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The Era of Jefferson Study Guide

I. Land Claims in North America in 1800

a. Oregon Territory/Northwest Territory

i. Russia: trading posts

ii. Spain: set up missions

iii. England: trade

iv. U.S: trade

b. Louisiana Territory / Great Plains

i. Native Americans clashed with American settlers

II. Thomas Jefferson Takes Office

a. Election of 1800: Republicans Take Charge. Marked peaceful transition of power

b. Bloodless Revolution: Jefferson takes over for Adams and along with Republicans in Congress make many changes

i. Increase power of states

ii. Reduce the size of federal government

iii. Decreased size of the military

iv. Allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire

c. Marbury v. Madison

i. Supreme Court ruled it had the power of Judicial Review (the Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional)

d. Louisiana Purchase

i. Purchased the Louisiana Territory, including important city of New Orleans from France for $15 million

ii. Jefferson approved the purchase, even though he was in favor of a strict interpretation of the Constitution

iii. Doubled the size of the United States

e. Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804 – 1806)

i. Explored and mapped the Louisiana Territory with help of Sacajawea

ii. Left from St. Louis and travelled as far west as the Columbia River

iii. Noted new plants and animals

f. Pike’s Expedition

i. Zebulon Pike explored the southern part of the Louisiana Territory

g. Allowed increased western settlement and exploration by pioneers moving west

III. A Time of Conflict

a. American Neutrality is Challenged

i. Jefferson’s Foreign Policy: Wanted to stay out of all affairs

ii. Barbary Wars

1. African nations attacked American ships. Jefferson sends Marines

b. Problems with England and France

i. England and France at war and seized American ships to steal supplies and prevent the other from trading

ii. Embargo Act: banned all foreign trade (hurt American trade and resulted in loss of jobs)

c. James Madison as President

i. War Hawks: Americans who demanded war with England

ii. Reasons to declare war

1. Impressment of U.S. sailors

2. British attacks on US trade

3. British support of Native Americans

4. US desire to control Canada

d. War of 1812

i. Bad Time for war

1. U.S: weakened military due to spending cuts

2. England: still fighting French in Europe so decide to blockade American ports instead of sending troops

ii. Battles and Events

1. British attack on Lake Erie, NY: American Victory

2. British defeat Napoleon in 1814 and turn full force on the US. British burned Washington, D.C. to the ground

a. Dolly Madison: saved important documents from the White House as her husband rallied the troops

3. Fort McHenry: Americans held the fort in Baltimore

a. Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner

4. Treaty of Ghent – Signed in 1814 – no clear victory

a. US became less reliant on foreign trade

b. Weakened Native Americans

c. Creates American nationalism

d. England recognizes American independence

5. The Battles of New Orleans

a. Fought two weeks after the war ended

b. Americans, led by General Andrew Jackson crush British

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