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4464203-315245Similes – expresses the sadness of their fatigue, men aged before their time‘Knock-kneed’ – onomatopoeia and alliteration. Helps us hear the sound. Suggests a staggering, faltering march.Cursed and trudge = strong verb. Men at breaking point trudging through mud. Their walk is difficult and taxing on them.Haunting flares = images of men walking beneath the flares used to light the battlefield. Haunting suggests ghostlike and deathly. Perhaps something that will stay with them and ‘haunt’ them.Blood-shod – metaphor - shod is a term used for horse shoes. Suggests barely human men with bloodied feet. Image links to the word ‘lame,’ which is another word used for horses.Repetition of ‘all’: highlights the devastated effects of war on human beings.Deaf = highlights that they are disorientated, their senses are desensitised.Drunk with fatigue – reflects the soldier’s trancelike state, extreme tiredness, sense of loss of clarity.Five-Nines = explosive shellsA sudden change of tone. Short, sharp words with exclamation marks stress the panic and speed that the men must react with. Ecstasy suggests relief at the fitting of the mask.But (a conjunction) – shows a very real effect of war. Not everyone is lucky.Lime = caustic substance used to disintegrate matter. Often used in burials.Floundering = imagery of the man’s pain as he inhales the gas.Misty panes = the goggles of the gas masks.Drowning = strong visual image of a man overcome.00Similes – expresses the sadness of their fatigue, men aged before their time‘Knock-kneed’ – onomatopoeia and alliteration. Helps us hear the sound. Suggests a staggering, faltering march.Cursed and trudge = strong verb. Men at breaking point trudging through mud. Their walk is difficult and taxing on them.Haunting flares = images of men walking beneath the flares used to light the battlefield. Haunting suggests ghostlike and deathly. Perhaps something that will stay with them and ‘haunt’ them.Blood-shod – metaphor - shod is a term used for horse shoes. Suggests barely human men with bloodied feet. Image links to the word ‘lame,’ which is another word used for horses.Repetition of ‘all’: highlights the devastated effects of war on human beings.Deaf = highlights that they are disorientated, their senses are desensitised.Drunk with fatigue – reflects the soldier’s trancelike state, extreme tiredness, sense of loss of clarity.Five-Nines = explosive shellsA sudden change of tone. Short, sharp words with exclamation marks stress the panic and speed that the men must react with. Ecstasy suggests relief at the fitting of the mask.But (a conjunction) – shows a very real effect of war. Not everyone is lucky.Lime = caustic substance used to disintegrate matter. Often used in burials.Floundering = imagery of the man’s pain as he inhales the gas.Misty panes = the goggles of the gas masks.Drowning = strong visual image of a man overcome.Dulce et Decorum estBent double, like old beggars under sacks,Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,Till on the haunting flares we turned our backsAnd towards our distant rest began to trudge.Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots,But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind;Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hootsOf tired, outstripped Five-Nines that dropped behind. Gas! GAS! Quick, boys! – An ecstasy of fumbling,Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time;But someone still was yelling out and stumblingAnd flound'ring like a man in fire or lime . . .Dim through the misty panes and thick green light,As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. 416465831597Present tense = suggests that the nightmares are continuing for the poet.Dreams = linked to nightmares. Ongoing. A nightmarish scene to watch. Horrific and cruel.Plunges = strong verb. Suggests the sheer desperation of the soldier.Choking = onomatopoeic, mimics the sounds and actions of the scene.You = personal pronoun to engage and direct the comment at the reader.-Flung = strong verb. Does it suggest a lack of care or respect? Or a desperation?Writhing – suggests unbearable pain, writhing in agonyYou = used again to direct it at the reader and places them in the poets position. Challenges their beliefs of war.Froth-corrupted lungs = a very strong visual image, highly graphic. Sounds diseased.Similes = these comparisons stress that far from being ‘good and “sweet”’, war is horrific.The dash provides a pause before the poet officially addresses the reader.My Friend – sarcastic? Mocking? Angry?Children = the word choice highlights that the young ones sent to die in war are innocents, not aware of the reality of battle.Punctuation – the word ‘Lie’ is capitalised. The capital letter stresses its accepted position in society. Also draws attention to the word itself. The short sentence contrasts with the long Latin lie itself.The poem finishes with a half-line – does this stress the idea of a lie? A half truth?00Present tense = suggests that the nightmares are continuing for the poet.Dreams = linked to nightmares. Ongoing. A nightmarish scene to watch. Horrific and cruel.Plunges = strong verb. Suggests the sheer desperation of the soldier.Choking = onomatopoeic, mimics the sounds and actions of the scene.You = personal pronoun to engage and direct the comment at the reader.-Flung = strong verb. Does it suggest a lack of care or respect? Or a desperation?Writhing – suggests unbearable pain, writhing in agonyYou = used again to direct it at the reader and places them in the poets position. Challenges their beliefs of war.Froth-corrupted lungs = a very strong visual image, highly graphic. Sounds diseased.Similes = these comparisons stress that far from being ‘good and “sweet”’, war is horrific.The dash provides a pause before the poet officially addresses the reader.My Friend – sarcastic? Mocking? Angry?Children = the word choice highlights that the young ones sent to die in war are innocents, not aware of the reality of battle.Punctuation – the word ‘Lie’ is capitalised. The capital letter stresses its accepted position in society. Also draws attention to the word itself. The short sentence contrasts with the long Latin lie itself.The poem finishes with a half-line – does this stress the idea of a lie? A half truth?In all my dreams before my helpless sight,He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. If in some smothering dreams, you too could paceBehind the wagon that we flung him in,And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin;If you could hear, at every jolt, the bloodCome gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cudOf vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues, –My friend, you would not tell with such high zestTo children ardent for some desperate glory,The old Lie: Dulce et decorum estPro patria mori. ................
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