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AP Human GeographyEpidemiologic Transition96250154673500Medical researchers have identified an epidemiologic transition that focuses on distinct health threats in each stage of the demographic transition. Below are five different stages of epidemiologic transition. With your group, identify which epidemiologic stage goes with which stage of the demographic transition model including possible stage 5 and explain your reasoning. Epidemiologic Transition Stage: Degenerative Diseases Characterized by…Decrease in deaths from infectious diseases.Increase in chronic disorders associated with aging.Cardiovascular diseasesCancerExplain why you believe it is in that DTM stage.Epidemiologic Transition Stage: Infectious DiseasesEvolutionInfectious disease microbes evolve and establish a resistance to drugs and insecticides.Antibiotics and genetic engineering contributes to the emergence of new strains of viruses and bacteria.PovertyInfectious diseases are more prevalent in poor areas because of presence of unsanitary conditions and inability to afford drugs needed for treatment.Increased Connections Advancements in modes of transportation, especially air travel, makes it easier for an individual infected in one country to be in another country before exhibiting symptoms.Explain why you believe it is in that DTM stage.Epidemiologic Transition Stage: Receding Pandemic Pandemic is a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population. (ex: cholera) Factors that reduced spread of diseaseImproved sanitationImproved nutritionImproved medicineExplain why you believe it is in that DTM stage.Epidemiologic Transition Stage: Delayed Degenerative Diseases Characterized by…Deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases and cancer delayed because of modern medicine treatments.Explain why you believe it is in that DTM stage.Epidemiologic Transition Stage: Pestilence and Famine Principal cause of death: infectious and parasitic diseasesExplain why you believe it is in that DTM stage.Epidemiologic Transition ModelStage 1: Pestilence and Famine (High CDR)Principal cause of death: infectious and parasitic diseasesEx. black plague (bubonic plague)Stage 2: Receding Pandemic (Rapidly Declining CDR)Pandemic is a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.Factors that reduced spread of disease, during the industrial revolutionImproved sanitationImproved nutritionImproved medicineFamous cholera pandemic in London in mid nineteenth century.Why Do Some Face Health Threats?Stage 3: Degenerative Diseases (Moderately Declining CDR)Characterized by…Decrease in deaths from infectious diseases.Increase in chronic disorders associated with aging.Cardiovascular diseasesCancerStage 4: Delayed Degenerative Diseases (Low but Increasing CDR)Characterized by…Deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases and cancer delayed because of modern medicine treatments.?Infectious Diseases - Reasons for Possible Stage 5EvolutionInfectious disease microbes evolve and establish a resistance to drugs and insecticides.Antibiotics and genetic engineering contributes to the emergence of new strains of viruses and bacteria.PovertyInfectious diseases are more prevalent in poor areas because of presence of unsanitary conditions and inability to afford drugs needed for treatment.Increased Connections Advancements in modes of transportation, especially air travel, makes it easier for an individual infected in one country to be in another country before exhibiting symptoms.Regions Face Health ThreatsTypes of Infectious DiseasesMalaria – kills 1 million yearly; infects 300 million todayHIV/AIDS – has killed about 25 million in 30 years2 types of infectious diseases1. vectored disease2. nonvectored diseaseVectored DiseaseTransmitted by intermediary vector like mosquitoStings already infected person or animal (host), sucks up some blood with parasite, reproduces and multiplies in mosquito’s body, reaches its saliva, and then is injected into next person’s bloodstreamMosquitoes can spread yellow or dengue feverOther vectors include fleas, flies, worms, snails, etc.Transmit sleeping sickness, river blindness, guinea worm, elephantiasis, etc. Tropical areas are worseMalariaNo disease has taken more lives than malaria3000 people will die, most in Africa and children3-5 million lives shortened and weakened by malariaNonVectored DiseaseEx. InfluenzaTransmitted by direct contact between host and victimEx. AIDS – sex and needle-sharing ................
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