Oracle sql convert datetime format

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Oracle sql convert datetime format

Oracle supports both date and time, albeit differently from the SQL2 standard. Rather than using two separate entities, date and time, Oracle only uses one, DATE. The DATE type is stored in a special internal format that includes not just the month, day, and year, but also the hour, minute, and second. The DATE type is used in the same

way as other built-in types such as INT. For example, the following SQL statement creates a relation with an attribute of type DATE: create table x(a int, b date); DATE Format When a DATE value is displayed, Oracle must first convert that value from the special internal format to a printable string. The conversion is done by a function

TO_CHAR, according to a DATE format. Oracle's default format for DATE is "DD-MON-YY". Therefore, when you issue the query select b from x; you will see something like: B --------- 01-APR-98 Whenever a DATE value is displayed, Oracle will call TO_CHAR automatically with the default DATE format. However, you may override the

default behavior by calling TO_CHAR explicitly with your own DATE format. For example, SELECT TO_CHAR(b, 'YYYY/MM/DD') AS b FROM x; returns the result: B --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1998/04/01 The general usage of TO_CHAR is: TO_CHAR(, '') where the string can be formed from over 40

options. Some of the more popular ones include: MM Numeric month (e.g., 07) MON Abbreviated month name (e.g., JUL) MONTH Full month name (e.g., JULY) DD Day of month (e.g., 24) DY Abbreviated name of day (e.g., FRI) YYYY 4-digit year (e.g., 1998) YY Last 2 digits of the year (e.g., 98) RR Like YY, but the two digits are

``rounded'' to a year in the range 1950 to 2049. Thus, 06 is considered 2006 instead of 1906, for example. AM (or PM) Meridian indicator HH Hour of day (1-12) HH24 Hour of day (0-23) MI Minute (0-59) SS Second (0-59) You have just learned how to output a DATE value using TO_CHAR. Now what about inputting a DATE value? This

is done through a function called TO_DATE, which converts a string to a DATE value, again according to the DATE format. Normally, you do not have to call TO_DATE explicitly: Whenever Oracle expects a DATE value, it will automatically convert your input string using TO_DATE according to the default DATE format "DD-MON-YY". For

example, to insert a tuple with a DATE attribute, you can simply type: insert into x values(99, '31-may-98'); Alternatively, you may use TO_DATE explicitly: insert into x values(99, to_date('1998/05/31:12:00:00AM', 'yyyy/mm/dd:hh:mi:ssam')); The general usage of TO_DATE is: TO_DATE(, '') where the string has the same options as in

TO_CHAR. Finally, you can change the default DATE format of Oracle from "DD-MON-YY" to something you like by issuing the following command in sqlplus: alter session set NLS_DATE_FORMAT=''; The change is only valid for the current sqlplus session. The Current Time The built-in function SYSDATE returns a DATE value

containing the current date and time on your system. For example, select to_char(sysdate, 'Dy DD-Mon-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') as "Current Time" from dual; returns Current Time --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tue 21-Apr-1998 21:18:27 which is the time when I was preparing this document :-) Two interesting

things to note here: You can use double quotes to make names case sensitive (by default, SQL is case insensitive), or to force spaces into names. Oracle will treat everything inside the double quotes literally as a single name. In this example, if "Current Time" is not quoted, it would have been interpreted as two case insensitive names

CURRENT and TIME, which would actually cause a syntax error. DUAL is built-in relation in Oracle which serves as a dummy relation to put in the FROM clause when nothing else is appropriate. For example, try "select 1+2 from dual;". Another name for the built-in function SYSDATE is CURRENT_DATE. Be aware of these special

names to avoid name conflicts. Operations on DATE You can compare DATE values using the standard comparison operators such as =, !=, >, etc. You can subtract two DATE values, and the result is a FLOAT which is the number of days between the two DATE values. In general, the result may contain a fraction because DATE also

has a time component. For obvious reasons, adding, multiplying, and dividing two DATE values are not allowed. You can add and subtract constants to and from a DATE value, and these numbers will be interpreted as numbers of days. For example, SYSDATE+1 will be tomorrow. You cannot multiply or divide DATE values. With the help

of TO_CHAR, string operations can be used on DATE values as well. For example, to_char(, 'DD-MON-YY') like '%JUN%' evaluates to true if is in June. This document was written originally by Kristian Widjaja for Prof. Jeff Ullman's CS145 class in Autumn, 1997; revised by Jun Yang for Prof. Jennifer Widom's CS145 class in Spring,

1998; further revisions by Prof. Ullman in Autumn, 1998. In Oracle, TO_CHAR function converts a datetime value (DATE, TIMESTAMP data types i.e.) to a string using the specified format. In SQL Server, you can use CONVERT or CAST functions to convert a datetime value (DATETIME, DATETIME2 data types i.e.) to a string. Oracle: -Convert the current date to YYYY-MM-DD format SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD') FROM dual; # 2012-07-19 SQL Server: -- Convert the current date to YYYY-MM-DD format SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 120); # 2012-07-19 Summary information: Oracle SQL Server Syntax TO_CHAR(datetime,

format) CONVERT(VARCHAR(n), datetime, style) CAST(datetime as VARCHAR(n)) Default Format and Style Specified by NLS_DATE_FORMAT Mon DD YYYY HH12:MI Last Update: Oracle 11g R2 and Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Oracle TO_CHAR supports the following format specifiers for datetime values: Oracle TO_CHAR Format

Specifier YYYY 4-digit year YY 2-digit year MON Abbreviated month (Jan - Dec) MONTH Month name (January - December) MM Month (1 - 12) DY Abbreviated day (Sun - Sat) DD Day (1 - 31) HH24 Hour (0 - 23) HH or HH12 Hour (1 - 12) MI Minutes (0 - 59) SS Seconds (0 - 59) Unlike Oracle TO_CHAR function that allows you to build

any format string using format specifiers (YYYY and MM i.e.), in SQL Server, you have to use a datetime style that defines the format for the entire datetime string. In Oracle, the default format of a datetime string depends on the NLS_DATE_FORMAT session variable: Oracle: -- Convert to string with the default format SELECT

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE) FROM dual; # 20-JUL-12 -- Change the default format ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'Mon DD, YYYY'; -- Convert to string with the default format SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE) FROM dual; # Jul 20, 2012 In SQL Server, the default format is Mon DD YYYY HH12:MI: SQL Server: -- Convert to

sting with the default format SELECT CAST(GETDATE() AS VARCHAR); # Jul 20 2012 1:04PM -- Convert to sting with the default format SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE()); # Jul 20 2012 1:04PM Note that SQL Server CAST can convert with the default format only. The only thing you can do is to right-trim the string by

specifying the size of VARCHAR: SQL Server: -- Get Mon DD YYYY format using CAST SELECT CAST(GETDATE() AS VARCHAR(11)); # Jul 20 2012 Using CONVERT function in SQL Server, you can specify different output formats. You can map an Oracle TO_CHAR format to SQL Server CONVERT style as follows: Oracle

TO_CHAR Format SQL Server CONVERT Data Type SQL Server CONVERT Style 1 YYYY-MM-DD VARCHAR(10) 20, 21, 120, 121, 126 and 127 2 YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS VARCHAR(19) 20, 21, 120 and 121 3 YYYYMMDD VARCHAR(8) 112 4 YYYYMM VARCHAR(6) 112 5 YYMM VARCHAR(4) 12 6 YYYY VARCHAR(4) 112 7

YYYY/MM/DD VARCHAR(10) 111 8 HH24:MI VARCHAR(5) 8, 108, 14 and 114 9 HH24:MI:SS VARCHAR(8) 8, 108, 14 and 114 Conversion examples: Oracle SQL Server 1 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD') CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 20) 2 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')

CONVERT(VARCHAR(19), GETDATE(), 20) 3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYYMMDD') CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 112) 4 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYYMM') CONVERT(VARCHAR(6), GETDATE(), 112) 5 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYMM') CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), GETDATE(), 12) 6 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY')

CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), GETDATE(), 112) CONVERT(VARCHAR, DATEPART(YEAR, GETDATE())) CONVERT(VARCHAR, YEAR(GETDATE())) 7 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM/DD') CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 111) 8 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH24:MI') CONVERT(VARCHAR(5), GETDATE(), 8) 9

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH24:MI:SS') CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 8) SQLines offers services and tools to help you migrate databases and applications. For more information, please contact us at support@. Written by Dmitry Tolpeko, dmtolpeko@ - August 2013 (Updated). In Oracle, TO_DATE function

converts a string value to DATE data type value using the specified format. In SQL Server, you can use CONVERT or TRY_CONVERT function with an appropriate datetime style. Oracle: -- Specify a datetime string and its exact format SELECT TO_DATE('2012-06-05', 'YYYY-MM-DD') FROM dual; SQL Server: -- Specify a datetime

string and style 102 (ANSI format), raises an error if conversion fails SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012-06-05', 102); -- TRY_CONVERT available since SQL Server 2012 (returns NULL if conversion fails) SELECT TRY_CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012-06-05', 102); Oracle TO_DATE to SQL Server conversion summary: Oracle SQL

Server Syntax TO_DATE(string, format) CONVERT(DATETIME, string, style) TRY_CONVERT(DATETIME, string, style) Default Format Specified by NLS_DATE_FORMAT Recognizes many formats Note that TRY_CONVERT function is available since SQL Server 2012. Last Update: Oracle 11g R2 and Microsoft SQL Server 2012

Oracle TO_DATE supports the following format specifiers: Oracle TO_DATE Format Specifier YYYY 4-digit year YY 2-digit year RRRR 4-digit or 2-digit year, 20th century used for years 00-49, otherwise 19th MON Abbreviated month (Jan - Dec) MONTH Month name (January - December) MM Month (1 - 12) DY Abbreviated day (Sun Sat) DD Day (1 - 31) HH24 Hour (0 - 23) HH or HH12 Hour (1 - 12) MI Minutes (0 - 59) SS Seconds (0 - 59) Unlike Oracle TO_DATE function that allows you to build any format string using format specifiers (YYYY and MM i.e.), in SQL Server, you have to use a datetime style that defines the format for the entire datetime string.

Fortunately, most applications use typical datetime formats in Oracle that can be easily mapped to a datetime format style in SQL Server. You can use both CONVERT and TRY_CONVERT functions to convert a string to a datetime value. CONVERT raises an error when it cannot recognize the format, while TRY_CONVERT returns

NULL in this case: SQL Server: -- Specify not valid datetime string SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, 'ABC'); # Msg 241, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 # Conversion failed when converting date and/or time from character string. SELECT TRY_CONVERT(DATETIME, 'ABC'); # NULL Note that when converting a string to datetime, both

CONVERT and TRY_CONVERT recognize ANSI/ISO datetime formats with various delimiters by default, so you do not need to specify a style for them. An ANSI/ISO format is year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds, fractional seconds (YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FFF) where trailing parts can be omitted so you can specify YYYY-MMDD, or YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI etc. SQL Server: -- ISO date formats with various delimiters recognized by default (year, month, day) SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012-06-30'); SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012/06/30'); SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012.06.30'); SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012-06-30 11:10');

SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012-06-30 11:10:09'); SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012-06-30 11:10:09.333'); SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012/06/30 11:10:09.333'); SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012.06.30 11:10:09.333'); -- ISO date without delimiters is also recognized SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME,

'20120630'); SQL Server also recognizes United States datetime format (month, day, year and time) by default, so you do not need to specify style 101: SQL Server: -- United States date formats with various delimiters recognized by default (month, day, year) SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '06-30-2012'); SELECT

CONVERT(DATETIME, '06/30/2012'); SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '06.30.2012'); SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '06-30-2012 11:10'); SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '06/30/2012 11:10:09'); SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '06.30.2012 11:10:09.333'); Also SQL Server recognizes the following formats by default: SQL Server

SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '17-FEB-2013'); # 2013-02-17 00:00:00.000 You can map an Oracle TO_DATE format to SQL Server CONVERT or TRY_CONVERT style as follows: Oracle TO_DATE Format SQL Server CONVERT and TRY_CONVERT Style 1 YYYY-MM-DD Default (no style specified), 101, 102, 110, 111, 20, 120, 21

and 121 2 YYYY/MM/DD Default, 101, 102, 110, 111, 20, 120, 21 and 121 3 YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS Default, 101, 102, 110, 111, 20, 120, 21 and 121 4 MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS Default and 101 5 DD-MON-YYYY Default, 106 and 113 Conversion examples: Oracle SQL Server 1 TO_DATE('2012-07-18', 'YYYY-MM-DD')

CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012-07-18') 2 TO_DATE('2012/07/18', 'YYYY/MM/DD') CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012/07/18') 3 TO_DATE('2012-07-18 13:27:18', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') CONVERT(DATETIME, '2012-07-18 13:27:18') 4 TO_DATE('07/18/2012 13:27:18', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS') CONVERT(DATETIME, '07/18/2012

13:27:18') 5 TO_DATE('17-FEB-2013', 'DD-MON-YYYY') CONVERT(DATETIME, '17-FEB-2013') SQLines offers services and tools to help you migrate databases and applications. For more information, please contact us at support@. Written by Dmitry Tolpeko - August 2013 (Updated).

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