Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable ...

Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Data Booklet

Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda

for Sustainable Development ? Data Booklet

Target 3.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) calls on countries "by 2030, to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes". Living up to the commitment of the international community to achieve universal access to reproductive health by 2030 requires the monitoring of key family planning indicators.

Trends in contraceptive prevalence and need for family planning satisfied with modern methods indicate where increased investments and commitments by governments and international organizations are needed for the realization of reproductive rights for all people, and to help fulfil the pledge of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that "no one will be left behind".

Data presented in this booklet are based on the Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2019, which includes estimates at the global, regional and country level of contraceptive prevalence, unmet need for family planning and SDG indicator 3.7.1 "Proportion of women who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods".

This work was supported, in part, by Grants No. OPP1110679 and OPP1183453, Making Family Planning Count, from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Suggested citation: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Data Booklet. (ST/ESA/ SER.A/429).

Copyright ? 2019 by United Nations, made available under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) . org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/

Front cover photo: "Women can reach their goals because they are enabled to do what they plan to do" by Sheena Ariyapala/DFID--UK Department for International Development. 2017. ( album-72157684273218081/) used under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0, cropped from original.

Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Data Booklet

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Family planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Expanding access to contraception and ensuring that demand for family planning is satisfied using effective contraceptive methods are essential for achieving universal access to reproductive health-care services, as called for in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The 2030 Agenda reaffirms the commitments made in the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), adopted by 179 governments in Cairo, Egypt in 1994. The ICPD Programme of Action recognized the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health. While much progress has been achieved in expanding access to contraception since 1994, significant challenges persist.

Many of the 17 SDGs and 169 targets of the 2030 Agenda are related to women's and girl's empowerment, gender equality and health. While family planning is important to attain most of the goals, specific references to family planning are included in Goal 3 on guaranteeing good health and well-being for all and in Goal 5 on promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls.

The Population Division is the custodian agency of SDG indicator 3.7.1 "Proportion of women who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods", which captures the family planning component of SDG target 3.7 "By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes". The Division compiles all available national data for this indicator, prepares regional and global aggregates and analyses progress in implementation. The Division also works with countries to strengthen the data collection and reporting of the indicator, improve national statistical capacities and increase compliance with internationally agreed standards.

To promote healthy lives and well-being for all by 2030, States should continue and amplify their efforts to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health. The evidence presented in this Data Booklet supports recent calls to increase investments in family planning, especially in the regions of the world where contraceptive prevalence and the demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods are still low, and the growth in the number of women of reproductive age is rapid. Access to family planning is not only related to women's reproductive rights and the reduction of unintended pregnancies, but also to improved health and nutritional status of children, brought about by longer birth spacing and the reduction in maternal mortality. Redefining the global strategy for achieving universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services and identifying possible avenues for improved access is important to guarantee and improve the progress of countries that are most in need.

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Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Data Booklet

Both the need for family planning and the use of modern contraceptive methods have increased globally

Figure 1. Number of women using modern and traditional contraceptive methods, having unmet need for family planning and no need for family planning, 2000 and 2019

Modern methods

Traditional methods

Unmet Need

No Need

2000

660

82 156

675

2019

Among the 1.9 billion women of reproductive age (15-49 years) living in the world in 2019, 1.1 billion have a need for family planning, that is, they are either current users of contraceptives or have an unmet need for family planning. Of these 1.1 billion women, 842 million are users of modern methods of contraception and 80 million are users of traditional methods of contraception.

In 2019, 190 million women of reproductive age worldwide who want to avoid pregnancy do not use any contraceptive method, up from 156 million in 2000. The proportion of women with unmet need for family planning1 stands currently at 10 per cent, a proportion that has remained unchanged since 2000. The proportion of women who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods (SDG indicator 3.7.1) has increased from 74 to 76 per cent from 2000 to 2019.2

842

80 190

790

0

500

1000

1500

Number of women (millions)

Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2019

1 These women are considered to have an unmet need for family planning, which is defined as the number of women that want to stop or delay childbearing but are not using any method of contraception to prevent pregnancy, including also pregnant women whose pregnancies were unwanted or mistimed at the time of conception, and postpartum amenorrhoeic women who are not using family planning and whose last birth was unwanted or mistimed. 2 The indicator is defined as the number of women who are currently using, or whose sexual partner is currently using, at least one modern contraceptive method as a proportion of the number of women of reproductive age who are either using any method of contraception or having an unmet need for family planning.

Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Data Booklet

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The proportion of women who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern contraceptive methods remains low in sub-Saharan Africa

Significant disparities remain in the need for family planning satisfied with modern methods across countries and regions. In sub-Saharan Africa, only slightly more than half (55 per cent) of the need for family planning is being met with modern methods. Less than half of the need is met with modern methods in 42 countries or areas, including 23 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Less than a quarter of the need is satisfied with modern methods in Chad, Somalia and South Sudan.

Figure 2. Estimates of the demand for family planning satisfied by modern contraceptive methods among women aged 15-49 years, 2019

*

*

*

*

Demand satisfied with modern methods (%)

75-92 50-75 25-50 7-25

*

* *************

* * *

*

* *

* **

* *

* *

*

*

*

*

*

Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2019. Note: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). Countries or areas with 90,000 inhabitants or more in 2017, but surface area less than 30,000 km2 are displayed with circles coloured according to their statistical values.

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Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Data Booklet

The population of women of reproductive age is projected to grow rapidly through 2030 in countries with the largest gaps in meeting the need for family planning

Many countries with low levels of demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods are projected to witness rapid growth in the population of women aged 15 to 49 years through 2030. These countries are located mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. The rapid growth of the population of women of reproductive age will create additional challenges in expanding family planning services to keep pace with the growing demand.

Figure 3. Change in the population of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) between 2019 and 2030, by the estimated proportion of women who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods in 2019

Data sources: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2019. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. Note: The size of the circles is proportional to the number of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in 2019.

Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Data Booklet

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Low and lower-middle-income countries have the largest gaps in meeting the need for family planning

Among the 42 countries with less than half of the demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods in 2019, 32 are low and lower-middle-income countries. At the same time, there are several low and lower-middle-income countries, including Bangladesh, Malawi, Nepal, Rwanda and Zimbabwe, in which the proportion of women who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods is above 60 per cent in 2019.

Figure 4. Estimates of the proportion of women who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods in 2019 by gross national income per capita in 2016

Data sources: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2019. World Bank (2017), World Development Indicators, GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$). Note: Countries with missing GNI per capita are located in the average GNI per capita of the corresponding income group (n=21). Countries with no income group classification and no GNI per capita (n=6) are not displayed in the figure. The size of the circles is proportional to the number of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in 2019.

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Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Data Booklet

The prevalence of modern and traditional contraceptive methods varies greatly across countries

Much variation exists across countries, and within the same region, in the percentage of women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) using modern methods. In sub-Saharan Africa, Eswatini and Namibia (both 52 per cent) have the highest levels of modern contraceptive prevalence in 2019, while South Sudan (4 per cent) and Chad (6 per cent) have the lowest. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the highest values are in Cuba (69 per cent) and Brazil (63 per cent) and the lowest are in Bolivia (31 per cent) and Haiti (25 per cent). More than 1 in every 10 women of reproductive age use a traditional method, not in combination with a modern method. This is the case in 21 countries, including 8 countries in Europe, 7 in Asia, 4 in sub-Saharan Africa and 2 in Latin America and the Caribbean. The country with the highest proportion of women in the world using traditional methods is Albania (25 per cent).

Figure 5a. Estimates of the proportion of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) using modern or traditional contraceptive methods, having unmet need for family planning or no need for family planning by country, 2019

Latin America and the Caribbean

100

Europe and Northern America

Northern Africa and Western Asia

Percentage

75 No Need

Unmet Need

50

Traditional

methods

Modern

25

methods

0

Cuba Brazil Colombia Chile Ecuador Paraguay Argentina Uruguay Costa Rica Dominican Republic Puerto Rico Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. of) Peru Mexico Honduras Nicaragua Barbados El Salvador Panama St. Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Lucia Bahamas US Virgin Islands Suriname Antigua and Barbuda Belize Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Grenada Guatemala Guadeloupe Martinique Jamaica Trinidad and Tobago Guyana

Haiti Finland Canada United Kingdom Switzerland Norway Ireland France Denmark Netherlands United States of America Austria Portugal Belarus Sweden Bulgaria Belgium Germany

Latvia Spain

Italy Estonia Czechia Ukraine Romania Republic of Moldova Slovakia Greece Croatia

Serbia Slovenia Russian Federation

Malta Poland Hungary Lithuania TFYR Macedonia Bosnia and Herzegovina Montenegro Albania Turkey

Egypt Israel Armenia State of Palestine Morocco Kuwait Azerbaijan

Iraq Tunisia United Arab Emirates Georgia Bahrain Syrian Arab Republic Jordan Algeria

Qatar Lebanon

Yemen Oman Saudi Arabia Libya Sudan

Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2019.

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