-Ata |
|Kirghiztan: Bishkek |
|Kiribati: Tarawa |
|Korea (North): Pyongyang |
|Korea (South): Seoul |
|Latvia: Riga |
|Latvia: Riga |
|Laos: Vientiane |
|Lebanon: Beirut |
| |
|Lesotho: Maseru |
|Liberia: Verduz |
|Libya: Tripoli |
|Liechtenstein: Vaduz |
|Lithuania: Vilnius |
|Luxembourg: Luxembourg |
|Macedonia: Skopje |
|Madagascar: Antananarivo |
|Malawi: Zomba |
|Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur |
|Maldives: Male |
|Mali: Bamako |
|Malta: Valletta |
|Mauritius: Port Louis |
|Mauritania: Nouakchott |
|Mexico: Mexico City |
|Moldova: Chisinan |
|Monaco: Monaco |
|Mongolia: Ulan Bator |
|Morocco: Rabat |
|Mozambique: Lourenco Marques |
|Myanmar (Burma): Rangoon |
|Namibia: Windhoek |
|Nauru: Yaren |
|Nepal : Kathmandu |
|Netherlands: Amsterdam |
|New Zealand : Wellington |
|Niger: Niamey |
|Nigeria: Abuja |
|Northern Ireland: Belfast |
|Norway : Oslo |
|Oman: Muscat |
|Pakistan: Islamabad |
|Palau: Koror |
|Palestine: Jericho (Headquarters) |
|Panama: Panama City |
|Papua New Guinea: Port Moresly |
|Paraguay: Asuncion |
|Peru: Lima |
|Philippines: Manila |
|Poland: Warsaw |
|Portugal: Lisbon |
|Qatar: Doha |
|Romania: Bucharest |
|Russia: Moscow |
|Rwanda: Kigali |
|Saudi Arabia: Riyadh |
|Senegal: Dakar |
|Serbia: Belgrade |
|Seychelles: Victoria |
|Sierra Leone: Freetown |
|Singapore: Singapore City |
|Slovakia: Bratislava |
|Slovenia: Ljubejana |
|South Africa: Pretoria and Cape Town |
|Somalia: Magadishu |
|Spain: Madrid |
|Sri Lanka: Colombo |
|Sudan: Khartoum |
|Suriname: Paramaribo |
|Swaziland: Mbabne |
|Sweden: Stockholm |
|Switzerland: Berne |
|Syria: Damascus |
|Tajikistan: Dushanbe |
|Taiwan: Taipei |
|Tanzania: Dodoma |
|Thailand: Bangkok |
|Togoland: Lome |
|Tonga: Nuku’alofa |
|Trinidad and Tobago: Port-of-Spain |
|Tunisia: Tunis |
|Turkey: Ankara |
|Turkmenistan: Ashkhabad |
|Uganda: Kampala |
|Ukraine: Kiev |
|United Arab Emirates: Abu Dhabi |
|United Kingdom: London |
|Upper Volta: Quagadougon |
|Uruguay: Montivideo |
|U.S.A.: Washington |
|Uzbekistan: Tashkent |
|Vanuatu: Port Vile |
|Vietnam: Hanoi |
|Western Samoa: Apia |
|Yemen: San’a |
|Zaire Republi: Kinshasa |
|Zambia: Lusaka |
|Zimbabwe: Harare |
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|GEOGRAPHICAL EPITHETS |
|Bengal’s Sorrow: Damodar River |
|Blue Mountains: Nilgiri Hills |
|China’s Sorrow: Hawang-Ho |
|City Beautiful: Chandigarh |
|City of Dreaming Spires: Oxford |
|City of Golden Gate: San Francisco |
|City of Magnificent Buildings: Washington |
|City of Palaces: Calcutta |
|City of Seven Hills: Rome |
|City of Sky-scrapers: New York |
|Cockpit of Europe: Belgium |
|Dark Continent: Africa |
|Emerald Isle: Ireland |
|Eternal City: Rome |
|Forbidden City: Lhasa (Tibet) |
|Garden City: Chicago |
|Gate of Tears: Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb |
|Gateway of India: Bombay |
|Gift of the Nile: Egypt |
|Granite City: Aberdeen |
|Hermit Kingdom: Korea |
|Herring Pond: Atlantic Ocean |
|Holy Land: Palestine |
|Island Continent: Australia |
|Island of Cloves: Zanzibar |
|Isle of Pearls: Bahrain (Persian Gulf) |
|Key to the Mediterranean: Gibraltar |
|Land of Cakes: Scotland |
|Land of Golden Fleece: Australia |
|Land of Maple: Canada |
|Land of Morning Calm: Korea |
|Land of Thousand Lakes: Finland |
|Land of the Midnight Sun: Norway |
|Land of the Rising Sun: Japan |
|Land of the Thunderbolt: Bhutan |
|Land of White Elephant: Thailand |
|Loneliest Island: Tristan De Gunha (Mid-Atlantic) |
|Never Never land: Vast Prairies of N. Australia |
|Pearl of the Antilles: Cuba |
|Pearl of the Pacific: Guayaquil port of Ecuador |
|Pillars of Hercules: Straits of Gibraltar |
|Playground of Europe: Switzerland |
|Quaker City: Philadelphia |
|Queen of the Adriatic: Venice |
|Roof of the World: The Pamirs, Central Asia |
|Rose-pink City: Jaipur |
|Sorrow of China: Yellow River |
|Spice Garden of India: Kerala |
|Sugar bowl of the World: Cuba |
|Venice of the East: Alappuzha |
|Venice of the North: Stockholm |
|White man’s grave: Guinea Coast of Africa |
|Windy City: Chicago |
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TRIBES & RACES
| |
|Afridis: A war-like race of hill men on the north-west frontier of Pakistan (tribal area of Waziristan). |
|Bedouins: Nomadic tribe of Arabia, spread over the whole of Northern Africa and Western Asia. |
|Bhils: a primitive Dravidian race inhabiting Central India. |
|Boer: a name applied to South Africans of Dutch or Huguenot descent, especially to early settlers of Transvaal and the Orange Free State and their |
|descendants. |
|Bushmen: They live in the Kalahari desert. They are probably the descendants of the earliest inhabitants of Africa. They rank among the most uncivilized |
|and backward peoples in the world. Their food consists almost entirely of meat, often raw or decomposed, and in times of scarcity they will eat insects, |
|snakes etc. |
|Cossacks: Peasants of the south-eastern border land of Poland, or Ukraina are known as Cossacks. Many of them belong to Turkic people while many others are|
|of a mix descent. |
|Eskimos: Race living in the Arctic regions: Greenland, Alaska, Labradors and the extreme north-east corner of Siberia. |
|Karbis: are natives of Assam. |
|Khasis: are a tribe inhabiting the Khasi and Jaintia hills in the north-eastern hilly tracts in Meghalaya State of India. The Khasis have their own |
|distinctive language and culture. |
|Kikuyu: are a race of Bantu negroes who live in the north of Mount Kenya. They combine agriculture with pastoralism. |
|Kirghiz: of Central Asia are an example of people adopted to a grassland environment. They are pastoral nomads who move from pasture to pasture with the |
|flocks and herds of horses, camels, oxen, sheep and goats. Meat forms only a small portion of their food. The Kirghiz are fearless horsemen, and even their|
|children are expert riders. |
|Kiwis: inhabit New Zealand. |
|Lambadies: are concentrated in Karnataka State of India. |
|Lepchas: are aborigins of Sikkim and Darjeeling. They are one of the Scheduled Tribes of the Hills, recognised by the Government of India. |
|Magyars: the Hungarian race who came to Eastern Europe from south-west Asia and settled in Hungary in the 10th century. |
|Mahsud: Hill-tribe living in north-west of Pakistan. |
|Maoris: are the original inhabitants of New Zealand. The Maoris are tall, muscular, handsome people, with brown skin and black hair. They are greatly |
|skilled in stone and wood-carving. |
|Masai: of the east African Plateau are the example of pastoral people. They are tall, strong, warlike race, partly negroid in type. They treat their cattle|
|with great respect and affection and do not kill them for food or for sale as meat. |
|Moplas: A Muslim tribe of Malabar (Kerala, India). |
|Mayas: A large group of American Indians living in the highlands of Gauatemala. |
|Munda: They are mostly located in the State of Madhya Pradesh in India. |
|Nagas: Hill tribe of Nagaland (India). |
|Negritos: are the ancient tribes of Andamans. |
|Negro: A race of men distinguished by dark skin, fuzzy hair, broad and protruding lips, living in south-west and Central Africa. |
|Red Indians: Race living in U.S.A. between the rocky Mountains and the Missouri River. They are original inhabitants of America. |
|Santhals: Aboriginal natives of Orissa and Chhotanagpur. |
|Semangs: are tribal people living in Malaysia. |
|Todas: They are aboriginal tribe of the Nilgiris (India). |
|Zulus: are a race of negroid people in Natal (South Africa), having close ethnic, linguistic and cultural ties with the Swazis and the Bantus. |
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Prime Minister of India
|Name of Prime Minister |Tenure |
|Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) |15 August 1947-27 May 1964 |
|Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898-1997) |27 May 1964- 9 June 1964 (Acting) |
|Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904-1966) |9 June 1964-11 January 1966 |
|Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898-1997) |11 January 1964 - 24 January 1966 (Acting) |
|Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) |24 January 1966 -24 March 1977 |
|Morarji Desai (1896-1995) |24 March 1977- 28 July 1979 |
|Charan Singh (1902-1987) |28 July 1979- 14 January 1980 |
|Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) |14 January 1980- 31 October 1984 |
|Rajiv Gandhi (1944-1991) |31 October 1984- 1 December 1989 |
|Vishwanath Pratap Singh (b-1931) | 2 December 1989- 10 November 1990 |
|Chandra Shekhar (b-1927) |10 November 1990- 21 June 1991 |
|P.V Narasimha Rao (b-1921) |21 June 1991- 16 May 1996 |
|Atal Bihari Vajpayee (b-1926) | 16 May 1996- 01 June 1996 |
|H.D Deva Gowda (b-1933) |01 June 1996- 21 April 1997 |
|I.K Gujral (b-1933) |21 April 1997- 18 March 1998 |
|Atal Bihari Vajpayee (b-1926) |19 March 1998- 13 October 1999 |
|Atal Bihari Vajpayee (b-1926) | 13 October 1999- 22 May 2004 |
|Dr. Manmohan Singh (b-1932) |22 May 2004- till date |
List of Presidents in India
|Presidents of India |Birth/death |Tenure |
|Dr.Rajendra Prasad |1884-1963 |01/26/50 to 05/13/62 |
|Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |1888-1975 |05/13/62 to 05/13/67 |
|Zakir Hussain |1897-1969 |05/13/67 to 05/03/69 |
|Varahagiri Venkata Giri |1894-1980 |05/03/69 to 07/20/69 |
|Muhammad Hidayatullah |1905-1992 |07/20/69 to 08/24/69 |
|Varahagiri Venkata Giri |1894-1980 |08/24/69 to 08/24/74 |
|Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed |1905-1977 |08/24/74 to 02/11/77 |
|Basappa Danappa Jatti |1912-2002 |02/11/77 to 07/25/77 |
|Neelam Sanjiva Reddy |1913-1996 |07/25/77 to 07/25/82 |
|Giani Zail Singh |1916-1994 |07/25/82 to 07/25/87 |
|Ramaswamy Venkataraman (4 December 1910) |1910-2009 |07/25/87 to 07/25/92 |
|Shankar Dayal Sharma (Born on 19 August 1918) |1918-1999 |07/25/92 to 07/25/97 |
|Kocheril Raman Narayanan (Born on 27 October 1920) |1920-2005 |07/25/97 to 07/25/02 |
|A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (Born on 15 October 1931) |1931 |07/25/02 to 07/25/07 |
|Smt. Pratibha Patil |1934 |07/25/07 to 07/25/12 |
|Pranab Mukherjee |1935 |07/25/12 to ___________ |
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Vice-Presidents of India
|1. |Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |May 13, 1952 to May 12, 1962 |
|2. |Dr. Zakir Hussain |May 13, 1962 to May 12, 1967 | | | | |
|3. |Varahagiri Venkata Giri |May 13, 1967 to May 3, 1969 | | | | |
|4. |Gopal Swarup Pathak |August 31, 1969 to August 30, 1974 | | | | |
|5. |Basappa Danappa Jatti |August 31, 1974 to August 30, 1979 | | | | |
|6. |Muhammad Hidayat Ullah |August 31, 1979 to August 30, 1984 |
|7. |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |August 31, 1984 to July 27, 1987 |
|8. |Shankar Dayal Sharma |September 3, 1987 to July 24, 1992 | | | | |
|9. |Kocheril Raman Narayanan |August 21, 1992 to July 24, 1997 | | | | |
|10. |Krishan Kant |August 21, 1997 to July 27, 2002 | | | | |
|11. |Bhairon Singh Shekhawat |August 19, 2002 to - | | | | |
|12. |Shri Mohd. Hamid Ansari |11th August 2007 to till date | | | | |
Lok Speaker of India
|Lok Sabha | First meeting |Dissolution |Speaker |Tenure |
|1st t Lok Sabha |13 May, 1952 |4 April, 1957 |
|Assamese/Axomiya |13 |Assam, Arunachal Pradesh |
|Bengali |83 |West Bengal, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands |
|Bodo |1.4 |Assam |
|Dogri |2.3 |Jammu and Kashmir |
|Gujarati |46 |Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Gujarat |
|Hindi |258–422[26] |Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal |
| | |Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, the national capital |
| | |territory of Delhi, Haryana,Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya |
| | |Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand ( All over Country) |
|Kannada |38 |Karnataka |
|Kashmiri |5.5 |Jammu and Kashmir |
|Konkani |2.5–7.6[27] |Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala |
|Maithili |12–32[28] |Bihar |
|Malayalam |33 |Kerala, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Pondicherry |
|Manipuri (also Meithei) |1.5 |Manipur |
|Marathi |72 |Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Madhya Pradesh |
|Nepali |2.9 |Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam |
|Oriya |33 |Orissa |
|Punjabi |29 |Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab |
|Sanskrit |0.01 |non-regional |
|Santhali |6.5 |Santhal tribals of the Chota Nagpur Plateau (comprising the states |
| | |of Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa) |
|Sindhi |2.5 |non-regional |
|Tamil |61 |Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Pondicherry |
|Telugu |74 |Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Pondicherry |
|Urdu |52 |Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand |
National Festival of India
|S.No |Name of Indian National Festival |Importance of National Festival |
|1 |Aug 15 - Independence Da |The red-letter day in the Indian calendar when India achieved freedom from |
| | |the British rule on this day in the year 1947 |
|2 |Jan 26 Republic Day |The day when India became a truly sovereign state as the constitution of |
| | |India came into force on this day in the year 1950 |
|3 |Oct 2 - Gandhi Jayanti |The birth anniversary of Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi who was born on |
| | |this day in the year 1869. |
List of Indian Folk Dances by Indian States and Union Territories:
|Sl. No. |States |Folk Dance |
|1. |Andhra Pradesh |Thapetta Gullu |
|2. |Arunachal Pradesh |Bardo Chham |
|3. |Assam |Bihu |
|4. |Bihar |Karma/Munda |
|5. |Chhattisgarh |Panthi, Raut Nacha |
|6. |Goa |Koli, Tarangmel |
|7. |Gujarat |Dandiya, Garba, Padhar, Raas |
|8. |Haryana |Ghoomar |
|9. |Himachal Pradesh |Kinnauri Nati |
|10. |Jammu and Kashmir |Dumhal (Kashmir), Spaw (Ladakh) |
|11. |Jharkhand | |
|12. |Karnataka |Dollu Kunitha, Yakshagana |
|13. |Kerala |Padayani |
|14. |Madhya Pradesh |Charkula, Jawara, Tertali |
|15. |Maharashtra |Pavri Nach, Tamasha/Lavani, Dindi |
|16. |Manipur |Dol cholam, Thang Ta |
|17. |Meghalaya | |
|18. |Mizoram |Cheraw Dance |
|19. |Nagaland | |
|20. |Orissa |Ruk Mar Nacha (Chhau dance ), Dalkai, Goti Pua |
|21. |Punjab |Bhangra, Giddha |
|22. |Rajasthan |Chari, Kalbelia, Ghoomar, Fire Dance, Kachhi Gori |
|23. |Sikkim |Singhi Chham |
|24. |Tamil Nadu |Devarattam, Kummi, Poikal Kudirai Attam, Kamandi or Kaman Pandigai, Kolattam, Mayil Attam or |
| | |Peacock dance, Theru Koothu |
|25. |Tripura |Hojagiri |
|26. |Uttarakhand | |
|27. |Uttar Pradesh | |
|28. |West Bengal | |
|Sl. No. |Union Territories |Folk Dance |
|1. |Andaman and Nicobar Islands |Nicobarese dances |
|2. |Chandigarh | |
|3. |Dadra and Nagar Haveli | |
|4. |Daman and Diu | |
|5. |Delhi | |
|6. |Lakshadweep |Lava |
|7. |Pondicherry |Garadi |
Currency of Countries
|S.No |Country |Currency |
|1 |Afghanistan |Afghan afghani |
|2 |Albania |Albanian lek |
|3 |Algeria |Algerian dinar |
|4 |American Samoa |see United States |
|5 |Andorra |see Spain and France |
|6 |Angola |Angolan kwanza |
|7 |Anguilla |East Caribbean dollar |
|8 |Antigua and Barbuda |East Caribbean dollar |
|9 |Argentina |Argentine peso |
|10 |Armenia |Armenian dram |
|11 |Aruba |Aruban florin |
|12 |Australia |Australian dollar |
|13 |Austria |European euro |
|14 |Azerbaijan |Azerbaijani manat |
|15 |Bahamas |Bahamian dollar |
|16 |Bahrain |Bahraini dinar |
|17 |Bangladesh |Bangladeshi taka |
|18 |Barbados |Barbadian dollar |
|19 |Belarus |Belarusian ruble |
|20 |Belgium |European euro |
|21 |Belize |Belize dollar |
|22 |Benin |West African CFA franc |
|23 |Bermuda |Bermudian dollar |
|24 |Bhutan |Bhutanese ngultrum |
|25 |Bolivia |Bolivian boliviano |
|26 |Bosnia-Herzegovina |Bosnia and Herzegovina konvertibilna marka |
|27 |Botswana |Botswana pula |
|28 |Brazil |Brazilian real |
|29 |British Indian Ocean Territory |see United Kingdom |
|30 |Brunei |Brunei dollar |
|31 |Bulgaria |Bulgarian lev |
|32 |Burkina Faso |West African CFA franc |
|33 |Burma |see Myanmar |
|34 |Burundi |Burundi franc |
|35 |Cambodia |Cambodian riel |
|36 |Cameroon |Central African CFA franc |
|37 |Canada |Canadian dollar |
|38 |Canton and Enderbury Islands |see Kiribati |
|39 |Cape Verde |Cape Verdean escudo |
|40 |Cayman Islands |Cayman Islands dollar |
|41 |Central African Republic |Central African CFA franc |
|42 |Chad |Central African CFA franc |
|43 |Chile |Chilean peso |
|44 |China |Chinese renminbi |
|45 |Christmas Island |see Australia |
|46 |Cocos (Keeling) Islands |see Australia |
|47 |Colombia |Colombian peso |
|48 |Comoros |Comorian franc |
|49 |Congo |Central African CFA franc |
|50 |Congo, Democratic Republic |Congolese franc |
|51 |Cook Islands |see New Zealand |
|52 |Costa Rica |Costa Rican colon |
|53 |Côte d'Ivoire |West African CFA franc |
|54 |Croatia |Croatian kuna |
|55 |Cuba |Cuban peso |
|56 |Cyprus |European euro |
|57 |Czech Republic |Czech koruna |
|58 |Denmark |Danish krone |
|59 |Djibouti |Djiboutian franc |
|60 |Dominica |East Caribbean dollar |
|61 |Dominican Republic |Dominican peso |
|62 |Dronning Maud Land |see Norway |
|63 |East Timor |see Timor-Leste |
|64 |Ecuador |uses the U.S. Dollar |
|65 |Egypt |Egyptian pound |
|66 |El Salvador |uses the U.S. Dollar |
|67 |Equatorial Guinea |Central African CFA franc |
|68 |Eritrea |Eritrean nakfa |
|69 |Estonia |Estonian kroon |
|70 |Ethiopia |Ethiopian birr |
|71 |Faeroe Islands (Føroyar) |see Denmark |
|72 |Falkland Islands |Falkland Islands pound |
|73 |Fiji |Fijian dollar |
|74 |Finland |European euro |
|75 |France |European euro |
|76 |French Guiana |see France |
|77 |French Polynesia |CFP franc |
|78 |Gabon |Central African CFA franc |
|79 |Gambia |Gambian dalasi |
|80 |Georgia |Georgian lari |
|81 |Germany |European euro |
|82 |Ghana |Ghanaian cedi |
|83 |Gibraltar |Gibraltar pound |
|84 |Great Britain |see United Kingdom |
|85 |Greece |European euro |
|86 |Greenland |see Denmark |
|87 |Grenada |East Caribbean dollar |
|88 |Guadeloupe |see France |
|89 |Guam |see United States |
|90 |Guatemala |Guatemalan quetzal |
|91 |Guernsey |see United Kingdom |
|92 |Guinea-Bissau |West African CFA franc |
|93 |Guinea |Guinean franc |
|94 |Guyana |Guyanese dollar |
|95 |Haiti |Haitian gourde |
|96 |Heard and McDonald Islands |see Australia |
|97 |Honduras |Honduran lempira |
|98 |Hong Kong |Hong Kong dollar |
|99 |Hungary |Hungarian forint |
|100 |Iceland |Icelandic króna |
|101 |India |Indian rupee |
|102 |Indonesia |Indonesian rupiah |
|103 |International Monetary Fund |Special Drawing Rights |
|104 |Iran |Iranian rial |
|105 |Iraq |Iraqi dinar |
|106 |Ireland |European euro |
|107 |Isle of Man |see United Kingdom |
|108 |Israel |Israeli new sheqel |
|109 |Italy |European euro |
|110 |Ivory Coast |see Côte d'Ivoire |
|111 |Jamaica |Jamaican dollar |
|112 |Japan |Japanese yen |
|113 |Jersey |see United Kingdom |
|114 |Johnston Island |see United States |
|115 |Jordan |Jordanian dinar |
|116 |Kampuchea |see Cambodia |
|117 |Kazakhstan |Kazakhstani tenge |
|118 |Kenya |Kenyan shilling |
|119 |Kiribati |see Australia |
|120 |Korea, North |North Korean won |
|121 |Korea, South |South Korean won |
|122 |Kuwait |Kuwaiti dinar |
|123 |Kyrgyzstan |Kyrgyzstani som |
|124 |Laos |Lao kip |
|125 |Latvia |Latvian lats |
|126 |Lebanon |Lebanese lira |
|127 |Lesotho |Lesotho loti |
|128 |Liberia |Liberian dollar |
|129 |Libya |Libyan dinar |
|130 |Liechtenstein |uses the Swiss Franc |
|131 |Lithuania |Lithuanian litas |
|132 |Luxembourg |European euro |
|133 |Macau |Macanese pataca |
|134 |Macedonia (Former Yug. Rep.) |Macedonian denar |
|135 |Madagascar |Malagasy ariary |
|136 |Malawi |Malawian kwacha |
|137 |Malaysia |Malaysian ringgit |
|138 |Maldives |Maldivian rufiyaa |
|139 |Mali |West African CFA franc |
|140 |Malta |European Euro |
|141 |Martinique |see France |
|142 |Mauritania |Mauritanian ouguiya |
|143 |Mauritius |Mauritian rupee |
|144 |Mayotte |see France |
|145 |Micronesia |see United States |
|146 |Midway Islands |see United States |
|147 |Mexico |Mexican peso |
|148 |Moldova |Moldovan leu |
|149 |Monaco |see France |
|150 |Mongolia |Mongolian tugrik |
|151 |Montenegro |see Italy |
|152 |Montserrat |East Caribbean dollar |
|153 |Morocco |Moroccan dirham |
|154 |Mozambique |Mozambican metical |
|155 |Myanmar |Myanma kyat |
|156 |Nauru |see Australia |
|157 |Namibia |Namibian dollar |
|158 |Nepal |Nepalese rupee |
|159 |Netherlands Antilles |Netherlands Antillean gulden |
|160 |Netherlands |European euro |
|161 |New Caledonia |CFP franc |
|162 |New Zealand |New Zealand dollar |
|163 |Nicaragua |Nicaraguan córdoba |
|164 |Niger |West African CFA franc |
|165 |Nigeria |Nigerian naira |
|166 |Niue |see New Zealand |
|167 |Norfolk Island |see Australia |
|168 |Northern Mariana Islands |see United States |
|169 |Norway |Norwegian krone |
|170 |Oman |Omani rial |
|171 |Pakistan |Pakistani rupee |
|172 |Palau |see United States |
|173 |Panama |Panamanian balboa |
|174 |Papua New Guinea |Papua New Guinean kina |
|175 |Paraguay |Paraguayan guarani |
|176 |Peru |Peruvian nuevo sol |
|177 |Philippines |Philippine peso |
|178 |Pitcairn Island |see New Zealand |
|179 |Poland |Polish zloty |
|180 |Portugal |European euro |
|181 |Puerto Rico |see United States |
|182 |Qatar |Qatari riyal |
|183 |Reunion |see France |
|184 |Romania |Romanian leu |
|185 |Russia |Russian ruble |
|186 |Rwanda |Rwandan franc |
|187 |Samoa (Western) |see Western Samoa |
|188 |Samoa (America) |see United States |
|189 |San Marino |see Italy |
|190 |São Tomé and Príncipe |São Tomé and Príncipe dobra |
|191 |Saudi Arabia |Saudi riyal |
|192 |Sénégal |West African CFA franc |
|193 |Serbia |Serbian dinar |
|194 |Seychelles |Seychellois rupee |
|195 |Sierra Leone |Sierra Leonean leone |
|196 |Singapore |Singapore dollar |
|197 |Slovakia |European euro |
|198 |Slovenia |European euro |
|199 |Solomon Islands |Solomon Islands dollar |
|200 |Somalia |Somali shilling |
|201 |South Africa |South African rand |
|202 |Spain |European euro |
|203 |Sri Lanka |Sri Lankan rupee |
|204 |St. Helena |Saint Helena pound |
|205 |St. Kitts and Nevis |East Caribbean dollar |
|206 |St. Lucia |East Caribbean dollar |
|207 |St. Vincent and the Grenadines |East Caribbean dollar |
|208 |Sudan |Sudanese pound |
|209 |Suriname |Surinamese dollar |
|210 |Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands |see Norway |
|211 |Swaziland |Swazi lilangeni |
|212 |Sweden |Swedish krona |
|213 |Switzerland |Swiss franc |
|214 |Syria |Syrian pound |
|215 |Tahiti |see French Polynesia |
|216 |Taiwan |New Taiwan dollar |
|217 |Tajikistan |Tajikistani somoni |
|218 |Tanzania |Tanzanian shilling |
|219 |Thailand |Thai baht |
|220 |Timor-Leste |uses the U.S. Dollar |
|221 |Togo |West African CFA franc |
|222 |Trinidad and Tobago |Trinidad and Tobago dollar |
|223 |Tunisia |Tunisian dinar |
|224 |Turkey |Turkish new lira |
|225 |Turkmenistan |Turkmen manat |
|226 |Turks and Caicos Islands |see United States |
|227 |Tuvalu |see Australia |
|228 |Uganda |Ugandan shilling |
|229 |Ukraine |Ukrainian hryvnia |
|230 |United Arab Emirates |UAE dirham |
|231 |United Kingdom |British pound |
|232 |United States of America |United States dollar |
|233 |Upper Volta |see Burkina Faso |
|234 |Uruguay |Uruguayan peso |
|235 |Uzbekistan |Uzbekistani som |
|236 |Vanuatu |Vanuatu vatu |
|237 |Vatican |see Italy |
|238 |Venezuela |Venezuelan bolivar |
|239 |Vietnam |Vietnamese dong |
|240 |Virgin Islands |see United States |
|241 |Wake Island |see United States |
|242 |Wallis and Futuna Islands |CFP franc |
|243 |Western Sahara |see Spain, Mauritania and Morocco |
|244 |Western Samoa |Samoan tala |
|245 |Yemen |Yemeni rial |
|246 |Zaïre |see Congo, Democratic Republic |
|247 |Zambia |Zambian kwacha |
|248 |Zimbabwe |Zimbabwean dollar |
Chief Justice of India
|Number |Name |Period of office |
|1 |H. J. Kania |26-Jan-50 |November 6, 1951‡ |
|2 |M. Patanjali Sastri |7-Nov-51 |3-Jan-54 |
|3 |Mehr Chand Mahajan |4-Jan-54 |22-Dec-54 |
|4 |B. K. Mukherjee |23-Dec-54 |January 31, 1956‡‡ |
|5 |Sudhi Ranjan Das |1-Feb-56 |30-Sep-59 |
|6 |Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha |1-Oct-59 |31-Jan-64 |
|7 |P. B. Gajendragadkar |1-Feb-64 |15-Mar-66 |
|8 |Amal Kumar Sarkar |16-Mar-66 |29-Jun-66 |
|9 |Koka Subba Rao |30-Jun-66 |April 11, 1967‡‡ |
|10 |Kailas Nath Wanchoo |12-Apr-67 |24-Feb-68 |
|11 |Mohammad Hidayatullah |25-Feb-68 |16-Dec-70 |
|12 |Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah |17-Dec-70 |21-Jan-71 |
|13 |Sarv Mittra Sikri |22-Jan-71 |25-Apr-73 |
|14 |Ajit Nath Ray |26-Apr-73 |27-Jan-77 |
|15 |Mirza Hameedullah Beg |28-Jan-77 |21-Feb-78 |
|16 |Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud |22-Feb-78 |11-Jul-85 |
|17 |P. N. Bhagwati |12-Jul-85 |20-Dec-86 |
|18 |R. S. Pathak |21-Dec-86 |June 18, 1989‡‡ |
|19 |E. S. Venkataramiah |19-Jun-89 |17-Dec-89 |
|20 |Sabyasachi Mukherjee |18-Dec-89 |September 25, 1990‡ |
|21 |Ranganath Misra |26-Sep-90 |24-Nov-91 |
|22 |Kamal Narain Singh |25-Nov-91 |12-Dec-91 |
|23 |M. H. Kania |13-Dec-91 |17-Nov-92 |
|24 |Lalit Mohan Sharma |18-Nov-92 |11-Feb-93 |
|25 |M. N. Venkatachaliah |12-Feb-93 |24-Oct-94 |
|26 |Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi |25-Oct-94 |24-Mar-97 |
|27 |Jagdish Sharan Verma |25-Mar-97 |17-Jan-98 |
|28 |Madan Mohan Punchhi |18-Jan-98 |9-Oct-98 |
|29 |Adarsh Sein Anand |10-Oct-98 |11-Jan-01 |
| | | | |
|30 |Sam Piroj Bharucha |11-Jan-01 |6-May-02 |
|31 |Bhupinder Nath Kirpal |6-May-02 |8-Nov-02 |
|32 |Gopal Ballav Pattanaik |8-Nov-02 |19-Dec-02 |
|33 |V. N. Khare |19-Dec-02 |2-May-04 |
|34 |S. Rajendra Babu |2-May-04 |1-Jun-04 |
|35 |Ramesh Chandra Lahoti |1-Jun-04 |1-Nov-05 |
|36 |Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal |1-Nov-05 |13-Jan-07 |
|37 |K. G. Balakrishnan |13-Jan-07 |11-May-10 |
|38 |S. H. Kapadia |12-May-10 |28-Sep-12 |
|39 |Altamas Kabir |29-Sep-12 |Incumbent |
|40 | | | |
|41 | | | |
|42 | | | |
|43 | | | |
|44 | | | |
|45 | | | |
|46 | | | |
|47 | | | |
|48 | | | |
|49 | | | |
|50 | | | |
|51 | | | |
|52 | | | |
FIVE YEAR PLANS IN INDIA
|First Five Year Plan (1951-1956 | Target Growth:2.1% |Actual Growth:3.6%. |
|Second Five Year Plan (1956–1961). |Target Growth: 4.5% |Actual Growth: 4.27%. |
|Third Five Year Plan (1961–1966) |Target Growth:5.6% |Actual Growth: 2.84%. |
|Three One Year Plans (1967-1969) | Realization 3.9% | |
|Fourth Five Year Plan (1969–1974. |Target Growth: 5.7% |Actual Growth: 3.20%. |
|Fifth Five Year Plan (1974–1979) |Target Growth: 4.4% |Actual Growth: 4.7% |
| Sixth Five Year Plan (1980–1985) |Target Growth: 5.2% |Actual Growth: 4.7% |
|Seventh Five Year Plan (1985–1990) |Target Growth 5.0% |Actual Growth 6.0% |
|Eighth Five Year Plan (1992–1997) |Target Growth:5.6% |Actual Growth: 4.7% |
| Ninth Five Year Plan (1997–2002) |Target Growth:6.5% |Actual Growth: 4.7% |
|Tenth Five Year Plan (2002–2007) |Target Growth:8.0% |Actual Growth: 4.7% |
|Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007–2012) |Target Growth 8.7% | |
|Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017) |Plans to fix a average target of | |
| |9%. | |
| | | |
| | | |
|Twenty Twenty World Cup |
|Year & |Final Venue |Final |
|Host Nation(s) | |Winner |Result |Runner Up |
|2007 South Africa |Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg | India 157/5 |India won by 5 runs | Pakistan 152 |
| | | | | |
|2009 England |Lord's, London | Pakistan 139/2 |Pakistan won by 8 wickets | Sri Lanka 138/6 |
| | | | | |
|2010 West Indies |Kensington oval, Barbados | England 148/3 |England won by 7 wickets | Australia 147/6 |
|2012 Sri Lanka |R Premadasa Stadium, Colombo | West Indies 137/6 |West Indies won by 36 runs | Sri Lanka 101 |
|2014 Bangladesh | | | | |
| | | | | |
|2016 India | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Women
|Year |Host Nation(s) |Final Venue |Final |
| | | |Winner |Result |Runner Up |
|2009 | |Lord's, London | England |England won by 6 wickets | New Zealand |
| |England | |86/4 (17 overs) | |85 (10) |
|2010 | |Kensington Oval, Barbados | Australia |Australia won by 3 runs | New Zealand |
| |West Indies | |106/8 (20 overs) | |103/6 (20 overs) |
|2012 | |Stadium, Colombo | Australia |Australia won by 4 runs | England |
| |Sri Lanka | |142/4 (20 overs) |Scorecard |138/9 (20 ove |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
List of Indian cities on rivers
|City |River |State |
|Chandauli |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Jajmau |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Naubasta |Pandu |Uttar Pradesh |
|Nawabganj |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Bithoor |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Ujjain |Kshipra |Madhya Pradesh |
|Kolhapur |Panchganga |Maharashtra |
|Rajkot |Aji |Gujarat |
|Vadodara |Vishwamitri |Gujarat |
|Agra |Yamuna |Uttar Pradesh |
|Mathura |Yamuna |Uttar Pradesh |
|New Delhi |Yamuna |Delhi |
|Auraiya |Yamuna |Uttar Pradesh |
|Etawah |Yamuna |Uttar Pradesh |
|Jabalpur |Narmada |Madhya Pradesh |
|Hyderabad |Moosi |Andhra Pradesh |
|Vijayawada |Krishna |Andhra Pradesh |
|Bangalore |Vrishabhavathi |Karnataka |
|Farrukhabad |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Fatehgarh |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Kannauj |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Mangalore |Netravati, Gurupura |Karnataka |
|Shimoga |Tunga River |Karnataka |
|Bhadravathi |Bhadra |Karnataka |
|Hospet |Tungabhadra |Karnataka |
|Karwar |Kali |Karnataka |
|Bagalkot |Ghataprabha |Karnataka |
|Honnavar |Sharavathi |Karnataka |
|Gwalior |Chambal |Madhya Pradesh |
|Gorakhpur |Rapti |Uttar Pradesh |
|Lucknow |Gomti |Uttar Pradesh |
|Kanpur |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Kanpur Cantonment |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Shuklaganj |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Chakeri |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Kolkata |Hooghly |West Bengal |
|Varanasi |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Allahabad |Ganges |Uttar Pradesh |
|Ahmedabad |Sabarmati |Gujarat |
|Patna |Ganges |Bihar |
|Malegaon |Girna River |Maharashtra |
|Guwahati |Brahmaputra |Assam |
|Cuttack |Mahanadi |Orissa |
|Sambalpur |Mahanadi |Orissa |
|Rourkela |Brahmani |Orissa |
|Haridwar |Ganges |Uttarkhand |
|Pune |Mula, Mutha |Maharashtra |
|Daman |Daman Ganga River |Daman |
|Madurai |Vaigai |Tamil Nadu |
|Thiruchirapalli |Cauvery |Tamil Nadu |
|Chennai |Cooum, Adyar |Tamil Nadu |
|Coimbatore |Noyyal |Tamil Nadu |
|Erode |Cauvery |Tamil Nadu |
|Tirunelveli |Thamirabarani |Tamil Nadu |
|Surat |Tapti |Gujrat |
|Bharuch |Narmada |Gujarat |
|Kota |Chambal |Rajasthan |
|Karjat |Ulhas |Maharashtra |
|Nashik |Godavari |Maharashtra |
|Mahad |Savitri |Maharashtra |
|Rajahmundry |Godavari |Andhra Pradesh |
|Nanded |Godavari |Maharashtra |
|Nellore |Pennar |Andhra Pradesh |
|Sangli |Krishna |Maharashtra |
|Karad |Krishna,Koyna |Maharashtra |
Famous Countries and their Parliaments
| Country Name |Parliament Name |
|Afghanistan |Shora |
|Australia |Parliament |
|Bangladesh |Jatia Parliament |
|Bhutan |Tasongadu |
|Canada |Parliament |
|China |National People Congress |
|Denmark |Folketing |
|Egypt |People's Assembly |
|France |Parlement |
|Germany |Bundestag |
|Great Britain |Parliament |
|Hungary |Országgyűlés |
|Iceland |Althing |
|India |Sansad |
|Iran |Majilis |
|Ireland |Oireachtas |
|Israel |The Knesset |
|Italy |Parlamento Italiano |
|Japan |Diet |
|Kuwait |Majlis-al-Umma |
|Lativa |Saeima |
|Malaysia |Majilis |
|Maldives |Majilis |
|Magnolia |Khural |
|Nepal |Rashtriya Panchayat |
|Netherlands |States General (Staten-Generaal) |
|Norway |Storting |
|Oman |Majlis |
|Pakistan |Majlis-e-Shoora |
|Poland |Scym |
|Russia |Duma |
|Spain |Crotes |
|Sweden |Riksdag |
|South Africa |Parliament |
|Switzerland |Federal Assembly |
|Taiwan |Yuan |
|Turkey |Grand National Assembly |
|USA |Congress |
|Uzbekistan |Oliy Majlis |
The Wonders of the World
|The New Seven Wonders of the World - Announced in 2007 |
|The Great Wall, China |Petra, Jordan |
|Christ Redeemer, Brazil |Machu Picchu, Peru |
|Chichén Itzá, Mexico |The Roman Colosseum, Italy |
|The Taj Mahal, India | |
|The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World |
|The Great Pyramid of Giza |The Hanging Gardens of Babylon |
|The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus |The Statue of Zeus at Olympia |
|The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus |The Colossus of Rhodes |
|The Pharos of Alexandria | |
Famous International Airports of India
|1. Airport Name: Guru Radmdass International Airport City: Amritsar State: Punjab |
|2. Airport Name: Indira Gandhi International Airport New Delhi |
|3. Lokpriya Gopinath Bordolio International Airport City Guwahati State Assam |
|4. Airport Name: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport City: Ahmedabad State: Gujarat |
|5. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport City Kolkata State West Bengal |
|6. Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport City Mumbai State Maharashtra |
|7. Airport Name: Hyderabad Airport City: Hyderabad State: Andhra Pradesh |
|8. Airport Name: Goa Airport City: Vasco da Gama State: Goa |
|9. Airport Name: Chennai International Airport City Chennai State TamilNadu |
|10.Airport Name: Bangalore International Airport City: Bangalore State: Karnataka |
|11.Airport Name Cochin International Airport City: Cochin State: Kerala |
|12.Airport Name Trivandrum International Airport City: Thiruvananathapuram State: Kerala |
| |
LIST OF RECIPIENTS OF BHARAT RATNA
|S. No. |NAME |AWARDED IN |
|1. |Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) |1954 |
|2. |Dr. Sarvapali Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) |1954 |
|3. |Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (1888-1970) |1954 |
|4. |Dr. Bhagwan Das (1869-1958) |1955 |
|5. |Dr. Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (1861-1962) |1955 |
|6. |Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (1889 -1964) |1955 |
|7. |Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant (1887-1961) |1957 |
|8. |Dr. Dhondo Keshave Karve (1858-1962) |1958 |
|9. |Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882-1962) |1961 |
|10. |Shri Purushottam Das Tandon (1882-1962) |1961 |
|11. |Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963) |1962 |
|12. |Dr. Zakir Hussain (1897-1969) |1963 |
|13. |Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880-1972) |1963 |
|14. |Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri (Posthumous) (1904-1966) |1966 |
|15. |Smt. Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) |1971 |
|16. |Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1894-1980) |1975 |
|17. |Shri Kumaraswami Kamraj (Posthumous) (1903-1975) |1976 |
|18. |Mother Mary Taresa Bojaxhiu (Mother Teresa) (1910-1997) |1980 |
|19. |Shri Acharya Vinobha Bhave (Posthumous) (1895-1982) |1983 |
|20. |Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988) |1987 |
|21. |Shri Marudu Gopalan Ramachandran (Posthumous) (1917-1987) |1988 |
|22. |Dr. Bhim Rao Ramji Ambedkar (Posthumous) (1891-1956) |1990 |
|23. |Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (b-1918) |1990 |
|24. |Shri Rajiv Gandhi (Posthumous) (1944-1991) |1991 |
|25. |Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Posthumous) (1875-1950) |1991 |
|26. |Shri Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (1896-1995) |1991 |
|27. |Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (Posthumous) (1888-1958) |1992 |
|28. |Shri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata (1904-1993) |1992 |
|29. |Shri Satyajit Ray (1922-1992) |1992 |
|30. |Shri Gulzarilal Nanda (1898-1998) |1997 |
|31. |Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali (Posthumous) (1909-1996) |1997 |
|32. |Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (b-1931) |1997 |
|33. |Smt. Madurai Sanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (1916-2005) |1998 |
|34. |Shri Chidambaram Subramniam (1910-2000) |1998 |
|35. |Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan (Posthumous) (1902-1979) |1999 |
|36. |Professor Amartya Sen (b-1933) |1999 |
|37. |Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (Posthumous) |1999 |
|38. |Pandit Ravi Shankar (b-1920) |1999 |
|39. |Sushri Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar (b-1929) |2001 |
|40. |Ustad Bismillah Khan (1916-2006) |2001 |
|41. |Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi (1922-2011) |2009 |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
:
|Nobel Prize Winner of India |
|S.No |Name |Subject |Year |
| |Rabindranath Tagore |Literature |1913 |
| |C. V. Raman |Physics |1930 |
| |Dr.Har Gobind Khurana |Medicine |1968 |
| |Mother Teresa |Peace |1979 |
| |Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar |Physics |1983 |
| |Amartya Sen |Economics |1998 |
| |Venkatraman Ramakrishnan |Chemistry |2009 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
National Political Parties
|Party |Abbreviation |General Secretary / President |
|Nationalist Congress Party |NCP |Sharad Pawar |
|Indian National Congress |INC |Sonia Gandhi |
|Bharatiya Janata Party |BJP |Nitin Gadkari |
|Communist Party of India |CPI |Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy |
|Communist Party of India (Marxist) |CPI(M) |Prakash Karat |
Political Parties of States
|State |Party name |
|Andhra Pradesh |Lok Satta Party , |
| |Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen |
| |Telangana Rashtra Samithi |
| |Telugu Desam Party |
| |Arun Khitoliya National Party |
|Assam |All India United Democratic Front |
| |Asom Gana Parishad |
| |Bodoland People's Front |
|Bihar |Janata Dal (United),Rashtriya Janata Dal |
|Goa |ZGE |
| |Save Goa Front |
|Haryana |Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |
| |Indian National Lok Dal |
|Jammu & Kashmir |Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |
| |Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party |
| |Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party |
|Jharkhand |AJSU Party |
| |Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |
| |Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |
| |Rashtriya Janata Dal |
|Karnataka |Janata Dal (Secular) |
| |Karnataka Janata Party |
| |BSR Congress |
| |Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha |
| |Kannada Nadu |
|Kerala |Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| |Janata Dal (Secular) |
| |Kerala Congress |
| |IUML |
|Maharashtra |Maharashtra Navnirman Sena, Shiv Sena |
|Manipur |Manipur People’s Party |
| |National People’s Party |
| |Rashtriya Janata Dal |
| |All India Trinamool Congress |
|Meghalaya |United Democratic Party |
|Mizoram |Mizo National Front |
| |Mizoram People’s Conference |
| |Zoram Nationalist Party |
|Nagaland |Nagaland Peoples Front |
|Orissa |Biju Janata Dal |
|Pondicherry |All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| |All India N.R. Congress |
| |Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| |Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |
|Punjab |Shiromani Akali Dal ,People's Party of Punjab |
|Sikkim |Sikkim Democratic Front |
|Tamil Nadu |All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| |Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| |Moovendar makkal katchi |
| |Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi |
| |Pattali Makkal Katchi |
| |Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |
|Uttar Pradesh |Rashtriya Lok Dal ,Peace Party,Samajwadi Party,BSP |
|Uttarakhand |Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |
|West Bengal |All India Forward Bloc |
| |All India Trinamool Congress |
| |Revolutionary Socialist Party |
Important Abbreviation (India)
|Sr. No. |
|Abbreviation |
|Stands For |
| |
|1 |
|AAFI |
|Amateur Athletics Federation of India |
| |
|2 |
|AAPSO |
|Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Organisation |
| |
|3 |
|AASU |
|All Assam Students Union |
| |
|4 |
|ABM |
|Anti Ballistic Missile |
| |
|5 |
|AC |
|Alternate Current OR Air Conditioner |
| |
|6 |
|ACC |
|Ancillary Cadet Core |
| |
|7 |
|AD |
|Ano Domini (After the birth of Jesus) |
| |
|8 |
|ADB |
|Asian Development Bank. |
| |
|9 |
|AERE |
|Atomic Energy Research Establishment |
| |
|10 |
|AGOC |
|Asian Games Organisation Committee |
| |
|11 |
|AICC |
|All India Congress Committee |
| |
|12 |
|AICTE |
|All India Council of Technical Education |
| |
|13 |
|AIDS |
|Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome |
| |
|14 |
|AIFE |
|All India Football Federation |
| |
|15 |
|AIIMS |
|All India Institute of Medical Sciences |
| |
|16 |
|AIL |
|Aeronautics India Limited |
| |
|17 |
|AIMPLB |
|All India Muslim Personal Law Board |
| |
|18 |
|AIR |
|All India Radio (Broadcasting) |
| |
|19 |
|AITUE |
|All India Trade Union Congress |
| |
|20 |
|AM |
|Anti Meridian (Before Noon) |
| |
|21 |
|ANC |
|African National Congress |
| |
|22 |
|APEC |
|Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation |
| |
|23 |
|APSC |
|Army Postal Services Core |
| |
|24 |
|ASEAN |
|Association of South East Asian Nations |
| |
|25 |
|ASLV |
|Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle |
| |
|26 |
|ASI |
|Archaeological Survey of India |
| |
|27 |
|ASSOCHAM |
|Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry (India) |
| |
|28 |
|ASWAC |
|Airborne Surveillance Warning and Control |
| |
|29 |
|ATS |
|Anti Tetanus Serum |
| |
|30 |
|BAMS |
|Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery |
| |
|31 |
|BARC |
|Bhabha Atomic Research Centre |
| |
|32 |
|BBC |
|British Broadcasting Corporation |
| |
|33 |
|BC |
|Before Christ (Before the birth of Jesus) |
| |
|34 |
|BCG |
|Bacillus Calmette Guerin (Anti TB Vaccine) |
| |
|35 |
|BCCI |
|Board of Control for Cricket in India |
| |
|36 |
|BEL |
|Bharat Electronics Limited |
| |
|37 |
|BENELUX |
|Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg |
| |
|38 |
|BHEL |
|Bharat Heavy Electronics Limited |
| |
|39 |
|BIFR |
|Board of Industrial Finance and Reconstruction (Formerly Industrial Reconstruction Finance Board) |
| |
|40 |
|BIMSTEC |
|Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation |
| |
|41 |
|BIS |
|Bureau of Indian Standards |
| |
|42 |
|B Pharma |
|Bachelor of Pharmacy |
| |
|43 |
|BSF |
|Border Security Force |
| |
|44 |
|CAD |
|Command Area Development |
| |
|45 |
|CAG |
|Comptroller and Auditor General |
| |
|46 |
|CARE |
|Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere |
| |
|47 |
|CASE |
|Commission for Alternative Sources of Energy |
| |
|48 |
|CBI |
|Central Bureau of Investigation |
| |
|49 |
|CBSE |
|Central. Board of Secondary Education |
| |
|50 |
|CCEA |
|Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs |
| |
|51 |
|CCS |
|Cabinet Committee on Security |
| |
|52 |
|C-DAC |
|Centre For Development of Advance Computing |
| |
|53 |
|CDMA |
|Code Division Multiple Access |
| |
|54 |
|CDRI |
|Central Drug Research Institute |
| |
|55 |
|CHOGM |
|Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting |
| |
|56 |
|CID |
|Criminal Investigation Department |
| |
|57 |
|CIS |
|Commonwealth of Independent States |
| |
|58 |
|CISF |
|Central Industrial Security Force |
| |
|59 |
|CITU |
|Centre of Indian Trade Unions |
| |
|60 |
|CLAT |
|Common Law Admission Test (Started May 2008) |
| |
|61 |
|CNG |
|Compressed Natural Gas |
| |
|62 |
|COD |
|Central Ordnance Depot |
| |
|63 |
|COFEPOSA |
|Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act |
| |
|64 |
|CPO |
|Central Passport Organisation |
| |
|65 |
|CPRI |
|Central Power Research Institute |
| |
|66 |
|CRPF |
|Central Reserve Police Force |
| |
|67 |
|CRR |
|Cash Reserve Ratio |
| |
|68 |
|CSIR |
|Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |
| |
|69 |
|CSO |
|Central Statistical Organisation |
| |
|70 |
|CTS |
|Computerised Tomography Scanner |
| |
|71 |
|CVC |
|Central Vigilance Commission |
| |
|72 |
|DDT |
|Dichloro Diphenyle Tri-chloroethane |
| |
|73 |
|DFDR |
|‘Digital Flight Data Recorder (Black box)’ |
| |
|74 |
|DIG |
|Deputy Inspector General |
| |
|75 |
|D. Lit. |
|Doctor of Literature |
| |
|76 |
|DM |
|District Magistrate |
| |
|77 |
|DMK |
|Dravida Munetra Kazhagam |
| |
|78 |
|DNA |
|Di-oxyribo-Nucleic Acid |
| |
|79 |
|DPAP |
|‘Drought Prone Area Programme |
| |
|80 |
|DPC |
|Dabhol Power Company |
| |
|82 |
|DRDO |
|Defence Research and Development Organisation |
| |
|83 |
|DTH |
|Direct to Home |
| |
|84 |
|DVD |
|Digital Versatile Disk |
| |
|85 |
|EAS |
|Employment Assurance Scheme |
| |
|86 |
|ECD |
|European Central Bank |
| |
|87 |
|ECG |
|Electro Cardiogram |
| |
|88 |
|EEC |
|European Economic Community |
| |
|89 |
|EEG |
|Electro Encephalogram |
| |
|90 |
|ELISA |
|Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay |
| |
|91 |
|EMF |
|Electromotive Force |
| |
|92 |
|EPABX |
|Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange |
| |
|93 |
|EPZ |
|Export Processing Zone |
| |
|94 |
|ERDA |
|Energy Research and Development Administration |
| |
|95 |
|ESMA |
|Essential Services Maintenance Act |
| |
|96 |
|EVM |
|Electronic Voting Machine |
| |
|97 |
|EXIM Bank |
|Export-Import Bank of India |
| |
|98 |
|FAO |
|Food and Agriculture Organisation |
| |
|99 |
|FBI |
|Federal Bureau of Investigation (USA) |
| |
|100 |
|FBTR |
|Fast Breeder Test Reactor |
| |
|101 |
|FCI |
|Food Corporation of India / Fertilizer Corporation of India |
| |
|102 |
|FDR |
|Flight Data Recorder (Black Box) |
| |
|103 |
|FERA |
|Foreign Exchange Regulation Act |
| |
|104 |
|FEMA |
|Foreign Exchange Management Act |
| |
|105 |
|FICCI |
|Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry |
| |
|106 |
|FIPB |
|Foreign Investment Promotion Board |
| |
|107 |
|FIR |
|First Information Report |
| |
|108 |
|FRS |
|Fellow of the Royal Society |
| |
|109 |
|FTII |
|Films and Television Institute of India |
| |
|110 |
|FTZ |
|Free Trade Zone |
| |
|111 |
|GAIL |
|Gas Authority of India Limited |
| |
|112 |
|GATT |
|General Agreement on Tariff and Trade |
| |
|113 |
|GIC |
|General Insurance Corporation |
| |
|114 |
|GMT |
|Greenwich Mean Time |
| |
|115 |
|GNLF |
|Gorkha National Liberation Front |
| |
|116 |
|GNP |
|Gross National Product |
| |
|117 |
|GPF |
|General Provident Fund |
| |
|118 |
|GPO |
|General Post Office |
| |
|119 |
|GPS |
|Global Positioning System |
| |
|120 |
|GSI |
|Geological Survey of India |
| |
|121 |
|HAC |
|Hindustan Aluminium Corporation |
| |
|122 |
|HAL |
|Hindustan Aeronautics Limited |
| |
|123 |
|HCF |
|Highest Common Factor |
| |
|124 |
|HDFC |
|Housing Development Finance Corporation |
| |
|125 |
|HIV |
|Human Immuno-deficiency Virus |
| |
|126 |
|HMT |
|Hindustan Machine Tools |
| |
|127 |
|HUDCO |
|Housing and Urban Development Corporation |
| |
|128 |
|HYVS |
|High Yield Variety Seeds |
| |
|129 |
|IAAI |
|International Airport Authority of India |
| |
|130 |
|lAC |
|Indian Airlines Corporation |
| |
|131 |
|IAEA |
|International Atomic Energy Agency |
| |
|132 |
|IARI |
|Indian Agricultural Research Institute |
| |
|133 |
|IBRD |
|International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) |
| |
|134 |
|ICAR |
|Indian Council of Agricultural Research |
| |
|135 |
|ICBM |
|Inter Continental Ballistic Missile |
| |
|136 |
|ICC |
|International Cricket Council |
| |
|137 |
|ICFTU |
|International Confederation of Free Trade Unions |
| |
|138 |
|ICICI |
|Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited |
| |
|139 |
|ICJ |
|International Court of Justice |
| |
|140 |
|ICMR |
|Indian Council of Medical Research |
| |
|141 |
|ICSI |
|Indian Company Secretaries Institute |
| |
|142 |
|IDA |
|International Development Agency |
| |
|143 |
|IDBI |
|Industrial Development Bank of India |
| |
|144 |
|IDO |
|International Defence Organisation |
| |
|145 |
|IDPL |
|Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited |
| |
|146 |
|IFA |
|Indian Football Association |
| |
|147 |
|IFCI |
|Industrial Finance Corporation of India |
| |
|148 |
|IFFI |
|International Film Festival of India |
| |
|149 |
|IFFCO |
|Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative |
| |
|150 |
|IFTU |
|International Federation of Trade Unions |
| |
|151 |
|IIPA |
|Indian Institute of Public Administration |
| |
|152 |
|IIS |
|Indian Institute of Sciences |
| |
|153 |
|IISCO |
|Indian Iron and Steel Company |
| |
|154 |
|IIT |
|Indian Institute of Technology |
| |
|155 |
|ILO |
|International Labour Organisation |
| |
|156 |
|IMA |
|Indian Military Academy |
| |
|157 |
|IMF |
|International Monetary Fund |
| |
|158 |
|INGCA |
|Indira Gandhi Gallery for Culture and Art |
| |
|159 |
|INS |
|Indian Naval Ship |
| |
|160 |
|INSAT |
|Indian National Satellite |
| |
|161 |
|INTELSAT |
|International Telecommunication Satellite |
| |
|162 |
|INTERPOL |
|International Police Organisation |
| |
|163 |
|INTUC |
|Indian National Trade Union Congress |
| |
|164 |
|IOC |
|International Olympic Committee / Indian Oil Corporation |
| |
|165 |
|IPC |
|Indian Penal Code |
| |
|166 |
|IPKF |
|Indian Peace Keeping Force |
| |
|167 |
|IQ |
|Intelligence Quotient |
| |
|168 |
|IRBM |
|Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile |
| |
|169 |
|IRC |
|International Red Cross |
| |
|170 |
|IRDA |
|Insurance Regulatory Development Authority |
| |
|171 |
|IRDP |
|Integrated Rural Development Programme |
| |
|172 |
|ISB |
|Indian Standard Bureau |
| |
|173 |
|ISM |
|Indian School of Mines |
| |
|174 |
|ISO |
|International Organisation for Standardisation |
| |
|175 |
|ISP |
|Internet Services Provider |
| |
|176 |
|ISRO |
|Indian Space Research Organisation |
| |
|177 |
|IST |
|Indian Standard Time |
| |
|178 |
|ITBP |
|Indo-Tibet Border Police |
| |
|179 |
|ITDC |
|Indian Tourism Development Corporation |
| |
|180 |
|ITPO |
|Indian Trade Promotion Organisation |
| |
|181 |
|ITO |
|International Trade Organisation |
| |
|182 |
|IUCN |
|International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resource |
| |
|183 |
|ITUC |
|Indian Trade Union Congress |
| |
|184 |
|JMM |
|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |
| |
|185 |
|KG |
|Kinder Garten |
| |
|186 |
|LASER |
|Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation |
| |
|187 |
|LIC |
|Life Insurance Corporation of India |
| |
|188 |
|LLB |
|Bachelor of Law |
| |
|189 |
|LLM |
|Master of Law |
| |
|190 |
|LMG |
|Light Machine Gun |
| |
|191 |
|LoC |
|Line of Control (Pakistan) |
| |
|192 |
|LoAC |
|Line of Actual Control (China) |
| |
|193 |
|LPG |
|Liquefied Petroleum Gas |
| |
|194 |
|LSD |
|Lysergic acid diethylamide |
| |
|195 |
|LTTE |
|Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam |
| |
|196 |
|MA |
|Master of Arts |
| |
|197 |
|MASER |
|Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation |
| |
|198 |
|MBA |
|Master of Business Administration |
| |
|199 |
|MBBS |
|Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery |
| |
|200 |
|MBT |
|Main Battle Tank |
| |
|201 |
|MCA |
|Monetary Compensatory Allowance / Master of Computer Application |
| |
|202 |
|MCC |
|Melbourne Cricket Club |
| |
|203 |
|MD |
|Doctor of Medicine |
| |
|204 |
|MFN |
|Most Favoured Nation |
| |
|205 |
|MI |
|Military Intelligence |
| |
|206 |
|MISA |
|Maintenance of Internal Security Act |
| |
|207 |
|MIT |
|Mechachusates Institute of Technology (USA) |
| |
|208 |
|MLA |
|Member of Legislative Assembly |
| |
|209 |
|MLC |
|Member of Legislative Council |
| |
|210 |
|MNC |
|Multi National Corporation |
| |
|211 |
|MRCP |
|Member of Royal College of Physicians |
| |
|212 |
|MRCS |
|Member of Royal College of Surgeons |
| |
|213 |
|MRTPC |
|Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission |
| |
|214 |
|MODVAT |
|Modified Value Added Tax |
| |
|215 |
|NABARD |
|National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development |
| |
|216 |
|NACO |
|National AIDS Control Organisation |
| |
|217 |
|NAEP |
|National Adult Education Programme |
| |
|218 |
|NAFED |
|National Agricultural and Marketing Federation |
| |
|219 |
|NAFTA |
|North American Free Trade Agreement |
| |
|220 |
|NAPP |
|Narora Atomic Power Plant |
| |
|221 |
|NASA |
|National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA) |
| |
|222 |
|NASDAQ |
|National Association of Security Dealer’s Active Quotation |
| |
|223 |
|NASSCOM |
|National Association of Software & Service Companies |
| |
|224 |
|NATO |
|North Atlantic Treaty Organisation |
| |
|225 |
|NCW |
|National Commission for Women |
| |
|226 |
|NCCR |
|National Council for Civil Right |
| |
|227 |
|NCERT |
|National Council of Educational Research & Training |
| |
|228 |
|NDA |
|National Defence Academy |
| |
|229 |
|NDDB |
|National Dairy Development Board |
| |
|230 |
|NDF |
|National Defence Fund. |
| |
|231 |
|NEERI |
|National Environment Engineering Research Institute |
| |
|232 |
|NEFA |
|North-East Frontier Agency |
| |
|233 |
|NEPA |
|National Environment Protection Authority |
| |
|234 |
|NFDC |
|National Film Development Corporation |
| |
|235 |
|NFL |
|National Fertilizer Limited |
| |
|236 |
|NHRC |
|National Human Rights Commission |
| |
|237 |
|NICO |
|New Information and Communication Order |
| |
|238 |
|NIDC |
|National Industrial Development Corporation |
| |
|239 |
|NIIT |
|National Institute of Information Technology |
| |
|240 |
|NIMHANS |
|National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences |
| |
|241 |
|NITIE |
|National Institute for Training in Industrial Engineering |
| |
|242 |
|NMDS |
|National Missile Defence System (US) |
| |
|243 |
|NMEP |
|National Malaria Eradication Programme |
| |
|244 |
|NOIDA |
|New Okhla Industrial Development Authority |
| |
|245 |
|NPC |
|National Productivity Council |
| |
|246 |
|NPP |
|National Population Policy |
| |
|247 |
|NPT |
|Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty |
| |
|248 |
|NRDC |
|National Research and Development Corporation |
| |
|249 |
|NREP |
|National Rural Employment Programme |
| |
|250 |
|NRI |
|Non Resident Indian |
| |
|251 |
|NSC |
|National Security Council |
| |
|252 |
|NSSO |
|National Sample Survey Organisation |
| |
|253 |
|NTC |
|National Textile Corporation |
| |
|254 |
|NTPC |
|National Thermal Power Corporation |
| |
|255 |
|OGL |
|Open General Licence |
| |
|256 |
|OIL |
|Oil India Limited |
| |
|257 |
|OK |
|All Correct |
| |
|258 |
|ONGC |
|Oil and Natural Gas Commission |
| |
|259 |
|OPEC |
|Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries |
| |
|260 |
|PCI |
|Press Council of India |
| |
|261 |
|PCS |
|Provincial Civil Services |
| |
|262 |
|Ph. D |
|Doctor of ‘Philosophy |
| |
|263 |
|PIN |
|Postal lndex Number |
| |
|264 |
|PLO |
|Palestine Liberation Organisation |
| |
|265 |
|PM |
|Post Meridian / Prime Minister |
| |
|266 |
|POTA |
|Prevention of Terrorism Act |
| |
|267 |
|PSLV |
|Polar. Satellite Launch Vehicle |
| |
|268 |
|PTI |
|Press Trust of India |
| |
|269 |
|PRO |
|Public Relations Officer |
| |
|270 |
|PTO |
|Please Turn Over |
| |
|271 |
|PVC |
|Poly Vinyl Chloride / Paramvir Chakra |
| |
|272 |
|PVSM |
|Param Vishisht Seva Medal |
| |
|273 |
|PWD |
|Public Work’s Department |
| |
|274 |
|PWG |
|People’s War Group |
| |
|275 |
|QED |
|Quod Erat Demonstrandum (Which was to be proved) |
| |
|276 |
|QEF |
|Quod Erat Faciendum (Which was to be done) |
| |
|277 |
|QEI |
|Quod Erat Inveniendum (Which was to be found) |
| |
|278 |
|QMG |
|Quarter Master General |
| |
|279 |
|RADAR |
|Radio Angle Direction and Range |
| |
|280 |
|RAW |
|Research and Analysis Wing |
| |
|281 |
|R & D |
|Research and Development |
| |
|282 |
|RBI |
|Reserve Bank of India |
| |
|283 |
|RCC |
|Reinforced Cement Concrete |
| |
|284 |
|RDX |
|Research Developed Explosive |
| |
|285 |
|RIMC |
|Rashtriya Indian Military College |
| |
|286 |
|RMS |
|Railway Mail Service |
| |
|287 |
|RLEGP |
|Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme |
| |
|288 |
|RNA |
|Ribonucleic Acid |
| |
|289 |
|RPM |
|Revolutions Per Minute |
| |
|290 |
|RSS |
|Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh |
| |
|291 |
|RTO |
|Regional Transport Officer |
| |
|292 |
|SAARC |
|South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation |
| |
|293 |
|SAC |
|Space Application Centre |
| |
|294 |
|SAFTA |
|South Asian Free Trade Agreement |
| |
|295 |
|SAI |
|Sports Authority of India |
| |
|296 |
|SAIL |
|Steel Authority of India Limited |
| |
|297 |
|SAPTA |
|South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement |
| |
|298 |
|SARS |
|Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome |
| |
|299 |
|SC |
|Security Council/Supreme Court |
| |
|300 |
|SCI |
|Shipping Corporation of India |
| |
|301 |
|SCOPE |
|Standing Conference of Public Enterprises |
| |
|302 |
|SCRA |
|Special Class Railway Apprentice |
| |
|303 |
|SDR |
|Special Drawing Rights |
| |
|304 |
|SEBI |
|Security Exchange Board of India |
| |
|305 |
|SGPC |
|Siromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee |
| |
|306 |
|SHAR |
|Shri Harikota Range |
| |
|307 |
|SIDBI |
|Small Industries Development Bank of India |
| |
|308 |
|SIS |
|Secret Intelligence Service (U.K) |
| |
|309 |
|SITA |
|Suppression of .Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act |
| |
|310 |
|SLV |
|Satellite Launch Vehicle |
| |
|311 |
|SPCA |
|Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals |
| |
|312 |
|SPICMC |
|Society for the Promotion of Indian Classical music and culture |
| |
|313 |
|STARS |
|Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station |
| |
|314 |
|STD |
|Subscribers Trunk Dialing |
| |
|315 |
|STPI |
|Software Technology Parks of India |
| |
|316 |
|SWAPO |
|South West African People’s Organisation |
| |
|317 |
|TA |
|Travelling Aliowance / Territorial Anmy |
| |
|318 |
|TELCO |
|Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company |
| |
|319 |
|TELEX |
|Teleprinter Exchange |
| |
|320 |
|TISCO |
|Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited |
| |
|321 |
|TNT |
|Tri-nitro-toluene |
| |
|322 |
|TOEFL |
|Test of English as a Foreign Language |
| |
|323 |
|TRAI |
|Telecom Regulatory Authority of India |
| |
|324 |
|TRIPS |
|Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights |
| |
|325 |
|TTE |
|Travelling Ticket Examiner |
| |
|326 |
|TTFI |
|Table Tennis Federation of India |
| |
|327 |
|TWA |
|Trans World Airlines (USA) |
| |
|328 |
|UDC |
|Upper Division Clerk |
| |
|329 |
|UFO |
|Unidentified Flying Object |
| |
|330 |
|UGC |
|University Grants Commission |
| |
|331 |
|UHT |
|Ultra High Temperature |
| |
|332 |
|ULFA |
|United Liberation Front of Assam |
| |
|333 |
|UNASUR |
|Union of South American Nations (Spanish: Unión de Naciones Suramericanas) |
| |
|334 |
|UNCTAD |
|United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |
| |
|335 |
|UNDP |
|United Nations Development Programme |
| |
|336 |
|UNEF |
|United Nations Emergency Force |
| |
|337 |
|UNEP |
|United Nations Environment Programme |
| |
|338 |
|UNESCO |
|United Nations Economic Social and Cultural Organisation |
| |
|339 |
|UNFPA |
|United Nations for Population Activities |
| |
|340 |
|UNHCR |
|United Nations High Commission for Refugees |
| |
|341 |
|UNI |
|United News of India |
| |
|342 |
|UNICEF |
|United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund |
| |
|343 |
|UNO |
|United Nations Organisation |
| |
|344 |
|UPS |
|Uninterrupted Power Supply |
| |
|345 |
|UPSC |
|Union Public Service Commission |
| |
|346 |
|USSR |
|Union of Soviet Socialist Republic |
| |
|347 |
|UTI |
|Unit Trust of India |
| |
|348 |
|VAT |
|Value Added Tax |
| |
|349 |
|VDIS |
|Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme |
| |
|350 |
|VC |
|Vice-Chancellor / Victoria Cross |
| |
|351 |
|VIP |
|Very Important Person |
| |
|352 |
|VPP |
|Value Payable Post |
| |
|353 |
|VRS |
|Voluntary Retirement Scheme |
| |
|354 |
|VSNL |
|Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited |
| |
|355 |
|VSSC |
|Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre |
| |
|356 |
|WEF |
|World Economic Forum |
| |
|357 |
|WHO |
|World Health Organisation |
| |
|358 |
|WILL |
|Wireless in Local Loop |
| |
|359 |
|WMO |
|World Meteorological Organisation |
| |
|360 |
|WWF |
|World Wild Life Fund |
| |
|361 |
|WPI |
|Wholesale Price Index |
| |
|362 |
|WTO |
|World Trade Organisation |
| |
|363 |
|WWF |
|World Wild Life Fund for Nature |
| |
|364 |
|WWW |
|World Wide Web |
| |
|365 |
|YMCA |
|Young Men’s Christians Association |
| |
|366 |
|YWCA |
|Young Women’s Christians Association |
| |
|367 |
|ZBB |
|Zero Based Budgeting |
| |
|368 |
|ZSI |
|Zoological Survey of India |
| |
|COUNTRY |EMBLEM |COUNTRY |EMBLEM |
|Australia |Kangaroo |Bangladesh |Water Lily |
|Barbados |Head of a Trident |Belgium |Lion |
|Canada |White Lily |Chile |Candor & Huemul |
|Denmark |Beach |Dominica |Sisserou Parrot |
|France |Lily |Germany |Corn Flower |
|Guyana |Canje Pheasant |Hong Kong |Bauhinia (Orchid Tree) |
|India |Lioned Capital |Iran |Rose |
|Ireland |Shamrock |Israel |Candelabrum |
|Italy |White Lily |Ivory Coast |Elephant |
|Japan |Chrysanthemum |Lebanon |Cedar Tree |
|Luxenbourg |Lion with Crown |Mongolia |The Soyombo |
|Netherlands |Lion |New Zealand |Southern Cross, Kiwi, Fern |
|Norway |Lion |Pakistan |Crescent |
|Papua New Guinea |Bird of paradise |Spain |Eagle |
|Senegal |Bhobab Tree |Sierra Leone |Lion |
|Sri Lanka |Lion |Sudan |Secretary Bird |
|Syria |Eagle |Turkey |Crescent & Star |
|U.K. |Rose |U.S.A. |Golden Rod |
NATIONAL EMBLEMS OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
Principle Airlines of Countries
|AIRLINES |COUNTRY |
|Aeroflot |USSR |
|Air India |India |
|Air-Lanka |SriLanka |
|Air France |France |
|Air Canada |Canada |
|Air Mauritius |Mauritius |
|Alitalia |Italy |
|Ariana Afghan Airlines |Afghanistan |
|British Airways |England |
|Bangladesh Biman |Bangladesh |
|Cathay Pacific |HongKong |
|Ceskoslovenske Aeroline |Czechoslovakia |
|Egypt Air |Egypt |
|Ethiopian Airlines |Ethiopia |
|Emirates |UAE |
|Finnair |Finland |
|Garuda Airways |Indonesia |
|Gulf Air |Gulf |
|Indian Airlines |India |
|Iran Air |Iran |
|Iraq Airways |Iraq |
|Japan Airlines Ltd. |Japan |
|K.L.M. Royal Dutch |Netherlands |
|Kenya Airways |Kenya |
|Kuwait Airways |Kuwait |
|Lufthansa |Germany |
|Malaysian Airlines |Malaysia |
|Pan American Airways |USA |
|Pakistan International Airlines |Pakistan |
|Quantas Empire Airways |Australia |
|Royal Nepal Airlines |Nepal |
|Sabena |Belgium |
|Saudi Arabian Airlines |Saudi Arabia |
|Scandinavian Airlines System |Sweden |
|Singapore Airlines |Singapore |
|Swiss Air |Switzerland |
|Trans-World Airlines |USA |
|Thai Airways International |Thailand |
Religions in the World
|1. Buddhism |
|Founder |Gautam Siddhartha Buddha (563-483 BC) born in Nepal (Lumbini) |
|Founded in |525 BC |
|Followed in |India, China, Tibet, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Japan, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Taiwan, |
| |Indonesia, Bhutan and Vietnam |
|Sacred Text |The Tripitaka (Collection of Buddha’s teaching) also called Sutras |
|Sacred Places |Lumbini (Nepal) where he received enlightenment and Kusinagar (UP) where he attained ‘Nirvana’. |
|Place of Worship |Vihar (temple) and Monastery (where monks reside) |
|Sects |Mahayana and Hinayana |
|2. Confucianism |
|Founder |King Fu Tsu, Better known as Confucius (551-479 BC) born in the state of LU in china. |
|Founded in |500 BC |
|Followed in |China, Taiwan, South Korea, Nauru and Vietnam |
|Sacred Text |The Analects |
|Sacred Places |No church or temple |
|3. Christianity |
|Founder |Jesus Christ (5 BC to AD 30) born in Judea, also called Jesus of Nazareth |
|Founded in |2000 years ago |
|Followed in |Spread all over the world |
|Sacred Text |Holy Bible consisting of Old Testament (before Christ) and the New Testament (during and after Christ) |
|Sacred Places |Jerusalem where Christ lived and preached |
|Place of Worship |Church |
|Important Sects |Catholics and Protestants |
| |
|4. Hinduism |
|Founder |Ancient Sages |
|Founded in |Around 1500 BC |
|Followed in |Concentrated in India and Nepal and also found in Bhutan, Fiji, Guyana, Indonesia, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, South Africa, |
| |Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago |
|Sacred Text |The Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad-Gita and the epics of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana |
|Place of Worship |Temple |
|5. Islam |
|Founder |Prophet Mohammed (AD 570-632) born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) |
|Founded in |AD 622 |
|Followed in |From west coast of Africa to the Philippines which includes Tanzania, Southern part of Russia and China, India, Pakistan, |
| |Bangladesh, Malaysia and Indonesia. Also parts of North Africa. |
|Sacred Text |Quran (words of God), Hadis (Collection of Prophet’s saying). |
|Sacred Places |Makkah (mecca) in Saudi Arabia |
|Place of Worship |Masjid (mosque) |
|Sects |Sunnis and Shias |
|6.Sikh |
|Founder |Guru Nanak Dev Jee( 15 -April- 1469- 22-September- 1539) born in Rai Bhoi dee Talwandi( Nankana Sahib) |
|Founded in |15th century |
|Followed in |India,Pakistan,Afganistan ,Rest of the world. |
|Sacred Text |Guru Granth Sahib jee (words of God) |
|Sacred Places | 5 Takat(Sri Akal Takht Sahib, Takht Sri Damdama Sahib, Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib, Takht Sri Hazur Sahib , Takht Sri Patna |
| |Sahib |
|Place of Worship |Guru Duara Sahib jee |
|Sects |Sikh |
|Chief Ministers of Indian States | |
|S. NO. |Name of States |Chief Minister |
|1 |Andhra Pradesh |Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy |
|2 |Arunachal Pradesh |Nabam Tuki |
|3 |Assam |Shri Tarun Gogoi |
|4 |Bihar |Shri Nitish Kumar |
|5 |Chhattisgarh |Dr. Raman Singh |
|6 |Goa |Shri Manohar Parrikar |
|7 |Gujarat |Shri Narendra Modi |
|8 |Haryana |Shri Bhupinder Singh Hooda |
|9 |Himachal Pradesh |Prof. Prem Kumar Dhumal |
|10 |Jammu Kashmir |Omar Abdullah |
|11 |Jharkhand |Arjun Munda |
|12 |Karnataka |Shri Jagadish Shettar |
|13 |Kerala |Shri Oommen Chandy |
|14 |Madhya Pradesh |Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan |
|15 |Maharashtra |Shri Prithviraj Chavan |
|16 |Manipur |Shri Okram Ibobi Singh |
|17 |Meghalaya |Mukul Sangma |
|18 |Mizoram |Lal Thanhawla |
|19 |Nagaland |Shri Neiphiu Rio |
|20 |Orissa |Sh. Naveen Patnaik |
|21 |Punjab |Shri Parkash Singh Badal |
|22 |Rajasthan |Shri Ashok Gehlot |
|23 |Sikkim |Shri Pawan Chamling |
|24 |Tamil Nadu |Sushree J. Jayalalithaa |
|25 |Tripura |Shri Manik Sarkar |
|26 |Uttar Pradesh |Akhilesh Yadav |
|27 |Uttarakhand |Vijay Bahuguna |
|28 |West Bengal |Km. Mamata Banerjee |
| | | |
| Governors of Indian States | |
|S. NO. |Name of States |Governor |
| |Andhra Pradesh |Shri. E. S. L. Narasimhan |
| |Arunachal Pradesh |General (Rtd.) J.J. Singh |
| |Assam |Shri. Janaki Ballav Pattanaik |
| |Bihar |Sh Devanand Konwar |
| |Chhattisgarh |Shri Shekhar Dutt |
| |Goa |Shri BV Wanchoo |
| |Gujarat |Dr. Kamla Beniwal |
| |Haryana |Shri Jagannath Pahadia |
| |Himachal Pradesh |Urmila Singh |
| |Jammu Kashmir |Sh. N. N. Vohra |
| |Jharkhand |Dr. Syed Ahmed |
| |Karnataka |Shri H R Bhardwaj |
| |Kerala |Shri H R Bharadwaj |
| |Madhya Pradesh |Ram Naresh Yadav |
| |Maharashtra |K. Sankaranarayanan |
| |Manipur |Sh. Gurbachan Jagat |
| |Meghalaya |Sh. Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary |
| |Mizoram |Shri Vakkom Purushothaman |
| |Nagaland |Shri Nikhil Kumar |
| |Orissa |Shri Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare |
| |Punjab |Shri Shivraj Patil |
| |Rajasthan |Smt. Margaret Alva |
| |Sikkim |Sh. Balmiki Prasad Singh |
| |Tamil Nadu |Konijeti Rosaiah |
| |Tripura |Dr. D Y Patil |
| |Uttar Pradesh |Shri B L Joshi |
| |Uttarakhand |Aziz Qureshi |
| |West Bengal |Shri M. K Narayanan |
|Chief Ministers & Governors of Indian Union Territory | |
|S. NO. |Name of States |Chief Minister |Governor |
| |Andaman & Nicobar | |Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Bhopinder Singh, PVSM, AVSM |
| |Chandigarh |U.T. |Shri Shivraj V. Patil (Administrator) |
| |New Delhi |Smt Sheila Dikshit |Mr. Tejendra Khanna |
| |Puducherry |Shri N. Rangasamy |Sh. Iqbal Singh |
| |Dadra and Nagar Haveli |U.T. |Shri B.S. Bhalla (Administrator) |
| |Daman and Diu |U.T. |Shri B.S. Bhalla (Administrator) |
| |Lakshadweep |Shri B V Selvarj (Administrator) |Shri Amar Nath |
Distinctive Names of Some Countries & Town
|Distinctive Name |Country/Town/Port/River |
|Britain of the South |New Zealand |
|The Battlefield of Europe |Belgium |
|City of the Golden Gate |San Francisco |
|City of Magnificent Distances |Washington D.C. |
|City of Popes |Rome |
|City of Seven Hills |Rome |
|City of Skyscrapers |New York |
|Cockpit of Europe |Belgium |
|Dark Continent |Africa |
|Dairy of Northern Europe |Denmark |
|Emerald Island |Ireland |
|Empire City |New York |
|Eternal City |Rome, Italy |
|Forbidden City |Lhasa (Tibet) |
|Garden of England |Kent |
|Gate of Tears |Babel-Mandab, Jerusalem |
|Granite City |Aberdeen (Scotland) |
|Great White Way |Broadway (New York) |
|Gift of Nile |Egypt |
|Gibraltar of the Indian Ocean |Aden |
|Herring Pond |Atlantic Ocean |
|Hermit Kingdom |Korea |
|Holy Land |Palestine |
|Island of Cloves |Madagascar (Malagasy) |
|The Isle of Spring |Jamaica |
|Key to the Mediterranean |Gibraltar |
|Land of Cakes (or Oat Cakes) |Scotland |
|Land of the Golden Fleece |Australia |
|Land of the Golden Pagoda |Myanmar (Burma) |
|Land of Kangaroos |Australia |
|Land of Lilies |Canada |
|Land of the Midnight Sun |Norway |
|Land of Milk and Honey |Canaan |
|Land of Morning Calm |Korea |
|Land of the Rising Sun |Japan |
|Land of a Thousand Lakes |Finland |
|Land of Thunderbolt |Bhutan |
|Land of White Elephants |Thailand |
|Lady of Snow |Canada |
|Little Venice |Venezuela |
|Never, Never Land |Prairies (North Australia) |
|Pearl of Antilles |Cuba |
|Playground of Europe |Switzerland |
|Pillars of Hercules |Straits of Gibraltar |
First in World
|1. Chairman of Peoples Republic of China - Mao-Tse-Tung |
|2. President of the Chinese Republic – Dr. Sun Yat Sen |
|3. President of U.S.A – George Washington |
|4. Chinese Traveller to India – Fahein |
|5. Foreign Invader to India – Alexander the Great |
|6. Person to reach South Pole – Amundsen |
|7. Person to reach North Pole – Robert Pearey |
|8. Person in Space – Yuri Gagarin |
|9. Person on Moon – Neil Armstrong |
|10. Lady to climb Mount Everest – Junko Taibei |
|11. European to visit China – Marco Polo |
|12. Place where atom bomb was dropped – Hiroshima |
|13. Man to walk in Space – Alexei Leonov |
|14. Woman cosmonaut in Space – Valentina Tereshkova |
|15. Woman Prime Minister of a country - Mrs. Srimavo Bhandarnaike |
|16. Woman President of a country - Maria Estela Peron |
|17. Woman to Command a Space Mission - Colonel Eileen Collins (U.S.A.) |
|18. The first residents of International Space station - Bill Shepherd (USA),Yuri Gidzanko and Sergei Krikalev (Russia) |
|19. The first blind man to scale Mt. Everest - Erik Weihenmayer(USA, May 25, 2001) |
|20. The first Muslim woman to become the Secretary General of Amnesty International lrine – Zubeida Khan |
|21. The first space astronaut to go into space seven times till date - Jerry Ross (U.S.A.) |
|22. The first South African to become the second space tourist - Mark Shuttleworth |
|23. The first woman Prime Minister of South Korea - Ms. Chang Sang |
|24. The first youngest grandmaster of the world in chess - Sergey Karjakin (Ukraine) |
|25. The first adventurer flying successfully across the English Channel without aircraft - Felix Baumgartner (July 2003) |
|26. China’s first man in space - Yang Liwei |
|27. The first Muslim woman to receive Nobel Prize - Shirin Ebadi (Nobel Peace Prize 2003) |
|28. The woman with the highest individual Test score making a new world record - Kiran Baloch (Pakistani cricketer, scoring 242 runs playing |
|women’s cricket test against West Indies in Karachi in March, 2004) |
|29. The first woman of the world to climb Mt. Everest four times - Lakpa Sherpa (Nepali) |
|30. The first woman to cross seven important seas of the world by swimming - Bula Chaudhury (India) |
|31. The first aircraft pilot to round the entire world non-stop by his 2 engine aircraft in 67 hours - Steve Fossett (March 2005) |
|32. The first woman to be appointed as a Governor of a province in Afghanistan - Habiba Sorabhi |
|33. The first woman of the world to swim across five continents – Bula Chaudhury (India) (April 2005) |
|34. The first woman athlete to touch 5.0 meter mark in pole vault - Ms. Yelena Isinbayeva (Russian, July 2005) |
|35. The first Hindu Chief Justice of Pakistani Supreme Court Justice – Rana Bhagwan Das Took over on Sept. 2, 2005 as Acting Chief Justice |
List of Bharat Award Recipient
|S.No. |Name of the recipient |Year |Their individuality |
|1 |Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari |1954 |Indian political leader, the first and the only governor-general of independent India. |
| | | | |
|2 |Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman |1954 |Indian physicist, the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930(birth. Nov. 7, |
| | | |1888, Trichinopoly [Tiruchirappalli], India; death. Nov. 21, 1970, Bengaluru), |
|3 |Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |1954 |Philosopher, scholar and statesman, president of India from 1962 to 1967 |
|4 |Dr. Bhagwan Das |1955 |Independence activist, author |
|5 |Shri Jawaharlal Nehru |1955 |Independence activist, author, first prime minister of independent India (1947-64) |
|6 |Dr. Mokshagundam Vivesvaraya |1955 |Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore |
|7 |Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant |1957 |Independence activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home Minister |
|8 |Dr. Dhonde Keshav Karve |1958 |Also known as Maharishi Karve, Indian social reformer and educator |
|9 |Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy |1961 |Physician, Chief Minister of West Bengal |
|10 |Shri Purushottam Das Tandon |1961 |Independence activist, educator |
|11 |Dr. Rajendra Prasad |1962 |First president of the Republic of India (1950-62). A lawyer-turned-journalist, also |
| | | |president of the Indian National Congress |
|12 |Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane |1963 |Indologist and Sanskrit scholar |
|13 |Dr. Zakir Hussain |1963 |Scholar, third President |
|14 |Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri |1966 |Posthumous Award: independence activist, third Prime Minister |
|15 |Smt. Indira Gandhi |1971 |Fourth Prime Minister |
|16 |Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri |1975 |Trade unionist and fourth President |
|17 |Shri Kumaraswamy Kamraj |1976 |Posthumous Award: independence activist, Chief Minister of Madras State |
|18 |Mother Teresa, (Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu) |1980 |Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity |
|19 |Shri Acharya Vinoba Bhave |1983 |Posthumous Award: social reformer, independence activist |
|20 |Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan |1987 |First non-citizen, independence activist |
|21 |Shri Marudur Gopalan Ramachandran |1988 |Posthumous Award: film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu |
|22 |Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedakr |1990 |Posthumous Award: architect of the Indian Constitution, politician, economist, and |
| | | |scholar |
|23 |Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela |1990 |Second non-citizen and first non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement|
|24 |Shri Morarji Ranchhodji Desai |1991 |Independence activist, fifth Prime Minister |
|25 |Shri Rajiv Gandhi |1991 |Seventh Prime Minister |
|26 |Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel |1991 |Posthumous Award: independence activist, first Home Minister |
|27 |Shri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata |1992 |Industrialist and philanthropist |
|28 |Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad |1992 |Posthumous Award: independence activist, first Minister of Education |
|29 |Shri Satyajit Ray |1992 |Filmmaker |
|30 |Shri (Dr.) Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam |1997 |Aeronautical engineer, eminent defence scientist, Dr. Kalam was India's eleventh |
| | | |president from 2002 to 2007 |
|31 |Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali |1997 |Posthumous Award: independence activist |
|32 |Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda |1997 |Independence activist, second Prime Minister |
|33 |Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam |1998 |Chidambaram Subramaniam (birth: January 30, 1910 – death: November 7, 2000) He was an |
| | | |Indian statesman, Freedom fighter, state minister, central minister and governor. |
|34 | |1998 |Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (16 September 1916 – 11 December 2004), Also known |
| |Smt. Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi | |as M.S., she was a renowned Carnatic vocalist. |
|35 |Prof. Amartya Sen |1999 |Distinguished economist and philosopher, awarded the Nobel Prize in 1998 for his seminal|
| | | |work in welfare economics |
|36 |Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi |1999 |Posthumous Award: independence activist, Chief Minister of Assam |
|37 |Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan |1999 |Posthumous Award: Indian political leader and theorist, leader of socio-political |
| | | |mass-movements in Gujarat and Bihar |
|38 |Pandit Ravi Shankar |1999 |Sitar player |
|39 |Kumari Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar |2001 |Legendary Indian playback singer; sang for more than 2,000 Indian films in a career |
| | | |spanning nearly six decades |
|40 |Ustad Bismillah Khan |2001 |(birth March 21, 1916, Bhirung Raut Ki Gali, in Dumraon, Bihar; death Aug. 21, 2006, |
| | | |Varanasi). |
|41 |Pandit Bhimsen Joshi |2008 |(birth. Feb. 14, 1922, Gadag, Dharwad, Karnataka), His full name is Bhimsen Gururaj |
| | | |Joshi. |
| | | | |
Most Renowned Indian Awards:
| Noble Prize |Noble Prize are for Contributions to society |
| Bharat Ratna |It is India's highest civilian award, awarded for the highest degrees of national service |
| Pulitzer Prize |Pulitzer awards are for Literacy achievement |
| Padma Awards: |Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri |
| |Padma awards are for exceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by |
| |Government servants. |
|Gallantry Awards: |Param Vir Chakra (PVC), Ashok Chakra, Shaurya Chakra |
| |These awards are given for appreciating the brave and gallant |
|The Golden Peacock Awards |It is recognised worldwide as the hallmark of corporate excellence. It builds the Brand Equity and inspires |
| |and aligns the entire workforce. |
|Manthan Award |It is an initiative in India to recognize the best practices in e-Content and Creativity. |
|Arjun Awards |Arjuna Award is given for Excellence in sports |
| FiFi Awards |The FiFi Awards honor the fragrance industry's creative achievements |
| International Gandhi Peace Prize |This award is given to individuals and institutions for their contributions towards social, economic and |
| |political revolution through non-violence and Gandhian philosophy. The award carries Rs. 10 million in cash. |
| Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award |Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award is for Excellence in Public Administration, Academics and Management |
| Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna |The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is India’s highest honour given for achievement in sports. |
| GREEN STAR AWARDS |The Green Star Awards recognize those who have made extraordinary efforts to respond to environmental |
| |disasters around the world. |
Famous Cups and Trophies
|Cricket : Ashes, Anthony Demellow trophy, C.K. Naidu trophy, Cooch-Behar Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Irani Trophy, |
|Moin-ud-dowla-Cup, Netwest Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton Bria Trophy, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, etc.... |
|Football : B.C. Roy Trophy, Bordoloi Trophy, DCM Cup, Durand Cup, G.v. Raja Memorial Trophy, Mardeka Cup, Nehru Gold cup, Rovers Cup, Santosh |
|Trophy |
|Golf : canada Cup, Muthiah Gold Cup, Ryder Cup, Walker Cup |
|Hockey : Agha Khan Cup, Alan Shah Cup, Beighten Cup, Dhyan Chand Trophy, Gyanvati Devi Trophy, Indira Gandhi Gold cup, Khan Abdul Gaffar Cup, |
|Lady Ratna Tata Cup(women), Modi Gold Cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Obaidullah Gold Cup, Rangaswami Cup |
|Table Tennis : Corbillion Cup (women), Jayalaxmi Cup(women), Swaythling Cup (Men), U. thant Cup |
|Lawn Tennis : Davis Cup, Hamlet Cup, Gaffar cup, Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, US open |
|Badminton : Ibrahim Rahimatulah Chalenge Cup, Thomus Cup(Men), Uber Cup (women), Narang Cup |
|Boxing : Aspy Adjahia Trophy |
|Rowing : Wellington Trophy |
|Bridge : Ruia Trophy |
|Polo : Ezat Cup, Winchester Cup |
|Chess : Khaitan Trophy |
|List of Cups And Trophies |
|Sport: Hockey Aga khan Cup ,Begam Rasul Torphy (woman’s), Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Lady Ratan Tata Trophy (woman’s), Gurunanak |
|Championship (woman’s) Dhyanchand Trophy, Nehru Trophy, Sindhia Gold cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Wellington Cup etc, |
|Sport: Football Beghum Hazarat Mahal Cup, BILT Cup, Bordoloi Trophy Colombo Cup, Confederation cup, DCM Trophy, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, |
|B.C. Raj Trophy (National Championship), FIFA world Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Santosh Trophy (National Championship), IFA |
|Shield, Scissor Cup, Subroto Mukherjee Cup, Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, Vittal Trophy, Euro Cup, etc, |
|Sport: Cricket Anthony D, Mellow Trophy, Ashes, Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges Cup, Bose Trophy, Champions Trophy, Charminar Challender Cup, |
|C.K Naidu Trophy, Cooch – Behar Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duldeep Trophy, Gavaskar –Border Trophy, G.D. Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup, Ghulam |
|Ahmad Trophy, Hamkumat Rai Trophy, ICC World Cup, Irani Trophy Interface Cup, Jawharlal Nehru Cup, Lomboard World Challenge Cup, Mc Dowells|
|Challenge Cup, Merchant Cup, Moin –ud –Dowla Cup, Net West Trophy, Prudential Cup(World Cup), Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton |
|Barcia Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sahara Cup, Sharjah Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, Singer Cup, Sir Frank Worrel Trophy, Texaco |
|Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy, Vizzy Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy, World Series Cup. |
|Sport: Table Tennis Berna Bellack cup( Men), Cobillion Cup (women), Jai Laxmi cup(women),Rajkumari Challenge Cup (women junior), Ramanuja |
|Trophy (men Junior), |
|Travancore Cup (women), Swathling Cup (men) etc. |
|Sport: Badminton Aggrawal Cup, Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Australasia Cup, Chaddha Cup, European Cup, Harilela Cup, Ibrahim Rahimatillah |
|Challenger Cup, Konica Cup, Sophia Cup, Kitiakara Cup, Thomas Cup Tunku Abdulrahman Cup, Uber Cup, Yonex Cup etc. |
|Sport: Basketball Basalat Jha Trophy, B.C. Gupta Trophy, Federation Cup, S.M. Arjuna Raja Trophy, Todd memorial Trophy, William jones Cup, |
|Bangalore Bules Challenge Cup, Nehru Cup, Federation Cup etc. |
|Sport: Bridge Basalat Jha Trophy, Holkar Trophy, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania Trophy. etc |
|Sport: Polo Ezra Cup, Gold Cup, King’s Cup, Prithi Pal Singh Cup, Radha |
|Mohan Cup, Winchester Cup etc. |
|Sport: Athletics Charminar Trophy, Federation Cup etc. |
|Sport: Air Racing Jawaharlal Challenge Trophy, King’s Cup, Schneider Cup etc. |
|Sport: Billiards Arthur Walker Trophy, Thomas Cup etc. |
|Sport: Boxing Aspy Adjahia Trophy, Federations Cup,Val Baker Trophy etc. |
|Sport: Golf Canada Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Muthiah Gold Cup, Nomura Trophy, President ‘s Trophy, Prince of wales Cup, Ryder Cup, Solheim |
|Cup, Topolino Trophy, Walker Cup, World Cup etc. |
|Sport: Ches sNaidu Trophy, Khaitan Torphy , Lin Are City Trophy, World Cup etc. |
|Sport: Horse Racing Beresford Cup, Blue Riband Cup, Derby, Grand National Cup etc. |
|Sport: Netbal lAnantrao Pawar Trophy etc. |
|Sport: Rugby Football Bledisloe Cup, Calcutta Cup, Webb Ellis Trophy, etc. |
|Sport: Shooting North Wales Cup, Welsh Grand Prix etc. |
|Sport: Volleyball Centennial Cup, Federation Cup, and Indira Pradhan Trophy, Shivanthi Gold Cup, etc. |
|Sport: Yatch Racing America Cup etc. |
National Parks in India
1. Bandhavgarh National Park ( Madhya Pradesh)
2. Ranthambore National Park (Rajsthan)
3. Kaziranga National Park ( Assam)
4. Kanha National Park (Madhya Pradesh)”.
5. Sundarbans National Park
6. Manas National Park (Assam)
7. Bandipur National Park ( Karnatka)
8. Sultanpur National Park ( Haryana)
9. Rajaji National Park, Uttaranchal
10. Dudhwa National Park, U.P.
11. Bandipur & Nagarhole National Parks, Karnataka
12. Bhalukpong, Arunachal
13. Simplipal National Park, Orissa
14. Nandankanan Zoo, Orissa
15. Gahirmatha Turtle Sanctuary, Orissa
16. Namdhapha National Park, Arunachal
17. Velvadhar Blackbuck Sanctuary, Gujarat
18. Wild Ass Sanctuary, Gujarat
19. Dachigam National Park, J&K
20. The Great Himalayan National Park, H.P.
21. Dibru Saikhowa National Park, Assam
22. Milroy or Pabha Sanctuary, Assam
23. Nameri National Park, Assam
24. Pin Valley National Park, H.P.
25. Hemis High Altitude National Park, J&K.
Metals found in India at Major Level
|Aluminium is found in Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh ,Chttishgarh , Maharastra ,Gujarat |
|Asbestos is found in Rajasthan, Karnataka |
|Coal is found in Jharkhand, West Bengal ,Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh ,Orissa, Andhra Pradesh |
|Diamonds are found in Madhya Pradesh ,Chttishgarh |
|Marble is found in Rajasthan |
|Mica is found is Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan |
|Thorium is found in Kerala ,Tamil Nadu ,Andhra Pradesh |
|Uranium is found in Kerala , Jharkhand |
|Zinc is found in Rajasthan |
|The reserves of lignite have been estimated as little over 37.15 billion tones as on 1 April 2005 out of which the major contributors is |
|the lignite basins of Tamil Nadu. |
Countries and their monuments
|Country Name |Monument |
|Australia |Opera House (Sydney) |
|China |The Great Wall of China |
|Denmark |Kinder disk |
|Egypt |Pyramid |
|France |Eiffel Tower (Paris) |
|India |The Taj Mahal (Agra) |
|Italy |Leaning Tower of Pisa |
|Japan |Emperial Palace |
|Malaysia |Tugu Negara |
|Russia |Kremlin (Moscow) |
|USA |Statue of Liberty (New York) |
|Chief Election Commissioners of India |
|1. Sukumar Sen: |21 March 1950 to 19 December 1958 |
|2. Kalyan Sundaram: |20 December 1958 to 30 September 1967 |
|3. S. P. Sen Verma: |1 October 1967 to 30 September 1972 |
|4. Nagendra Singh: |1 October 1972 to 6 February 1973 |
|5. T. Swaminathan: |7 February 1973 to 17 June 1977 |
|6. S. L. Shakdhar: |18 June 1977 to 17 June 1982 |
|7. R. K. Trivedi: |18 June 1982 to 31 December 1985 |
|8. R. V. S. Peri Sastri: |1 January 1986 to 25 November 1990 |
|9. V. S. Ramadevi: |26 November 1990 to 11 December 1990 |
|10. T. N. Seshan: |12 December 1990 to 11 December 1996 |
|11. M. S. Gill: |12 December 1996 to 13 June 2001 |
|12. J. M. Lyngdoh: |14 June 2001 to 7 February 2004 |
|13. T. S. Krishnamurthy: |8 February 2004 to 15 May 2005 |
|14. B. B. Tandon: |16 May 2005 to 29 June 2006 |
|15. N. Gopalaswami: |30 June 2006 to 20 April 2009 |
|16. Navin Chawla: |21 April 2009 to 29 July 2010 |
|17. S. Y. Quraishi: |30 July 2010 to 10 June 2012 |
|18. V. S. Sampath: |10 June 2012 to incumbent |
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