CHAPTER 3: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES & PROPERTIES - University of Notre Dame
CHAPTER 3: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES & PROPERTIES
Metallic Crystals
? tend to be densely packed.
? have several reasons for dense packing: -Typically, only one element is present, so all atomic radii are the same. -Metallic bonding is not directional. -Nearest neighbor distances tend to be small in order to lower bond energy.
? have the simplest crystal structures.
We will look at three such structures...
Cubic Unit Cells
a
2R
SIMPLE CUBIC STRUCTURE (SC)
BODY CENTERED CUBIC STRUCTURE (BCC)
FACE CENTERED CUBIC STRUCTURE (FCC)
Simple Cubic (SC) Structure
? Coordination number is the number of nearest neighbors ? Linear density (LD) is the number of atoms per unit length
along a specific crystallographic direction
. a3
a1 . .a2
Coordination number = 6
LD110 = 1 atoms/22 R LD100= 1 atoms/2R
? Rare due to poor packing (only Po [84] has this structure) ? Close-packed directions are cube edges.
Atomic Packing Factor (APF)
? APF for a simple cubic structure = 0.52
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