Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability
Many readings for this chapter are major sources of environmental data for the entire book. General information on books can be reviewed at websites such as .
About Com. Environmental Issues.
Access Initiative. Promoting Access to Information, Participation, and Justice in Environmental Decision-Making.
Adams, William M., et al. 2003. “Managing Tragedies: Understanding Conflict Over Common Pool Resources.” Science, vol. 302, 1915.
Adams, William M., et al. 2004. “Biodiversity Conservation and the Eradication of Poverty.” Science, vol. 306, 1146.
Aldo Leopold Foundation.
Allen, John L. Annual. Environment. Columbus, Ohio: McGraw-Hill/Duskin.
AlterNet. Environment.
Amazing Environmental Organization Web Directory!
American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS). Action Science: Promoting Bioscience Literacy.
American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS). Environmental Issues.
American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS). Seven Bioscience Challenges.
American Museum of Natural History: Resources for Learning.
American Scientist Online.
Anderson, Ray. 1999. Mid-Course Correction: Toward a Sustainable Enterprise: The Interface Story. White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green.
Anti-Environmental Myths.
Aronson, James, et al. Eds. 2007. Restoring Natural Capital: Science, Business, and Practice. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.
Ashworth, William, et al. 2001. The Encyclopedia of Environmental Studies. New York: Facts on File.
Athanasiou, Tom. 1998. Divided Planet: The Ecology of Rich and Poor. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
Atkisson, Alan. 2002. Believing Cassandra: An Optimist Looks at a Pessimist’s World. White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green.
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Ausubel, Ken. 1997. Restoring the Earth: Visionary Solutions from the Bioneers. Tiburon, Calif.: H. J. Kramer.
Ausubel, Kenny, and J.P. Harpigniesed. 2004. Ecological Medicine: Healing the Earth, Healing Ourselves. San Francisco, Calif.: Sierra Club Books.
Ausubel, Kenny, and J.P. Harpignies eds. 2004. Nature’s Operating Instructions: The True Biotechnologies. San Francisco, Calif.: Sierra Club Books.
Ayres, Ed. 2000. God's Last Offer: Negotiating for a Sustainable Future. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows.
Ayres, Ed. 2004. “The Hidden Shame of the Industrial Economy.” World Watch, January/February, 20.
Bailey, Ronald, ed. 2002. Global Warming and Other Eco-Myths: How the Environmental Movement Uses False Science to Scare Us. Roseville, Calif.: Prima Lifestyles.
Baldwin, Virginia, ed. 2004. Online Ecological and Environmental Data. Binghamton, N. Y.: Haworth Press.
Barlaz, Dora and Craig Freudenrich. 2007. Kaplan AP Environmental Science 2007 Edition. Kaplan Publishing.
Barns, Peter. 2003. Who Owns the Sky? Our Common Assets and the Future of Capitalism. Washington D. C.: Island Press.
Beattie, Andrew, and Paul Ehrlich. 2004. Wild Solutions: How Biodiversity is Money in the Bank. 2nd ed. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
Bell, Simon, and Stephen Morse. 2003. Measuring Sustainability Learning by Doing. London: Earthscan.
Benyus, Janine. 2002. Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature. New York: Harper Perennial.
Biomimicry Institute.
Biological Sciences.
Bioneers: Visionary and Practical Solutions for Restoring the Earth.
BiosciEdNet. Digital Libraries for Teaching and Learning in the Biological Sciences.
Blackburn, William R. 2007. The Sustainability Handbook. London. Earthscan.
Blatt, Harvey. 2005. America’s Environmental Report Card: Are We Making the Grade? Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Blewitt, John, and Cedric Cullingford, eds. 2004. The Sustainability Curriculum: The Challenge for Higher Education. London: Earthscan.
Blowers, Andrew, and Steve Hinchliffe, eds. 2003. Environmental Responses. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.
Bollier, David. 2003. Silent Theft: The Private Plunder of Our Common Wealth. London: Routledge. See review at
Bollier, David. 2004. “Who Owns the Skies?”
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British Petroleum (BP). Annual. BP Statistical Review of World Energy. London: Group Media and Publications.
Brown, Lester R. 2001. Eco-Economy: Building an Economy for the Earth. New York: W. W. Norton.
Brown, Lester R. 2007. Plan B: 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization. New York: W. W. Norton.
Brown, Lester R. 2005. Outgrowing the Earth: The Food Security Challenge In An Age of Falling Water Tables and Rising Temperatures. New York: W. W, Norton.
Buck, Susan J. 1998. The Global Commons: An Introduction. Washington, D. C.: Island Press. See review at
Buell, Frederick. 2004. From Apocalypse to Way of Life: Environmental Crisis in the American Century. London: Routledge.
Burger, Joanna, and Michael Gochfeld. 1998. "The Tragedy of the Commons: 30 Years Later." Environment, vol. 40, no. 10, 4.
Cato Institute.
Center for Health, Environment, and Justice (CHEJ).
Center for Media & Democracy.
Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI).
Center for Sustainable Systems.
Chambers, Nicky, et al. 2001. Sharing Nature’s Interest: Ecological Footprints as an Indicator of Sustainability. London: Earthscan.
Chertow, Marian. 2001. “The IPAT Equation and Its Various Changing Views of Technology and Environmental Impact.” Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 4, 13.
CIA World Factbook (U.S. Central Intelligence Agency).
Center for International Earth Science Information Network Information (CIESN (Columbia University).
Clark, George E. 2007. “Environment on Film.” Environment, September, p. 3.
Clark, George E. 2007. “Exploring Environmental Archives.” Environment, May, p. 3. F. Clark Exploring Environmental Archives
Clean Water Action Council (CWAC) Environmental Issues.
Cohen, Joel E. 2003. “Human Population: The Next Century.” Science, vol.32, 1172.
Cohen, Joel E. 2005. “Human Population Grows Up.” Scientific American, Sept., 48-55.
College Sustainability Report Card.
Collins UK Editor. 2006. Fragile Earth: Views of a Changing World. New York: HarperCollins.
Commoner, Barry. 1994. Making Peace with the Planet. Rev. ed. New York: Peter Smith.
Conkin, Paul. 2006. The State of the Earth: Environmental Challenges on the Way to 2100. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky.
Conservation Directory. Annual. Washington, D. C.: Island
Conservation International.
Conservation International, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science.
Costanza, Robert, et al. 2000. "Managing Our Environmental Portfolio." BioScience, vol. 50, no. 2, 140. portfolio.pdf
Costanza, Robert, et al. eds. 2007. Sustainability or Collapse: An Integrated History and Future of People on Earth. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Costanza, Robert, and Sven E. Jorgensen, eds. 2002. Understanding and Solving Environmental Problems in the 21st Century. New York: Elsevier.
Council on Foreign Relations.
Course Ware: Environmental Science Simulators.
Culture Change Letter. Overpopulation.
Daily, Gretchen, ed. 1997. Nature’s Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.
Daily, Gretchen, and Katherine Ellison. 2002. The New Economy of Nature. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.
Daily World Environment News (Reuters). Planet Ark.
Daly, Herman E. 2004. “Population, Migration, and Globalization.” World Watch, Sept./Oct., 41. rev pop,migr,glob copy 1.pdf
Daly, Herman E., and John B. Cobb, Jr. 1997. For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy Toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press.
Dasgupta, Partha S. 1995. “Population, Poverty, and the Local Environment.” Scientific American, vol. 272, no 2, 27.
David Suzuki Foundation.
Day, Kristen A., ed. 2005. China’s Environment and the Challenge of Sustainability. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe.
de Graff, John, et al. 2005. Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic. 2nd ed. San Francisco, Calif.: Berrett-Koehler.
Dernbach, John C., ed. 2002. Stumbling Toward Sustainability. Washington, D. C.: Environmental Law Institute.
Devall, Bill, and George Sessions. 2001. Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered. Salt Lake City, Utah: Gibbs H. Smith.
Diamond, Jared. 2005. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: W. W. Norton.
Diamond, Jared. 2006. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Penguin.
Diamond, Jared. 2007. “Easter Island Revisited.” Science, vol. 317, 21 September, 1692-1694.
Die Off. Implications of a Population Crash When Oil Begins Running Out.
Dietz, Thomas, et al. 2003. “The Struggle to Govern the Commons.” Science, vol. 302, 1907.
Discovery Channel.
Dolak, Nives, and Elinor Ostrom, eds. 2003. The Commons in the New Millennium: Challenges and Adaptation. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press
Dresner, Simon. 2002. The Principles of Sustainability. London. Earthscan.
Durant, Robert F., et al., eds. 2004. Environment Governance Reconsidered: Challenges, Choices, and Opportunities. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Durning, Alan T. 1992. How Much Is Enough? The Consumer Society and the Earth. New York: W. W. Norton.
Earth Day Network. Earth Day: Every Day for Everybody!
Earth From Space.
Earth Island Institute. Conservation, Preservation, Restoration.
Earthjustice.
Earth Policy Institute.
Earth Times.
Earthwatch.
Easterbrook, Greg. 2004. The Progress Paradox: How Life Gets Better While People Feel Worse. New York: Random House.
Easton, Thomas A. Annual. Taking Sides: Environmental Issues. Columbus, Ohio: McGraw-Hill/Duskin.
Ecological Footprint. The Happy Planet Index.
Ecological Footprint. 2006. WWF Living Planet Report 2006.
Ecological Footprint. Calculating the Ecological Footprint of your School. ;
Ecological Footprint Calculators.
Ecological Footprint Quiz.
Ecology Hall of Fame. Aldo Leopold.
Economy, Elizabeth C. 2005. The River Runs Black: The Environmental Challenge to China’s Future. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press.
Economy, Elizabeth. 2007. “China vs. Earth: How China is Threatening the World’s Environment.” AlterNet, May 7.
Eco-Portal—The Environmental Sustainability Info Source.
Ecosustainable Hub. Environment Sustainability Links (Websites).
Edmonds, Richard L. 2000. Managing the Chinese Environment. New York: Oxford University Press.
Edwards, Andrés R. 2005. The Sustainability Revolution: Portrait of a Paradigm Shift. Gabriola Island, B.C., Canada: New Society.
Eagan, Michael. 2007. Barry Commoner and the Science of Survival: The Remaking of American Environmentalism. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Ehrlich, Paul R., and Anne H. Ehrlich. 1998. Betrayal of Science and Reason: How Anti-Environmental Rhetoric Threatens Our Future. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.
Ehrlich, Paul R., and Anne Ehrlich. 2005. One with Nineveh: Politics, Consumption, and the Human Future. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Electronic Green Journal.
Elgin, Duane. 2001. Promise Ahead: A Vision of Hope and Action for Humanity's Future. New York: HarperCollins.
Elliot, Herschel, and Richard D. Lamm. 2006. “A Moral Code for a Finite World.” Rachel’s Democracy & Health News, #867, Aug. 10.
Elvin, Mark. 2004. The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
eNature.
Engardio, Peter, ed. 2006. Chindia: How China and India are Revolutionizing Global Business, Columbus, Ohio: McGraw-Hill.
Envirolink: The Online Environmental Community:
Envirolink: The Online Environmental Community: Environmental Ethics and Worldviews
Envirolink: The Online Environmental Community: Pollution Prevention.
Envirolink: The Online Environmental Community: Population.
Envirolink: The Online Environmental Community: Sustainable Business.
Envirolink: The Online Environmental Community: Sustainable Living
Environmental Defense.
Environmental Literacy Council.
Environmental Literacy Council and National Science Teachers Association (NSTA). 2007. Resources for Environmental Literacy: Five Teaching Modules for Middle and High School Teachers. Washington, D.C. NSTA Press.
Environmental News Network (ENN).
Environmental News Service (ENS).
Environmental Philosophy and Worldviews. The Green Fuse.
Environmental Research Foundation. Rachel’s Environment & Health News. View issues at
Environmental Topics on the Web.
Environmental Working Group. and
Environment Canada.
European Environment Agency.
European Union Commission. Environment.
Evans, Kim M. 2006. The Environment: A Revolution in Attitudes. New York: Belmont, Calif.: Gale Cengage.
Exploratorium.
Explore Google Earth. - utm_campaign=en
Ferkiss, Victor. 1994. Nature, Technology, and Society: Cultural Roots of the Current Environmental Crisis. New York: New York University Press.
Fishman, Ted C. 2006. China, Inc.: How the Rise of the Next Superpower Challenges America and the World. New York: Scribner.
Flattau, Edward. 1997. Tracking the Charlatans: Countering the Eco-Bashers. New York: Global Horizons.
Flavin, Christopher, and Gary Gardner. 2006. “China, India, and the New World Order.” In State of the World 2006, Worldwatch Institute (New York: W. W. Norton), pp. 3-23.
Foltz, Richard C. 2002. Worldviews, Religion, and the Environment: A Global Anthology. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth.
Forum on Science and Technology for Sustainability.
Foster, John Bellamy. 1999. The Vulnerable Planet: A Short Economic History of the Planet. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Foster, John Bellamy. 2002. Ecology Against Capitalism. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Fothergill, Alastair. 2007. Planet Earth As You Have Never Seen It Before. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.
Freyfogle, Eric T. 2003. The Land We Share: Private Property and the Common Good. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.
Freyfogle, Eric T. 2006. Why Conservation is Failing and How It Can Regain Ground. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
Friends of the Earth. and
Funk, McKenzie. 2007. “China’s Green Revolution.” Popular Science, August, 78-86, 108-110.
Gardner, Gary. 2002. Invoking the Spirit: Religion and Spirituality In the Quest For a Sustainable World. Washington, D. C.: Worldwatch Society.
Gardner, Gary, et al. 2004. “The State of Consumption Today.” In Worldwatch Institute, State of the World 2004 (New York: W. W. Norton), p. 3.
Garte, Seymour. 2007. Where We Stand: A Surprising Look at the Real State of the Planet. New York: AMACON.
Geosphere Imagery. Images of the Earth.
Gibson, Robert B., et al. 2005. Sustainability Assessment: Criteria and Processes. London: Earthscan.
Ginn, William. 2005. Investing in Nature: Case Studies of Land Conservation in Collaboration with Business. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.
Girardet, Herbert, ed. 2007. Surviving the Century: Facing Climate Chaos and Other Global Challenges. London: Earthscan.
Giuliano, Jackie Alan. 2002. Healing Our World: A Journey From the Darkness Into the Light. Philadelphia, Penn.: Xlibris.
Gleick, Peter H. 2002. “Is the Skeptic All Wet? The Skeptical Environmentalist.” Environment, vol. 44, no. 6, 36.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Global Change Master Directory (Searchable Index and Directory).
Global Environment Facility.
Global Footprint Network.
Global Footprint Network. Calculate Your Footprint.
Globe Program. Hands-On Education and Science Program.
Globio: Mapping Human Impacts on the Biosphere.
Goklany, Indur. 2007. The Improving State of the World: Why We’re Living Longer, Healthier, More Comfortable Lives on a Cleaner Planet. Washington, D. C.: Cato Institute.
Gore, Al. 2006. Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit. Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale Books.
Gore, Al. 2006. An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It. Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale Books.
Green Nature.
Greenpeace USA.
Green Work Today. Environmental News Site.
Goudie, Andrew. 2005. The Human Impact on the Natural Environment: Past, Present, and Future. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.
Goudie, Andrew, and David J. Cuff, eds. 2003. Encyclopedia of Global Change: Environmental Change and Human Society. Change. New York: Oxford University Press.
Goudie, Andrew, and David J. Cuff. 2008. The Oxford Companion to Global Change. New York: Oxford University Press.
Greenpeace Canada.
Greenpeace International.
Greenpeace USA.
Grist Magazine Online.
Grist Magazine. 2007. Wake Up and Smell the Planet: The Non-Pompous, Non-Preachy Grist Guide to Greening Your Day. Seattle, Wash.: Mountaineers Books.
Grubler, Arnulf. 2006. “Doing More With Less: Improving the Environment Through Green Engineering.” Environment, March, 23-37.
Gund Institute for Ecological Economics.
Hák, Thomás, et al. 2007. Sustainability Indicators: A Scientific Assessment. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.
Hamilton, Clive, and Richard Denniss. 2006. Affluenza: When Too Much is Never Enough. Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
Hammond, Allen. 2000. Which World? Scenarios for the 21st Century. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.
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Hardin, Garrett. 1986. Filters Against Folly: How to Survive Despite Economists, Ecologists, and the Merely Eloquent. New York: Penguin.
Hardin, Garrett. 1995. Living Within Limits: Ecology, Economics, and Population Taboos. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hardin, Garrett. 1998. "Extensions of the Tragedy of the Commons." Science, vol. 279, 682.
Hartmann, Thom. 2004. The Last Hours of Ancient Sunlight: The Fate of the World and What We Can Do Before It’s Too Late. New York: Three Rivers Press.
Harvard Medical School, Center for Health and the Global Environment.
Hawken, Paul. 1994. The Ecology of Commerce: A Declaration of Sustainability. New York: HarperCollins.
Hawken, Paul. 2007. Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Movement in the World Came into Being and Why No One Saw It. New York: Viking.
Hawken, Paul, Amory Lovins, and Hunter Lovins. 2000. Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution. Boston, Mass.: Back Bay Books.
Hay, Peter R. 2002. Main Currents in Western Environmental Thought. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Hayward, Steven F. Annual. Index of Leading Environmental Indicators. San Francisco, Calif.: Pacific Research Institute.
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Hertsgaard, Mark. 2000. Earth Odyssey: Around the World in Search of Our Environmental Future. Emeryville, Calif.: Abacus.
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Hopkins, James. 2007. Human Population Crisis.
How Stuff Works.
Hulot, Nicolas, et al. 2006. One Planet: A Celebration of Biodiversity. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
I= PAT: An Introduction.
India’s International Centre for Science and Environment (CSE).
Institute for Energy and Environmental Research.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Irwin, Francis, and Janet Ranganathan. 2007. Restoring Nature‘s Capital: An Action Agenda to Sustain Ecosystem Services. World Resources Institute.
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Jensen, Mari N. 2000. "Common Sense and Common-Pool Resources." BioScience, vol. 50, no. 8, 638.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Topographic Images of the Earth.
John Muir Exhibit.
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Kahn, Joseph, and Mark Landler. 2007. “China Grabs West’s Smoke-Spewing Factories.” New York Times, December 21.
Kamdar, Mira. 2007. Planet India: How the Fastest Growing Democracy is Transforming America and the World. New York: Scribner.
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Kynge, James. 2007. China Shakes the World: A Titan’s Rise and Troubled Future—and the Challenge for America. Boston, Mass.: Mariner Books.
Lambin, Eric. 2007. The Middle Path: Avoiding Environmental Catastrophe. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
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McKibben, Bill. 2004. Enough: Staying Human in an Engineered Age. New York: Holt Paperbacks.
McKibben, Bill. 2006. The End of Nature. New York: Random House Paperbacks.
McKibben, Bill. 2007. Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future. New York: Times Books.
McKibben, Bill. 2007. Hope, Human, and Wild: True Stories of Living Lightly on the Earth. Minneapolis, Minn.: Milkweed Editions.
McKibben, Bill. 2007. “Why Having More No Longer Makes Us Happy.” AlterNet, Mar. 22.
McKibben, Bill. 2008. The Bill McKibben Reader: Pieces from an Active Life. New York: Holt Paperbacks.
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Meadows, Donella H., et al. 2004. Limits to Growth—The 30-Year Update. White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green.
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Menzel, Peter, et al. 1994. Material World: A Global Family Portrait. San Francisco, Calif.: Sierra Club Books.
Merkel, Jim. 2003. Radical Simplicity: Small Footprints on a Finite Earth. Gabriola Island, B.C., Canada: New Society.
Meyer, Stephen M. 2006. The End of the Wild. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Middleton, Nick. 2008. The Global Casino: An Introduction to Environmental Issues. 4th ed. New York: Hodder Arnold.
Milbrath, Lester W. 1990. Envisioning a Sustainable Society. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Milbrath, Lester W. 1996. Learning to Think Environmentally While There Is Still Time. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being. Washington, D. C.: Island Press. and and
Mitchell, Bruce, ed. 2004. Resource and Environmental Management in Canada: Addressing Conflict and Uncertainty. New York: Oxford University Press.
MODIS (NASA). Environmental Images.
Mol, Arthur P. 2003. Globalization and Environmental Reform: The Ecological Modernization of the Global Economy. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Montague, Peter. 1999. “The Meaning of Sustainability—Part 1.” Rachel’s Democracy & Health News, #667, Sept. 9.
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Montague, Peter. 2006. “Basic Principles.” Rachel’s Democracy & Health News, #879, Nov. 2.
Montague, Peter. 2006. “Is It Possible to Regulate Dangerous Technologies?” Rachel’s Democracy & Health News, #842, Feb. 16.
Montague, Peter. 2006. “Our Growing Footprint: Business As Usual, Part 1.” Rachel’s Democracy & Health News, #868, Aug. 16.
Montague, Peter. 2006. “Our Growing Footprint: Business As Usual, Part 2.” Rachel’s Democracy & Health News, #869, Aug. 24.
Montague, Peter. 2006. “The Modern Approach to Problems: Prevention.” Rachel’s Democracy & Health News, #845, Mar. 9.
Montague, Peter. 2007. “Human Ignorance Is Growing.” Rachel’s Democracy & Health News, #904, Apr. 26.
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and
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Science Daily: Your Link To the Latest Research News.
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