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Supplemental File 1. Pathogens identified in true bacteremic anismsNo.Escherichia coli 53 Klebsiella oxytoca2Staphylococcus aureus27Proteus vulgaris2Klebsiella pneumoniae22Streptococcus mitis2MRSA9Aeromonas hydrophila 1Bacteroides fragilis9Campylobacter jejuni1Enterococcus faecalis8Candida glabrata1Pseudomonas aeruginosa8Citrobacter freundii1ESBL-producing Escherichia coli 6Clostridium perfringens1Streptococcus pneumoniae7Clostridium spp.1Enterococcus faecium6Eikenera corrodens1Group G streptococcus6MRCNS1Group B streptococcus5Peptostreptococcus1Proteus mirabilis5Serratia marcescens1Helicobacter cinaedi.4Streptococcus bovis1α-streptococcus4Streptococcus oralis1Candida albicans3Staphylococcus simulans1Corynebacterium spp.3Lactobacillus and Streptococcus constellatus *1Staphylococcus epidermidis3Stenotrophomonas maltophilia3Staphylococcus aureus,Microaerobic streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Serratiamarcescens **1Bacillus cereus2Citrobacter koseri2Candida parapsilosis2Enterobacter aerogenes2Enterobacter cloacae 2MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ESBL: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamaseMRCNS: Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus*Two pathogens were identified from one blood culture.**Four pathogens were identified from one blood culture.Supplemental File 2. Definitive diagnosis of study patientsTrue bacteremia(n= 223)Non-Bacteremia(n= 1626)Urinary tract infection76162Bacterial pneumonia31370Abscess2742Catheter related bloodstream infection2226Cellulitis1060Osteomyelitis513Infective endocarditis (IE)46＊Upper respiratory tract infection14Bacterial tonsillitis9Pelvic inflammatory disease5Decubitus ulcer4Febrile neutropenia219Puncture-site infection in hemodialysis22Chorioamnionitis13Bacterial meningitis1Viral meningitis10Purulent arthritis15Malignant-associated fever49Connective tissue disease43Circulatory disease (without IE)21Drug fever12Interstitial pneumonia10Pseudogout6Heat stroke6Burn1Other infections8102Focus unknown33626*This result included a follow-up blood culture.Supplemental File 3. Interrater reliability of the evaluation of food consumption.RaterNo. of paired observationsKappa score(95% confidence interval)Nurse 1 vs. nurse 2 (Hospital A)990.83 (0.63 to 0.99)Nurse 3 vs. nurse 4 (Hospital B)1000.90 (0.80 to 0.99)Nurse 5 vs. nurse 6 (Hospital C)930.80 (0.67 to 0.92)Supplemental File 4. Further information about patients with true bacteremia with normal food consumption.GenderAge(years)Shaking chillsIdentified pathogenDefinitive diagnosisBackground1F62-Helicobacter cinaediUnknownJust before infusing chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma2M71-Candida albicansCRBSICentral venous catheter3M67-Staphylococcus aureusCRBSIParental venous catheter4M49-Staphylococcus aureusCRBSIHemodialysis catheter5F34-Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaCRBSIPeripherally inserted central catheter6F59-Streptococcus bovisIEPast history of ascending aorta replacement and endovascular aortic repair7M82-Enterococcus faecalisUTIPost TUR-P8M78-Escherichia coliUTIAcute urinary retention due to neurologic bladder 9M88-Klebsiella oxytocaUTIAcute urinary retention due to prostate cancer10M84-ESBL-producing Escherichia coliUTIAcute urinary retention due to prostate cancer11F65-Staphylococcus aureusOsteomyelitisTaking prednisolone 40mg/day for NMO12F65-Staphylococcus aureusOsteomyelitisFollowing culture of case No.1113F34-Group B streptococcusCAMPremature rupture of the membrane14F82+Proteus mirabilisUTIAcute obstructive pyelonephritis due to urolithiasis<Abbreviations>F: Female M: MaleESBL: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamaseCRBSI: Catheter related bloodstream infectionIE: Infective endocarditisUTI: Urinary tract infectionCAM: ChorioamnionitisTUR-P: Trans-urethral resection of the prostateNMO: Neuromyelitis optica ................
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