ITP Steel: Energy Use in the U.S. Steel Industry: An Historical ...

ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. STEEL INDUSTRY: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES

September 2000

Dr. John Stubbles

Steel Industry Consultant

Mason, Ohio

prepared under contract to Energetics, Inc. Columbia, MD for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Industrial Technologies Washington, DC

ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. STEEL INDUSTRY: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES

September 2000

Dr. John Stubbles Steel Industry Consultant Mason, Ohio

prepared under contract to Energetics, Inc. Columbia, MD for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Industrial Technologies Washington, DC

DISCLAIMER

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

An Historical Perspective of Steel Industry Energy Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Average Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Good Practice Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Potential Energy Savings with Existing Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Potential Energy Savings through New Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Potential Energy Savings due to Structural Changes in the U.S. Steel Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Achievable Energy Savings in the U.S. Steel Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Carbon Equivalent and Carbon Dioxide Emissions by the U.S. Steel Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Energy Use in the U.S. Steel Industry

i

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