Project 1.1.3 Architectural Styles



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Project 1.1.3 Architectural Styles

Introduction

Typically, people associate pyramids with Egypt. However, pyramids have been created all over the world. What makes us associate a style with a certain culture or time period? Recognizable architectural styles are often a result of nearby building material, weather, and culture.

Equipment

• Computer with presentation software

• Internet access

Procedure

1. Choose one of the following architectural styles:

|Style |Era |# Stories |Materials |Features |Location |

|Art Deco | | | | | |

|Arts and Crafts | | | | | |

|Bungalow | | | | | |

|Cape Cod | | | | | |

|Contemporary | | | | | |

|Counter Culture | | | | | |

|Cubic | | | | | |

|Dutch | | | | | |

|English | | | | | |

|Farmhouse | | | | | |

|Federal | | | | | |

|French | | | | | |

|Garrison | | | | | |

|Georgian | | | | | |

|Greek Revival | | | | | |

|International | | | | | |

|I-Style | | | | | |

|Italianate | | | | | |

|Modern | | | | | |

|Neo-Eclectic | | | | | |

|Neolithic | | | | | |

|Normandy | | | | | |

|Prairie Style | | | | | |

|Queen Anne | | | | | |

|Ranch | | | | | |

|Saltbox | | | | | |

|Shed | | | | | |

|Southern Colonial | | | | | |

|Spanish | | | | | |

|Split Level | | | | | |

|Tudor | | | | | |

|Victorian | | | | | |

2. For your chosen style, find and record the following:

a. Identify the decade or years of most common use and when first used

1900 AD to present (20th and 21st centuries)

b. Identify the typical number of stories for the structure

There is no particular number of stories that is common in modern architecture. A unique feature of modern architecture is that many buildings can be very tall, and even skyscraper, which was not possible in previous architectural time periods. However, modern style is applied to a variety of building heights, and often even single-story structures.

c. Identify and describe the building materials used in the style

Modern architecture incorporates both traditional materials, used in their most basic and natural form, and more developed modern materials. While wood, brick, and stone are still used very often, they are used in simplified ways to reflect modern aesthetic. Steel and concrete support are also used, for stronger structure that also more freedom in construction and building shape. Modern technologies are also incorporated, such as man-made flooring and radiant heating systems.

d. Identify and describe the Distinctive features of the style that make it identifiable and unique; list the three most common

1. Simplicity and Natural Expression

Modern architecture finds beauty and aesthetic not in added ornament, but in the structure of the building itself. Modern architects don’t cover up the nature of the home, but instead flaunt it, and leave buildings with beautiful and light open space and windows, without much added design. Modern architecture is a very “less is more” art.

2. Innovative Functionality and Comfort

Modern architecture is built to uniquely fit its location, and function well for its user. For example, a modern building in a bright location is built with large open spaces and windows for sunlight, and at the same time shade to keep inhabitants comfortable. The aesthetic of the architecture is derived from the beauty of its function. As Louis Sullivan famously stated, “Form follows function.”

3. Geometric and Linear Shapes

Abstract geometric shapes are a strong theme throughout modern architecture. Architects use bold horizontal and vertical lines, and emphasize the geometric shape of the building. One way in which they do so is by slanting the roofs of houses in a variety of angles, which is very common in modern architecture

Identify and describe how the purpose of the structure, site location, the use of lines, form, color, texture, rhythm, balance, proportion, and unity are used in the architectural style.

Modern architects, as stated before, focus on the function of homes before the form. Because the architects preserve materials in a basic form and shape, the principles and elements of modern architecture depend primarily on the nature of the materials and structure. The color and texture of the design are for the most part preserved – for example, wood is usually stained to keep its natural texture, instead of painted over. Modern architects mostly don’t enforce unity, proportion, rhythm, or balance on the design of a building, however in many cases they come naturally from all materials being in their natural form, which gives the structure a simple vibe. The structure of modern architecture is often also purposefully abstract.

The one area of leniency in modern aesthetic is somewhat the form. Architects can decide where to put certain materials, and from there the materials interact aesthetically. Modern architects are particularly fond of line and geometric form, with bold horizontal and vertical lines, and differently slanted roofs. They also incorporate a lot of abstract art and structure into modern buildings.

e. Provide at least three examples of the style; include an example from the local area if appropriate, using sketches if digital images are not available.

1. The Guggenheim Museum (Frank Lloyd Wright – New York City, USA 1959)

2. Villa Savoye (Le Corbusier – Poissy, France 1931)

3. AMA Plaza (Ludwig Miles van der Rohe – Chicago, Illinois 1973)

f. Provide information about the use of the style, such as its use as a residential, industrial, or commercial structure, architects who may have used the style, and other information that will enhance learning about the style.

Modern architecture is usually flaunted as museum structures, public buildings, or buildings that are easily visible to the public. However, the modern style is frequently incorporated into smaller scale buildings and personal homes. Famous Modern architects include Frank Lloyd Wright, Walter Gropius, Joseph Eichler, and many more from across America and Europe. The style was developed from a few smaller European architectural movements and styles, such as the Bauhaus movement and Expressionism.

g. Identify and describe the location, state, or country, where this style is most commonly used.

Modern architecture is found throughout the modern world. It originated alongside modernist ideas and movements, and followed in the footsteps of movements such as the Enlightenment throughout the developing world.

While the modern ideas mostly originated in Europe, the time period of modern architecture is centered on the World Wars. Expressionist and modern ideas were suppressed in Europe at the time of the Wars, which allowed these new ideas to reach and be developed in America. Later, American modernism largely affected European post-war modernism.

3. Create a presentation including four slides. Slide one should include the title of the presentation and your name. Slides two and three should highlight and summarize your findings. Slide four should cite your references.

Conclusion

1. How is the culture of the people reflected in the architectural style?

The Modern time period of architecture took place alongside and following many world accomplishments and failures, and many societal transformations. A huge element of all art at the time was expression; breaking off from former techniques and standards to create a new style that portrayed the social themes of the century: individuality, reformation, and innovation.

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of building a home with your chosen style today?

The advantage of building a Modern home is generally the aesthetic. It is a beautiful style of architecture that was prominent not so long ago. The home would also be highly functional in the modern age, and overall a great style of architecture to live in. The one downside is the cost of a Modern home. Highly demanded materials alongside complicated construction make building or living in the architecture a large investment. With wealth, however, Modern architecture is the perfect style to live in, in the modern age.[pic]

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