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Model Restaurant Efficiency Report
Prepared for J. Alex Tarquinio of the New York Times
Monday, October 29, 2007
RESTAURANT ASSUMPTIONS
Open 360 days/year
Building is in operation for 15 hours/day
Cooking/serving times is 10 hours/day
Size: 1800 square feet
Capacity: 25 seats
200 customers/day
Approximately 30% take-out business
BOSTON RATE ASSUMPTIONS
Electricity rate = $0.108/kwh
Gas rate = $0.9799/therm
Water rate = $52.10 / 1000 cubic feet
$6.966 / 1000 gallons
Sewer rate = $54.00 / 1000 cubic feet
$7.22 / 1000 gallons
USEFUL CONVERSION RATES
1 therm = 100,000 BTUs
29.299 kWh / therm
3413 BTUs / kWh
~1580 kWh / metric ton of carbon dioxide
DATA POINTS
Pre-rinse spray valve replacement
Faucet aerator replacement
Deep fryer replacement
Charbroiler replacement
Refrigerator replacement
Freezer replacement
Lighting replacements: CFLs / LEDs
Composting/Recycling
Hand dryer installation
In-store reusable mug program
Pre-rinse Spray Valve Replacement Cost Calculation
Purchase a low-flow pre-rinse spray valve retrofit to replace existing, conventional flow pre-rinse spray valve.
Cost: $53.00
Annual savings: $2238.11 (90,720 gallons water)
Payback period: less than 9 days
Annual CO2 Reduction: 18 metric tons of CO2 equivalent
Energy Saved - Original Unit of Measurement: 971 therms = 28,449 kWh
Assumptions
Old device flow rate = 2.6 gpm (gallons/minute)
New device flow rate (most efficient) = 1.2 gpm
Operating hours/day = 3 hours
Operating days/year = 360
Notes
These calculations do not account for rebates and/or tax incentives.
Faucet Aerator Replacement Cost Calculation
Purchase low-flow faucet aerator retrofits to replace existing, conventional faucet aerators.
Cost: $30
Annual savings: $2832.32 (172,800 gallons water)
Payback period: less than 4 days
Annual CO2 Reduction: 7.2 metric tons of CO2 equivalent
Energy Saved - Original Unit of Measurement: 388.8 therms = 11,392 kWh
Assumptions
2 kitchen sinks running 2 hours/day each
4 hand sinks running 0.5 hours/day each
Existing faucet aerators: 2.5 gpm
Low-flow retrofit: Kitchen – 1.5 gpm
Hand – 0.5 gpm
Notes
These calculations do not account for rebates and/or tax incentives.
Deep fryer (gas-fired) Replacement Cost Calculation
Choose high-efficiency gas-fired deep fryer over conventional base efficiency gas-fired deep fryer.
Cost differential: ~$3500
Annual savings: $791.75
Payback period: approximately 4.5 years
Annual CO2 Reduction: 15 metric tons of CO2 equivalent
Energy Saved - Original Unit of Measurement: 808 therms = 23,674 kWh
Assumptions
10 operating hours/day
360 operating day/year
150 lbs. food cooked per day
Conventional, base efficiency fryer = ~$3500
High efficiency fryer = ~$7000
Notes
These calculations do not account for rebates and/or tax incentives.
Charbroiler (gas-fired) Replacement Cost Calculation
Choose high-efficiency gas-fired charbroiler over conventional base efficiency gas-fired charbroiler.
Cost differential: ~$1500
Annual savings: $543.25
Payback period: approximately 2.75 years
Annual CO2 Reduction: 10 metric tons of CO2 equivalent
Energy Saved - Original Unit of Measurement: 554.4 therms = 16,243 kWh
Assumptions
10 operating hours/day
360 operating day/year
Conventional, base efficiency charbroiler: ~$2500
High efficiency charbroiler: ~$4000
Notes
These calculations do not account for rebates and/or tax incentives.
Refrigerator Replacement Cost Calculation
Choose high-efficiency refrigerator over conventional base efficiency refrigerator.
Cost differential: ~$400
Annual savings:
Tier 1 = $46.12
Tier 2 = $106.83
Payback period:
Tier 1 = over 8.5 years
Tier 2 = approximately 3.75 years
Annual CO2 Reduction:
Tier 1 = 0.27 metric tons of CO2 equivalent
Tier 2 = 0.63 metric tons of CO2 equivalent
Energy Saved - Original Unit of Measurement:
Tier 1 = 427.05 kWh
Tier 2 = 562.1 kWh
Assumptions
18 cubic foot, solid door refrigerator
California Energy Commission (CEC) standards
Tier 1 refrigerators: equal to Energy-Star rated.
Tier 2 refrigerators: 40% more efficient than Tier 1
24 operating hours/day
365 days/year
Notes
There is so much variability in models of refrigerators that it’s hard to compare “apples-to-apples” with Tier 1, Tier 2 and base models for pricing. In fact, there are Tier 2 models that cost less than Tier 1 models. However, they may be designed for different applications.
Very generally, however, it can be assumed that a Tier 1 or Tier 2 model will cost approximately $1800 and a base efficiency model will cost approximately $1400.
These calculations do not account for rebates and/or tax incentives.
Freezer Replacement Cost Calculation
Choose high-efficiency freezer over conventional base efficiency freezer.
Cost differential: ~$400
Annual savings:
Tier 1 = $33.90
Tier 2 = $135.21
Payback period:
Tier 1 = over 11.75 years
Tier 2 = approximately 3 years
Annual CO2 Reduction:
Tier 1 = 0.2 metric tons of CO2 equivalent
Tier 2 = 0.79 metric tons of CO2 equivalent
Energy Saved - Original Unit of Measurement
Tier 1 = 313.9 kWh
Tier 2 = 562.1 kWh
Assumptions
18 cubic foot, solid door freezer
California Energy Commission (CEC) standards
Tier 1 freezers: equal to Energy-Star rated.
Tier 2 freezers: 30% more efficient than Tier 1
24 operating hours/day
365 days/year
Notes
There is so much variability in models of freezers that it’s hard to compare “apples-to-apples” with Tier 1, Tier 2 and base models for pricing. In fact, there are Tier 2 models that cost less than Tier 1 models. However, they may be designed for different applications.
Very generally, however, it can be assumed that a Tier 1 or Tier 2 model will cost approximately $1800 and a base efficiency model will cost approximately $1400.
These calculations do not account for rebates and/or tax incentives.
Lighting Replacement Cost Calculations
Decorative Lighting
Replace 20, 50W halogen bulbs with 20, 1.5W LED modules in a standard track lighting system.
Cost: $425.60
Annual Savings: $643.38
Payback Period: 8 months
Annual CO2 Reduction: 3.31 metric tons of CO2 equivalent
Energy Saved - Original Unit of Measurement: 5,238 kWh
Assumptions
Lights operate for 15 hours each day, 360 days per year.
Restaurant has a track lighting system with 20, 50W bulbs.
Notes
These calculations do not account for rebates or other incentives
--------------------------------
Traditional Lighting
Replace 20, 60W incandescent bulbs throughout the restaurant (hallways, office space, sconces) with 20, 14W compact fluorescent lamps.
Cost: $110
Annual Savings: $567.14
Payback Period: 2.33 months
Annual CO2 Reduction: 0.16 metric tons CO2 equivalent
Energy Saved - Original Unit of Measurement: 248.4 kWh
Assumptions
Lights operate for 15 hours each day, 360 days per year.
Restaurant has 20, 60W incandescent bulbs.
Notes
These calculations do not account for rebates or other incentives.
Composting / Recycling Cost Calculation
Implement a comprehensive recycling system, which includes cardboard, paper, plastic, glass, aluminum, and organic food waste.
Cost: Nominal, if any
Annual Savings: $1,380
Payback Period: Immediate
Annual Waste Reduction: 50 tons
Assumptions
The restaurant generates 150,000 pounds of trash per year.
Notes
The only start-up costs are new in-store bins, outdoor containers and signage. Typically, the municipality or waste hauler provides the exterior containers and will often provide in-store bins and signage at no cost.
Hand Dryer Implementation Cost Calculation
Purchase two high efficiency hand dryers - one for the men’s restroom and one for the women’s restroom - to replace paper towel dispensers.
Cost: $1,415
Annual Savings: $2,651.01
Payback Period: 6.4 months
Annual Waste Reduction: 1,620 pounds of paper towels
Assumptions
200 customers per day, half of whom use the bathroom and wash hands.
Restaurant operates 360 days per year.
Notes
The cost includes installation but does not include cost of removing paper towel infrastructure.
These calculations do not account for rebates and/or tax incentives.
Reusable Cup Cost Calculation
Purchase reusable mugs to replace paper cups for dine-in customers.
Cost: $187.50
Annual Savings: $7,372.50
Payback Period: 9 days
Annual Waste Reduction: 1,474.2 pounds of solid waste
Assumptions
Restaurant already has excess dishwashing capacity so an increase in the amount of reusable items used does not have a significant impact on the amount of water and energy used to clean them.
Restaurant is open for 10 hours per day.
Restaurant has 200 customers per day, 30% of which is take-out so the remaining 70% receive reusable cups for beverages purchased.
Restaurant purchases 150 reusable cups.
Reusable cups have a lifetime of 1000 uses.
Store has additional storage space and does not need to pay to build shelves, cabinetry, etc.
All dine-in customers order a beverage in a reusable cup.
Take-out customers do not bring their own travel mugs to house their beverages.
Notes
The data points and assumptions used in this analysis come from the Report of the Starbucks Coffee Company / Alliance for Environmental Innovation Joint Task Force, which can be found at .
There are much larger savings that this analysis does not account for, such as reduced energy use and water and air pollution that result from manufacturing ceramics instead of plastic cups.
This analysis does not account for increased business as a result of increased customer satisfaction when a company institutes environmentally friendly practices.
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