Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses
[Pages:16]Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses
Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses
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Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses Notes
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Notes
Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses
Table of Content
Conjugation
4
Beginner's Reference
5
How to Conjugate Regular Spanish Verbs
6
Present Tense
7
Present Progressive
10
Preterite
11
Imperfect
14
Formal Commands
15
Present Subjunctive
16
Affirmative Informal Commands
19
Negative Informal Commands
19
Future Tense
20
Conditional
21
Present Perfect
22
Past Perfect
23
Imperfect Subjunctive
24
Present Perfect Subjunctive
27
Conditional Perfect
27
Pluperfect Subjunctive
28
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Conjugation
Conjugation is the process of changing a verb to agree with a subject, so the verb reflects who or what is doing the action. In addition, the verb's conjugation will show when the action occurred: the present, the past, the future, etc. Spanish verbs consist of two parts: the stem and the ending. Together, the stem and the ending are referred to as the infinitive. When conjugating a verb, the stem will remain while the ending will change. In Spanish, there are three endings: -ar, -er, and -ir. For example, in the infinitive "hablar" (to talk), the stem is "habl-" and the ending is "-ar." Most verbs are conjugated by taking the ending off of the infinitive and adjusting the verb's ending to agree with the subject (see page 6 for further practice). However, there are some irregular verbs that do not follow these conjugations, such as ser, o?r, and hacer. Therefore, this booklet also contains a list of common irregular verbs with each verb tense.
Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses Notes
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yo t? ?l/ella/Ud. nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas/Uds.
Pluperfect Subjunctive
hubiera hubieras hubiera hubi?ramos hubierais hubieran
-ado (-AR verbs) + -ido (-ER/-IR verbs)
Examples:
Yo dudaba que t? hubieras hablado. I doubted that you had/would have talked.
Nosotros esper?bamos que ellos hubieran comido. We were hoping that they had/would have eaten.
Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses Beginner's Reference
yo
t? ?l ella Usted (Ud.)
nosotros
I
you he she you (Formal)
we
vosotros
you all (Informal)
ellos
ellas Ustedes (Uds.)
they (Masculine) they (Feminine) you all (Formal)
First Person (Singular) Second Person (Singular) (Informal) Third Person (Singular) (Formal)
First person (Plural)
Third Person (Plural)
(Informal)
Third Person (Plural) (Formal)
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How to Conjugate Regular Spanish Verbs
Follow these three steps to conjugate a regular verb: 1. Locate and remove the ending of the verb. 2. Choose the correct conjugation for the person, object, or thing doing the action. 3. Add the conjugation to the stem.
Let's practice on comer (to eat) and conjugate it to say "I eat": 1. The ending of comer is -er, so the ending is removed, leaving only the stem, com-. 2. The correct conjugation for yo (I) is -o (see present tense ?ER chart on page 7). 3. -o is added to com- to create the conjugated verb, como.
Let's try one more, vivir (to live), and conjugate it to say "We live." 1. Vivir Vivir Viv2. -imos (see present tense ?IR verb chart on page 7) 3. Viv + imos = Vivimos
yo t? ?l/ella/Ud. nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas/Uds.
Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses Present Perfect Subjunctive
haya hayas haya hayamos hay?is hayan
-ado (-AR verbs) + -ido (-ER/-IR verbs)
Examples: Yo espero que t? hayas hablado. I hope that you have talked. Es imposible que ?l haya comido. It is impossible that he has eaten.
yo t? ?l/ella/Ud. nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas/Uds.
Conditional Perfect
habr?a habr?as habr?a habr?amos habr?ais habr?an
-ado (-AR verbs) + -ido (-ER/-IR verbs)
Examples: Ella habr?a hablado. Ellos habr?an comido.
She would have talked. They would have eaten.
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Imperfect Subjunctive: Common Irregular Verbs
Pensar (to think) - pensara, pensaras, pensara, pens?ramos, pensarais, pensaran
Poder (can, to be able to) - pudiera, pudieras, pudiera, pudi?ramos, pudierais, pudieran
Poner (to put, to turn on TV/radio) - pusiera, pusieras, pusiera, pusi?ramos, pusierais, pusieran
Preferir (to prefer) - prefiriera, prefirieras, prefiriera, prefiri?ramos, prefirierais, prefirieran
Producir (to produce) - produjera, produjeras, produjera, produj?ramos, produjerais, produjeran
Querer (to want) - quisiera, quisieras, quisiera, quisi?ramos, quisierais, quisieran
Recoger (to pick up) - recogiera, recogieras, recogiera, recogi?ramos, recogierais, recogieran
Recordar (to remember) - recordara, recordaras, recordara, record?ramos, recordarais, recordaran
Saber (to know, to know how) - supiera, supieras, supiera, supi?ramos, supierais, supieran
Sacar (to get, to take out) - sacara, sacaras, sacara, sac?ramos, sacarais, sacaran
Salir (to leave, to go out) - saliera, salieras, saliera, sali?ramos, salierais, salieran
Seguir (to follow, to continue) - siguiera, siguieras, siguiera, sigui?ramos, siguierais, siguieran
Sentir (to feel sorry) - sintiera, sintieras, sintiera, sinti?ramos, sintierais, sintieran
Tener (to have) - tuviera, tuvieras, tuviera, tuvi?ramos, tuvierais, tuvieran
Traer (to bring) - trajera, trajeras, trajera, traj?ramos, trajerais, trajeran
Venir (to come) - viniera, vinieras, viniera, vini?ramos, vinierais, vinieran Ver (to see) - viera, vieras, viera, vi?ramos, vierais, vieran
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Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses Present Text
-AR
yo
-o
t?
-as
?l/ella/Ud. -a
nosotros
-amos
vosotros
-?is
ellos/ellas/Uds. -an
-ER
yo
-o
t?
-es
?l/ella/Ud. -e
nosotros
-emos
vosotros
-?is
ellos/ellas/Uds. -en
-IR
yo
-o
t?
-es
?l/ella/Ud. -e
nosotros
-imos
vosotros
-?s
ellos/ellas/Uds. -en
Examples: Nosotros hablamos. T? comes.
We talk. You eat.
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Present Tense: Common Irregular Verbs
Irregular in "yo" form
Dar (to give, to hand) - doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan Estar (to be) - estoy, est?s, est?, estamos, est?is, est?n Ir (to go) - voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van Saber (to know, to know how) - s?, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sab?is, saben Ser (to be) - soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son Ver (to see) - veo, ves, ve, vemos, v?is, ven
"Go" Verbs
Hacer (to do, to make) - hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hac?is, hacen O?r (to hear) - oigo, oyes, oye, o?mos, o?s, oyen Poner (to put, to turn on TV/radio) - pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, pon?is, ponen Salir (to leave, to go out) - salgo, sales, sale, salimos, sal?s, salen Tener (to have) - tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, ten?is, tienen Traer (to bring) - traigo, traes, trae, traemos, tra?is, traen Venir (to come) - vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, ven?s, vienen
"e-ie" stem changers
Despertarse (to wake up) - me despierto, te despiertas, se despierta, nos despertamos, os despert?is, se despiertan Pensar (to think) - pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, pens?is, piensan Preferir (to prefer) - prefiero, prefieres, prefiere, preferimos, prefer?s, pre- fieren Querer (to want) - quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, quer?is, quieren Sentarse (to sit down) - me siento, te sientas, se sienta, nos sentamos, os
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Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses Imperfect Subjunctive: Common Irregular Verbs Empezar (to begin, to start) - empezara, empezaras, empezara, empez?ramos, empezarais, empezaran Entender (to understand) - entendiera, entendieras, entendiera, entendi?ramos, entendierais, entendieran Escoger (to choose) - escogiera, escogieras, escogiera, escogi?ramos, escogierais, escogieran Estar (to be) - estuviera, estuvieras, estuviera, estuvi?ramos, estuvierais, estuvieran Hacer (to do, to make) - hiciera, hicieras, hiciera, hici?ramos, hicierais, hicieran Incluir (to include, to enclose) - incluyera, incluyeras, incluyera, incluy?ramos, incluyerais, incluyeran Introducir (to introduce) - introdujera, introdujeras, introdujera, introduj?ramos, introdujerais, introdujeran Ir (to go)/Ser (to be) - fuera, fueras, fuera, fu?ramos, fuerais, fueran Jugar (to play a game/sport) - jugara, jugaras, jugara, jug?ramos, jugarais, jugaran Leer (to read) - leyera, leyeras, leyera, ley?ramos, leyerais, leyeran Mantener (to maintain) - mantuviera, mantuvieras, mantuviera, mantuvi?ramos, mantuvierais, mantuvieran Morir (to die) - muriera, murieras, muriera, muri?ramos, murierais, murieran Obtener (to obtain, to get) - obtuviera, obtuvieras, obtuviera, obtuvi?ramos, obtuvierais, obtuvieran O?r (to hear) - oyera, oyeras, oyera, oy?ramos, oyerais, oyeran Pagar (to pay) - pagara, pagaras, pagara, pag?ramos, pagarais, pagaran Pedir (to ask for, to request) - pidiera, pidieras, pidiera, pidi?ramos, pidierais, pidieran
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