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AP PSYCHOLOGY 2020 - 21February 9, 2021Today’s Agenda (Day 106)HOMEWORK CHECK Notes: Module 55 CLASS ACTIVITY: BEGIN: Unit 10Module 55 – Freud’s Psychoanalytic PerspectiveModule 56 – Psychodynamic Theories and Modern Views of the UnconsciousModule 57 – Humanistic TheoriesModule 58 – Trait TheoriesModule 59 - Social-Cognitive Theories and Exploring the Self HOMEWORK:READ: Unit 10 – PersonalityACTIVITY: Bucket List – see p. 4 of documentCOMPLETE: Unit 10 Vocabulary & Notes Module 55-Feb9, Mod 56-Feb10; Mod 57-Feb11; Mod 58-Feb12; Mod59-Feb13STUDY: Unit 9 Test use “Fact of Falsehoods” for reviewUnit 10behavioral approachcollective unconsciousCollectivismDefense mechanismsEgoEmpirically derived testFalse consensus effectFixationFree associationHumanistic theoriesIdIdentificationIndividualismMinnesota Multiphasic Personality InventoryNarcissismOedipus ComplexPersonalityPersonality inventoryPositive psychologyProjective testpsychoanalysisPsychodynamic theoriesPsychosexual stagesReciprocal determinismRepressionRorschach inkblot testSelfSelf-actualizationSelf-conceptSelf-efficacySelf-esteem Self-serving biasSocial-cognitive perspectiveSpotlight effectSuperegoTerror-management theoryThematic apperception testTraitUnconditional positive regardunconsciousREMINDERS:TEST: Unit 9 February 10, 2021 Date Postponed!ACTIVITY: Bucket List – Feb. 10Unit 10 Vocabulary – Feb.11PRESENTATION: Bucket List – Feb. 12TEST: Unit 10 February 22, 2021AP PSYCHOLOGY 2020-21Class ActivityHandout 45-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. Regardless of culture, humans share the same life cycle. T F 2. In some cultures, infants sit up first and then crawl while in others they crawl before sitting up. T F 3. People’s personalities tend to remain stable over the course of their lives. T F 4. The first two years of life provide a good basis for predicting a person’s eventual personality traits. T F 5. If a mother drinks heavily during pregnancy, her baby will be mentally handicapped. T F 6. Newborns see only a blur of meaningless light and dark shades. T F 7. A heartbeat can be detected as early as 8 weeks into a pregnancy. Handout 46-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. Before age 2, infants cannot think. T F 2. A use-it-or-lose-it pruning process in the brain shuts down unused links and strengthens others as babies develop. T F 3. Memories before age 5 are formulated differently, making them almost impossible to remember as adults. Handout 47-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. A young child often believes that the sun rises in the morning to wake her up. T F 2. Very young babies seem to live in the present where “out of sight” is “out of mind.” T F 3. Studies have shown that babies understand basic math. T F 4. Young children are pretty good at taking other people’s perspective on thing. T F 5. Autism Spectrum Disorder affects more girls than boys. Handout 48-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. Infants initially develop close attachments to their mothers, merely because mothers provide nourishment. T F 2. Most abusive parents were themselves battered or neglected as children. T F 3. Children – unlike ducklings – do not imprint on their mothers. T F 4. Children’s anxiety over separation from their parents peaks at around 13 months. T F 5. Children in daycare experience issues with attachment to their parents. T F 6. Children recognize their faces in a mirror as early as 4 months old. T F 7. Permissive parents have children with the highest self-esteem, self-reliance, and social competence. T F 8. Most cultures believe that babies co-sleeping with the parents is not a good idea. Handout 49-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. The average woman enters puberty 2 years earlier and lives 5 years longer than the average man. T F 2. Women are slightly more likely to display relational aggression, such as gossiping, than men. T F 3. When people interact, men are more likely to express support while women are more likely to express opinions. T F 4. In a study in New Zealand, people could correctly guess the gender of the author of emails two-thirds of the time. Handout 50-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. Rats raised in an enriched environment developed heavier and thicker brain cortices. T F 2. Parental influence is not as important to development as previously thought. T F 3. Children will adapt their accent to that of their peers. T F 4. Teens who smoke typically have friends who also smoke. Handout 51-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. Boys who mature early are more popular than their later-maturing peers, but they also are more likely to abuse alcohol and engage in delinquent behavior. T F 2. The frontal lobes of the brain mature after maturation in the limbic system, which explains why teenagers often have emotional outbursts that might be inappropriate. T F 3. The US Supreme Court has deemed it appropriate for adolescents to be charged and sentenced the same as adults when they commit violent crimes. T F 4. Some psychologists believe the highest moral level is experienced when we uphold rules and laws of society. Handout 52-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. The key task of adolescence is to find a romantic partner they want to marry. T F 2. American girls experience a rise in depression during their teen years. T F 3. Teens who feel close to their parents tend to be healthy and happy and do well in school. T F 4. The average age of marriage has increased by 4 years since 1960. Handout 53-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. Males do not develop into males until about seven weeks after conception. T F 2. The CDC has found that almost 40% of sexually experienced teenaged girls in the US has a sexually transmitted infection. T F 3. A person can only get a sexually transmitted infection from intercourse. T F 4. Compared to European teens, American teens have higher rates of STIs and teen pregnancy. T F 5. Teens who participate in volunteering or service learning have lower rates of pregnancy. T F 6. Surveys suggest that 3% of men and 1-2% of women report being homosexual. T F 7. Same-sex relationships only happen with humans, not other animals. Handout 54-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. Older people experience such a decline in physical abilities that they report dissatisfaction with their lives in general. T F 2. Exercise can slow aging. T F 3. People over 65 are more susceptible to cancer and pneumonia, but less susceptible to the common cold. T F 4. Older people are better at remembering meaningful information than younger people. T F 5. Worldwide, only 5 out of 10 heterosexual adults marry. T F 6. The biggest regret people commonly report is that they did not take their education seriously enough. T F 7. All people go through distinct stages of grief after losing a loved one. Module 54 Student Activity: The Bucket List Concept: With the release of the 2007 movie The Bucket List starring Morgan Freeman and Jack Nicholson, the idea of having a list of adventures to experience before death has become part of mainstream culture. The contents of a bucket list may indicate a person’s priorities and their level of well-being. Description: Have students create a bucket list of activities they would like to accomplish in their lives. [You will create a concrete graphic to depict your bucket list (no less than 25 items and would entail a lifetime to potentially complete!!). Must be visually stimulating, neat, demonstrative of high school level work and thought. A short presentation will be expected.]EXTENSION: Ask your parents or grandparents what activities they would like to experience. Students can then compare their lists to their parents/grandparents. Have them list the items that are similar and different. Handout 55-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. Sigmund Freud is responsible for popularizing many terms we use today like repression, denial, and regression. T F 2. Freud used free association (saying whatever comes to your mind) as an alternative to hypnosis. T F 3. Freud believed that people should forget about past experiences and focus on the present. T F 4. Freud believed that we are born with basic aggressive and sexual drives that demand immediate gratification. T F 5. Freud believed that people who intensely dislike someone else actually feel love for that person. T F 6. Freud believed that young boys (ages 3–6 years) have a strong love for their mothers and feel threatened by their fathers.Handout 56-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. All of Freud’s students have faithfully upheld his notions about repressed childhood sexual feelings and the unconscious mind. T F 2. Psychodynamic psychologists use traditional multiple choice tests to assess personality. T F 3. Clients who see images of demons and other supernatural beings in inkblots have definitely experienced childhood sexual abuse. T F 4. Nothing about our conscious experience is influenced by our unconscious thoughts and processes. T F 5. People do tend to see their foibles and attitudes in others.Handout 57-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. Humanistic psychology focuses mostly on how animal behavior is similar to human behavior. T F 2. Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow believed that people can go without food and still feel love and appreciate beauty. T F 3. Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers believed that people just need to listen to the advice of their therapist to get better. T F 4. Humanistic psychologists believed that studying healthy people was just as important as studying people with mental illness.Handout 58-1: Fact or FalsehoodT F 1. Psychologists are pretty sure that people exhibit only 6 different personality traits. T F 2. Studies show that extroverts seek stimulation because their brain arousal is relatively low. T F 3. Palm reading, astrological readings, and graphology (handwriting analysis) have all shown to have no correlation to personality or behavior. T F 4. Shy introverts are more likely to desire communication via email than face-to-face. T F 5. Research has consistently shown that personality traits are stable regardless of the situation people are facing. T F 6. People are less likely to show their true personality traits in unfamiliar situations than in familiar ones. Handout 59-1: Fact or Falsehood T F 1. Biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences all play a role in how we will behave at any given moment. T F 2. Most football fans are excessively optimistic about their own team’s success, thinking they will be successful 2 out of 3 times. T F 3. Positive psychology’s research is really only focused on what makes people happy. T F 4. People are most overconfident when they are most incompetent. T F 5. Some of the best tests of personality occur in simulations where real-world situations are experienced. T F 6. “Self-esteem” and “self-efficacy” are synonyms and are interchangeable. T F 7. People with low self-esteem are more likely to disparage others. T F 8. People accept more responsibility for good deeds than for bad deeds. T F 9. Some narcissists disparage themselves in order to get compliments from others. T F 10. Individualists never seek being a part of a group. T F 11. Successful Olympic athletes from collectivist cultures given credit to their coaches and supporters over their own abilities or drive.Handout 55-2 Issues in Personality Directions: Indicate the extent to which you agree with each of the following statements using the following response scale. Place the appropriate number in the blank before each item. 1 = strongly disagree 2 = disagree 3 = neutral 4 = agree 5 = strongly agree _____ 1. Events that occurred during childhood have no effect on one’s personality in adulthood. _____ 2. Sexual adjustment is easy for most people. _____ 3. Culture and society have evolved as ways to curb human beings’ natural aggressiveness. _____ 4. Little boys should not become too attached to their mothers. _____ 5. It is possible to deliberately “forget” something too painful to remember. _____ 6. People who chronically smoke, eat, or chew gum have some deep psychological problems. _____ 7. Competitive people are no more aggressive than noncompetitive people. _____ 8. Fathers should remain somewhat aloof to their daughters. _____ 9. Toilet training is natural and not traumatic for most children. _____ 10. The phallus is a symbol of power. _____ 11. A man who dates a woman old enough to be his mother has problems. _____ 12. There are some women who are more interested in demeaning men than loving them. _____ 13. Dreams merely replay events that occurred during the day and have no deep meaning. _____ 14. There is something wrong with a woman who dates a man who is old enough to be her father. _____ 15. A student who wants to postpone an exam by saying “My grandmother lied . . . er, I mean died,” should probably be allowed the postponement. Handout 55-3 Defense Mechanisms Directions: Next to each of the statements below, indicate with the appropriate letter the defense mechanism that is illustrated. Use the following code. A. Repression B. Regression C. Reaction Formation D. Rationalization E. Displacement F. Sublimation G. Projection_____ 1. Even a top baseball player will sometimes strike out on an easy pitch. When this happens, his next action may be to throw his bat or kick the water cooler with all his might. _____ 2. Soldiers exposed to traumatic experiences in concentration camps during wartime sometimes had amnesia and were unable to recall any part of their ordeal. _____ 3. The mother of an unwanted child may feel guilty about not welcoming her child. As a result, she may try to prove her love by becoming overindulgent and overprotective of the child. _____ 4. Mrs. Brown often accuses other women of talking too much and spreading rumors. It is rather obvious to those who know her that she is revealing her own inclinations in that area. _____ 5. Paul, an aggressive child, had problems in elementary school, as he would frequently fight with other children. Paul found when he entered high school that he could channel this hostility into sports such as football and soccer. _____ 6. The habitual drinker may insist that he really doesn’t care much for the taste of alcohol but feels that he is obliged to drink with friends “just to be sociable.” _____ 7. Mrs. James can’t understand why her husband has been so grumpy and irritable for the past week. It certainly isn’t her fault that he didn’t receive the anticipated promotion at the factory. _____ 8. Parents might be reassured to know that children who pull wings off flies and jab pins in the dog may eventually find their niche in the areas of dentistry or surgery. _____ 9. Mike is always trying to impress his pals with how strong and independent he has become. However, when Mike has social or emotional problems, he still wants his dad to figure out the solution. _____ 10. A student forgot that his dreaded final exam in geometry was scheduled for Friday. This seemed unusual as the date of the exam had been marked on his calendar for several weeks. _____ 11. A boy will sometimes react against the strong sexual attraction that he feels toward girls by becoming a confirmed “woman hater.” _____ 12. The majority group of a culture may blame all the various ills of society on a small minority group. This is a process termed “scapegoating” and is a factor in racial and religious prejudice. _____ 13. The individual who actually likes to have others do things for him may be quick to criticize other people for being dependent and lazy. _____ 14. James Riley has suffered heavy financial losses recently while playing the stock market. Upon trading his big luxury car for an old small car, Jim informed his associates that he bought the cheaper car to do his part in the battle against air pollution._____ 15. David Walters recently lost his executive position in a large corporation. Rather than seek a new job, David finds comfort and escape through drinking, as alcohol helps him forget the details of being fired. _____ 16. Tory is apt to become annoyed when he recalls his earlier conviction as a Peeping Tom. Tory has left his sordid past behind and now is a busy photographer for Playboy magazine. _____ 17. Joan has discovered an amazing coincidence in relation to her attendance at school. Every time a test in Spanish is scheduled, she oversleeps and arrives at school too late for the class. _____ 18. Reformers may conduct campaigns against pornographic literature in order to fight their own erotic interest in such material. They campaign to convince others of their own purity and goodness. _____ 19. Margaret is convinced that she received a “C” in her chemistry class instead of an “A” because of widespread cheating by her fellow students. She is sure that she must be as capable in the chemistry course as in her other subjects. _____ 20. The young wife, after a bitter conflict with her husband, gives up her marriage as a failure and returns to the home of her parents. She again takes on the role of the dependent child who expects unlimited love and indulgence. _____ 21. The high school teacher was criticized by the principal for having a disruptive class. When the teacher got home that night, he argued with his wife and kicked the dog. _____ 22. Adults who were sexually molested during childhood often report that all the details of the painful episode have been forgotten. _____ 23. It is possible that smokers have graduated from earlier stages of thumb-sucking and pencil-chewing, neither of which would be acceptable behavior in adult society. Smoking is a socially acceptable outlet for the oral need. _____ 24. The woman with a strong sexual drive may feel that most other women exhibit flirtatious behavior or wear revealing clothes._____ 25. After John was rejected by the admissions office at Yale, he claimed that he wouldn’t enjoy attending such a large school anyway. Besides, he might receive higher grades at a smaller local college. _____ 26. Mary has secretly disliked her mother since she was a young child. As these feelings arouse anxiety, Mary usually tells friends that she loves her mother very much. _____ 27. Roger is a heavy drinker but has managed to keep this behavior a secret from his friends. He is sure that most people actually drink as much as he does. _____ 28. One psychological theory holds that the desire for sexual gratification, if frustrated or blocked, may eventually find expression in painting or the writing of poetry. _____ 29. A number of psychologists believe that social crusaders who advocate ................
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