PATHOLOGY - Chiropractic
PATHOLOGY
Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States of America?
Myocardial Infarction
Which of the following is characterized by incomplete expansion of the lungs or collapse of previously inflated lungs?
Atelectasis
Which of the following involves separation of the diaphragmatic crura & widening of the space between the muscular crura & the esophageal wall?
Hiatal Hernia
Which of the following is an autosomal recessive disorder marked by accumulation of toxic levels of copper in many tissue & organs, mostly in the liver, brain, & the eye?
Wilson’s Disease
Which of the following is a cancer of the connective tissue that usually spreads via the blood stream?
Sarcoma
Which of the following is a cancer of the epithelial tissue that usually spreads via the lymphatic system?
Carcinoma
Which of the following cells is produced predominately by an inflammatory response to Salmonella?
Neutrophil
What organism is the most common opportunist to infect AIDS patients?
Pneumocystis carni
Which of the following presents with a positive HLA-B-27 & increased risk of deformity?
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Toxic Megacolon is a complication of which of the following?
Ulcerative Colitis
Skip lesions are a characteristic of which of the following?
Krohn’s Disease
Aschoff bodies are characteristic of which of the following?
Rheumatic Fever
Pseudohypertrophy is most common in which of the following muscle disorders?
Duchanne’s Dystrophy
The most threatening effect of Guillian Barre is on which of the following muscles?
Respiratory
Dry eyes & mouth are symptoms of which of the following autoimmune diseases?
Sjogen’s Syndrome
Vascular tumors originate in which cell type?
Endothelial
Sequestra frequently accompany which of the following?
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
What is the primary mechanism of inflammatory edema?
Increased Permeability of the Capillary Wall
The most common sites for cardiac valvular vegetations are which of the following valves?
Aortic & Mitral Valves
Coccidiomycosis most commonly affects which organ?
Lung
Who is considered the father of pathology?
Pasteur
What characteristic is least suggestive of malignancy in a growing tumor?
Fibrous Capsule (usually benign)
Which of the following secrete both heparin & histamine?
Mast Cells
Carcinoma is least likely to metastasize where?
Skeletal Muscle
Which of the following affects both salivary & lacrimal ducts?
Sjogen’s
Which of the following is a common site for cardiac valvular vegetations?
Aortic Valve
Which leukemia has the Philadelphia Chromosome?
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Which of the following leads to decreased bone density?
Osteoporosis
A female with gonorrhea may pass it via delivery by which of the following?
Opthalmia Neonatorum
Which of the following has the best prognosis?
Astrocytoma
Which of the following is the most common malignant tumor of the intestines?
Adenosarcoma
Which of the following is a common site for cardiac valvular vegetations?
Mitral Valve
Which of the following is characteristic of a neoplasm?
It Cannot Return To Normal
Where are neoplasms most commonly formed?
Epithelium
Multiple myofibromas & café au-lait spots are associated with which of the following?
Von Recklinghausen’s
Which part of the spinal cord is most affected by myotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Anterior Horn
Which of the following are findings in a patient with tetralogy of fallot?
Pulmonary Stenosis & Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
What describes thrombophlebitis?
Venous Inflammation & Thrombus
What describes right side heart failure?
Distention of Neck Veins, Dependant Edema, Liver Enlargement
Systemic fibrosis is seen in which of the following?
Scleroderma
What organism is most responsible for pneumonia in AIDS patients?
Pneumocystic Carni
Which of the following immunoglobulins are associated with a Type II response?
IgG & IgM
Which of the following is a common cause of right side heart failure?
Left Side Heart Failure
Pernicious anemia is due to a lack of which of the following?
Intrinsic Factor
Which of the following disorders affects myoneural junction?
Myasthenia Gravis
Which arteries are involved in giant cell arteritis?
Temporal
T-helper cells are seen in which types of immunity?
Type IV
Presenile dementia is seen in which of the following?
Alzheimer’s Disease
A female with gonorrhea may pass it to the child when?
During Delivery
Which Leukemia is involved with the Philadelphia Chromosome?
CML
A person with Galactosemia should avoid which of the following?
Lactose (milk)
Pernicious anemia & lack of Vitamin B12 results in ______________.
Spinal Cord Degeneration
Which of the following causes pitting edema?
Congestive Heart Failure
What causes edema of flanks & fatty changes in the liver?
Alcoholism
Which of the following cause a cyanotic condition?
Dextroposition of the Aorta
The Philadelphia Chromosome is a risk factor for which Leukemia?
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Which of the following is a periosteal encasement of necrotic tissue?
Sequestrium
What are patients with asbestosis predisposed to?
Mesothelioma
A periosteal reaction described radiologically as a sunburst reaction is most common in which of the following?
Osteosarcoma
Which of the following is a degenerative disease that affects the cranial nerve nuclei?
Progressive Bulbar Palsy
Circulatory levels of which of the following increase during an acute inflammatory response?
Neutrophil
Which disease presents with chronic rheumatoid arthritis & splenomegally?
Felty’s Syndrome
What is an a.k.a. for Marie Strumpell’s Disease?
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Which of the following affects the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia & results in resting tremors?
Parkinson’s Disease
Megaloblastic anemia is caused by which vitamin deficiency?
Vitamin B12
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for an infant who develops projectile vomiting in the 1st 3 weeks of life?
Pyloric Stenosis
What is the most common benign tumor of the spine?
Hemangioma
What causes hoarseness associated with a carcinoma in the apex of the lung?
Laryngeal Nerve Damage
Which of the following substances is produced in the cells & increases inflammation due to tissue injury?
Histamine
What happens to a cell as a result of thyroid goiter?
Hyperplasia
Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is the most common in patients under 40?
Graves Disease
What are the 4 steps associated with thrombus?
1. Dissolving
2. Recanalization
3. Obstruction
4. Embolism
Which of the following does a lesion that has casious necrosis in the center surrounded by endothelial macrophages characterize?
TB
The release of histamine into the skin following cutaneous trauma causes which of the following?
Vasodialation of Arterioles (redness)
Which of the following occurs in a Keloid?
Hypertrophic Enlargement of Scar Tissue
Which of the following is classified as a benign neoplasm?
Lipoma
Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
What would a deficiency of Vitamin C most often affect?
Connective Tissue
Chronic alcoholism, which leads to Wernecke-Korsakoff Syndrome, causes what type of vitamin deficiency?
B1
Which of the following is a characteristic of Lyme’s Disease?
Bulls Eye Rash
Which of the following is associated with Kleinfelter’s Syndrome?
XXY Chromosome Abnormality
Which of the following is the most common degenerative disease of the joints?
Osteoarthritis (a.k.a. DJD)
Which of the following is associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Pannus Formation
Which of the following is responsible for post-infectious glomulonephritis?
Beta-Hemolytic Strep
Who is most likely to have entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve?
Pregnant Females
What is the definition of cardiac temponade?
Fluid in the Pericardial Space
Which of the following is a primary immunodeficiency disease?
Bruton’s
Which of the following results from hyperparthyroidism?
Osteopenia
What type of collagen can be found @ the end of wound healing?
Type I
What type of collagen is found 1st (earliest) in a wound?
Type III
What type of collagen is located in the basement membrane?
Type IV
A deficiency, in which of the following trace elements results in tetani similar to that, which accompanies hypocalcemia?
Magnesium
A patient with a yolk cell tumor of the testes likely has an elevation in which of the following blood serum levels?
Alpha-fetoprotein
Tensile strength is the proteinaceous deposition of __________ in a healing wound.
Collagen
A cancer that has not invaded the basement membrane or the tissue of origin is called _________________.
Carcinoma In Situ
Thrombosis & embolism of which of the following vessels can cause a transmural infarction of the small intestine?
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Which of the following diseases produces symptoms due primarily to demyelinization of peripheral motor nerve axons?
Post-Infectious Polyradiculitis
Generalized muscle weakness, poor intestinal tone & resultant bloating, heart abnormalities, weakening of respiratory muscles are characteristic of which of the following deficiencies?
Calcium
Coccidiomycosis most commonly affects which of the following organs?
Lung
Epidural hemorrhage most likely results from laceration to which of the following arteries?
Middle Meningeal
Synovial thickening & secondary inflammation with edema but no pannus formation is seen in which of the following conditions?
Gouty Arthritis
Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis?
Coagulative
Which of the following causes localized edema, which accompanies filariasis?
Lymphatic Obstruction
Which joints do Heberden’s Nodes affect?
Distal Interphalangeal
What is the most common cause of Cirrhosis of the Liver?
Chronic Alcoholism
What is the most common cause of abdominal aortic aneurisms in the elderly?
Atherosclerosis
What is the 1st sign of artherosclerosis?
Fatty Streaks
Which of the following causes lobar pneumonia?
Streptococcus
What is the mechanism that allows the Herpes Virus to stay in the body after the original infection?
Sequestering of the Virus Genome in the Sensory Neuron
Where does a pulmonary embolus most commonly originate?
The Lower Extremities
Where can the initial symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis be observed?
Ocular Muscles
Pitting edema is typically cause by what?
Congestive Heart Failure
What condition is probably present when the median groove of the prostate cannot be palpated?
Prostatic Carcinoma
Which of the following would cause the prostate to feel boggy upon palpation?
Prostatitis
What exudative lesion is caused by mycobacterial tuberculosis & contains casious necrosis?
Ghon Lesions
Which disease is Brodie’s Abscess associated with?
Osteomyelitis
Which disease is associated with TB of the spine?
Pott’s Disease
What is another name for Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Still’s Disease
Pyknosis is characterized by nuclear _________.
Condensation
Which of the following is a vasospastic disorder, which affects small arteries & arterioles of the extremities?
Raynaud’s Disease
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Horner’s Syndrome?
Dyspnea
What would a hemorrhage in the reticular formation of the brain likely result in?
Coma
What is a localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from immunologically induced necrotizing vasculitus?
Arthus Phenomenon
Which of the following is associated with subluxation of the lens, laxity of ligaments & cystic medial necrosis of the aorta?
Marfan’s Syndrome
In most types of allergic reactions which of the following mediates the immediate transient phase of vascular permeability?
Histamine
Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis?
Coagulative
What causes localized edema, which accompanies filariasis?
Lymphatic Obstruction
Which joints do Heberden’s Nodes affect?
Interphalangeal Joints
Which of the following may lead to Megaloblastic Anemia?
Atrophic Gastric Mucosa
Antibodies against double stranded DNA are most characteristic of which of the following?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins most commonly cause autoimmune disease?
IgG & IgM
What will a protein deficient diet produce?
Kwashiorkor
Dermatitis, dementia & diarrhea are characteristic of which of the following?
Niacin (B3) Deficiency
Which of the following causes beri beri?
Thiamine (B1) Deficiency
Delayed healing of wounds & rapid mobilization of Vitamin A in the liver may be due to what type of deficiency?
Zinc
Avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis is called __________________.
Legg Calve Perthe's
Which of the following is most likely to accompany Otto’s Pelvis?
Osteomalacia
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of Osteoid Osteoma?
Pain that is most severe at night & is relieved by aspirin
What are bone spurs & lipping of vertebral bodies characteristic of?
DJD
What is the most common fracture of the wrist?
Collie’s Fracture
A common source of lytic metastasis to bone in females is the ________________________.
Lungs (lungs are always lytic)
Which of the following is most likely to develop into ankylosis?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Which of the following is the primary site of pathology in Osteoarthritis?
Articular Cartilage
Which of the following causes excessive release of Ach?
Tetanus
Which of the following is the most common benign tumor in the adult?
Astrocytoma
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is due to which of the following?
B12 Deficiency
Which of the following syndromes is a form of polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire gastrointestinal tract?
Peutz Jegher’s Disease
Kaposi’s sarcoma occurs in approximately 1/3 of the patients with which of the following conditions?
AIDS
Which of the following represents Type II hypersensitivity?
Erythroblastosis?
Good Pasture Syndrome
X linked gammaglobulinemia of Bruton is characterized by which of the following?
B-cell deficiency
Which of the following develops from an IgE mediated immune reaction?
Panacinar Emphysema
Neonatal hyaline membrane disease is due to which of the following?
Absence of Surfactant
Which of the following is a genetic defect that causes multiple neuromas?
Von Recklinhausen’s Disease
The primary biochemical requirement for the diagnosis of Gout is which of the following?
Uric Acid Levels In The Blood
What is Podagra?
Gout of the big toe
A fine lateral webbing of the neck would indicate which of the following?
Turner’s Syndrome
Which of the following reactions is an example of Type III hypersensitivity?
Arthus
Episodes of temporary blindness & weakness of the dorsiflexors is a characteristic of which of the following?
Multiple Sclerosis
Which of the following has the greatest potential of degenerating the dorsal columns of the spinal cord?
Tertiary Syphilis
Which is a poly neuropathy that follows a viral infection?
Giullian Barre
Coagulation necrosis results from which of the following?
Ischemia
Which of the following characterizes Amylordosis?
Interstitial Glycogen Deposits
Which of the following is a reversible cell change?
Metaplasia
The absence of ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus is characteristic of which of the following?
Hirshprung’s Disease (congenital megacolon)
Which of the following occurs when histamine is released in the skin as a result of cutaneous trauma?
Vasodialation of the affected area
New capillaries infiltrate the periphery of a hematoma by producing collagen during a process known as ___________.
Organization
The circulating level of which blood cell is increased during the body’s response to bacterial infection?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils are increased by the presence of which of the following?
Virus
Which cell is present in an area of chronic inflammation & has many nuclei scattered in its cytoplasm?
Foreign Body Giant Cell
A patient who presents with a severe headache & a hard painful superficial temporal artery probably has which of the following?
Temporal Arteritis
Which tumor is characterized by excessive production of Catacholemine?
Neuroblastoma of the Adrenal Medulla
Which condition features dilated, elongated, torturous alteration of the superficial veins?
Varicosity
Which is the most common area of the brain to find an aneurysm?
Subarachnoid
Which of the following does not accompany acute inflammation?
Formation of Granulation Tissue
An abscess of an appendicular head generally contains which type of exudate?
Pyogenic
SI Joints are usually affected in what condition?
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Which is the most common hepatic malignancy?
Metastasis from the Breast or Lung
Which is the most common histological pattern in Bronchiogenic Carcinoma?
Squamous Cell
Which of the following are Parkinson’s inclusion bodies?
Lewy Bodies
What area of the body does Mallory Weiss Syndrome affect?
Esophagus
Which of the following causes demyelination of the peripheral nerves?
Guillian Barre Syndrome
Which of the following causes demyelination of the nerves in the CNS?
Multiple Sclerosis
What is the most common nephrotic tumor in children?
Wilm’s Tumor
What is the most common leukemia in children?
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
What is the most common muscular dystrophy?
Duchenne’s
Black tarry stools are seen in which of the following?
Peptic Ulcer
What is the most common neoplasm of the heart?
Myxoma
What is the most common cancer of the testes?
Seminoma
Over 2/3 of the cases are idiopathic in which of the following?
Aplastic Anemia
Which of the following organisms is most commonly found in adult cases of meningitis?
Strep pneumoniae
Which of the following can cause asthma in kids?
2nd Hand Smoke
A true hermaphrodite has which of the following?
Both Male & Female Tissue
Which of the following can cause a fat embolism?
Fracture of the Shaft of a Long Bone
Which of the following is the atheromatous calcification of the aorta that occurs with normal serum calcium levels?
Dystrophic Calcification
Increased secretion from the anterior pituitary gland following closure of the epiphyseal plates could produce which of the following?
Acromegaly
A deficiency, in which of the following trace elements results in tetani similar to that, which accompanies hypocalcemia?
Magnesium
Who is the most infectious member of the family?
School Age Children
Which of the following conditions is characterized by T-cell deficiency due to lack of development of the 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches, deficiency of the hearts great vessels, mouth, ears, & fauces?
di Georges
Intercranial calcification occurs most commonly in which of the following?
Oligiodendroglioma
Which of the following is a primary immunodeficiency?
Burton’s Agammaglobulimia
Almost all pathological changes of SLE involve which of the following?
Increased Immune Cells
Which of the following is an autosomal glucocerebral disease with Hepato-Splenomegaly?
Gaucher’s
Which of the following is a pigment found in regressive cells such as old age pigment?
Lipofusion
Metastatic osteoblastic tumor in a malignancy most likely originates from which of the following?
A. Breast ( 80% osteolytic, 20% osteoblastic
B. Lung ( always lytic
Prostate ( 80% osteoblastic, 20% osteolytic
Which of the following is classified as a benign neoplasm?
Lipoma
Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Which of the following substances is produced in the cells & increases inflammation due to tissue damage?
Histamine
What is the result in the cell as a consequence of thyroid goiter?
Hyperplasia (increased # of cells)
Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is most common in patients under 40?
Graves Disease
Which of the following is characterized by Recanalization?
Thrombus (restores flow)
Which of the following Vitamin deficiencies causes megaloblastic anemia?
Vitamin B12
The most common neoplasm in AIDS patients is which of the following?
Kaposi’s Sarcoma (best answer)
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (2nd best answer)
Which of the following is a periosteal encasement of necrotic tissue?
Sequestrium
Which of the following is a degenerative disease that affects the cranial nerve nuclei?
Progressive Bulbar Palsy
Dilation of the inner mammary & subscapular arteries, hypertension & weakness of the upper limbs with decreased lower limb pulse occurs in which of the following?
Coarctation of the Aorta (stricture)
Which cells are increased during viral infections?
Lymphocytes
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a congenital absence of parasympathetic ganglia in the colon subsequent constipation & dilation of the colon?
Hirshprung’s Disease
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of a 45X Karyotype?
Turner’s Syndrome
Which of the following causes cretinism?
Hypothyroidism
Which of the following involves malformation of the anterior end of the neural tube?
Anacephaly
Which of the following involves failure of the caudal portion of the neural tube to close?
Spina Bifida
Which of the following is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly?
Alzheimer’s Disease
Which of the following is an inherited autosomal dominant disease characterized by progressive movement disorder & dementia?
Huntington Disease
Which of the following causes the tunica media of medium sized arteries to calcify?
Monkeberg’s Sclerosis
Which of the following affects the temporal arteries & is associated with long standing hypertension?
Temporal Arteritis
Which of the following is also known as the “pulse less disease”?
Takayasu Arteritis
Which of the following is associated with granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch?
Takayasu Arteritis
When there is a degeneration of the lateral cells, which of the following is affected?
Autonomic Function
A starry sky appearance of lymphoid tissue is characteristic of which of the following?
Burkett’s Lymphoma
Which of the following causes hypoxia without ischemia?
Anemia
Patch consolidation of the lung is characteristic of which of the following?
Bronchopneumonia
Giant cell arthritis primarily affects the __________ artery.
Temporal
A genetic defect in the conversion of Phenylalanine to Tyrosine in the liver would result in which of the following?
Mental Retardation
A young male from Central Africa has a rapidly expanding mass in the jaw area. What is the diagnosis?
Burkett’s Lymphoma
A pulmonary embolus most commonly originates where?
The Lower Extremity
Where would the initial symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis be observed?
Extraocular Muscles
What type of disease is Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Autoimmune
Which of the following characterizes Pyknosis?
Nuclear Condensation
Mask-Like face, claw-like fingers, hypertension & fibrosis of the esophagus are characteristics of which of the following diseases?
Scleroderma
What is a functional vasospastic disorder, which affects small arteries & arterioles of the extremities?
Dyspnea
Mature cells of atypical size, shape & organization are characteristic of which of the following ?
Dysplasia
Antibody synthesis is a primary function of which of the following?
Plasma Cells
Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis?
Coagulation
What is the most common location for Chondroma?
Sacrum
Reed Sternberg Cells are associated with which of the following?
Hodgkin’s Disease
Which heart valve does Rheumatic Fever affect?
Mitral
Which heart valve does Syphilis affect?
Tricuspid
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Osteoarthritis (DJD)?
Joint Swelling
Which of the following describes smoker’s cell transformation?
Columnar Metaplasia
Which vitamin deficiency causes diarrhea, dementia & dermatitis?
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Osteomalacia is due to which of the following?
Calciferol (Vitamin D) Deficiency
Granulation is associated with which of the following?
Chronic Inflammation
Which of the following is also known as “joint mice disease”?
Osteoarthritis
Which of the following is most important in wound healing?
Vitamin C
What is the most common primary malignancy of bone?
Multiple Myeloma
Which of the following causes atrophy of the villi?
Celiac Sprue
Which of the following causes destruction of the synovial capsule?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Liquafactive Necrosis is associated with which of the following?
CNS
Which of the following is a tumor of the skeletal muscle?
Rhabdomyoma
Which of the following would cause loss of motor control & trouble walking?
Cerebellar Lesion
Which of the following causes Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia?
Chronic Iron Deficiency
Which of the following causes Lymphocytosis?
Viral Infection
Which of the following would result in sensitivity to gluten?
Celiac Disease
Which of the following causes total bone marrow destruction?
Aplastic Anemia
Which of the following can be classified as systemic fibrosis?
Scleroderma
A teratoma involves which of the following?
All 3 Germ Layers
Right heart failure would cause which the following?
Liver & Spleen Dysfunction
Which of the following is the most common myocardial infarct?
Descending Branch of the Left Coronary Artery
Which of the following is a sign of Cystic Fibrosis?
Increased NACL in Sweat
Increased clastic & blastic activity is associated with _________.
Paget’s Disease
Which of the following describes Intusseption?
Telescoping of the Intestines
Which of the following would be suspected in a 25-year-old female with post-coital bleeding?
Endometriosis
Hypogonadism is a common finding in which of the following?
Kleinfelter’s Syndrome
Normal lower GI tract mucosa separated by severely inflamed segments would indicate which of the following?
Krohn’s Disease
Which of the following has the least favorable prognosis?
Carcinoma of the Pancreas
Which of the following initiates an enzyme cascade that produces bradykinin?
Hagman Factor
Which of the following is a benign tumor of the Uterus?
Leiomyoma
Dermal sclerosis, thermal dysfunction of the distal extremities & elongation of the distal hand bones would indicate which of the following?
Marfan’s Syndrome
What is the most common malignant tumor in adolescents?
Osteosarcoma
If lateral palating processes fail to join @ the midline it results in which of the following?
Cleft Palate
Death due to acute poliomyelitis is from which of the following?
Respiratory paralysis
A 30 year old with coughing, fever & night sweats has which of the following?
TB
What is the most common site for a fungal infection?
Skin
Hagarth’s Nodes & Bouchard’s Nodes are associated with which of the following?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Which of the following affects the Diaphysis?
Ewing’s Sarcoma
Which of the following is the most common benign tumor of the hands & feet?
Enchondroma
A cerebral infarct causes which type of necrosis?
Liquifactive
Tabes dorsalis is associated with which of the following?
Syphilis
Which of the following causes cavitation in the spinal cord?
Syringomyelia
Which of the following causes adult Acromegaly?
Hyperpituitaryism
Atherosclerosis affects which blood vessel layer?
Tunica Intima
Which condition is characterized by an imbalance of osteoclastic & osteoblastic activity?
Osteoporosis
Which of the following is associated with transplant rejection?
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Which of the following is characteristic of a malignant neoplasm?
Infiltration
What is granulomatis tissue made up of?
Capillaries & Fibroblasts
Hansen’s disease is known as ____________.
Leprosy
Which of the following is a characteristic of Celiac Disease?
Atrophy of Intestinal Villi
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that is sex-linked?
Duchanne’s Muscular Dystrophy
Myxedema is also called ______________.
Hypothyroidism
Which of the following is associated with burn victims?
Hypovolemic Shock
Which type of necrosis is most common in the pancreas?
Enzymatic
Systemic Thrombosis is most apt to lodge where?
Periphery of the Lungs
Which of the following is the 1st to be involved in Duchanne’s Muscular Dystrophy?
Pelvic Girdle
A decrease in Vitamin K is most apt to cause which of the following?
Bleeding & Bruising
Fissures in the articular cartilage & a loss of proteoglycans are associated with which of the following conditions?
Osteoarthritis
Which of the following are associated with Reiter’s Syndrome?
Arthritis
Conjunctivitis
Urethritis
Elephantitis is a result of which of the following?
Lymphatic Obstruction
Multiple Myeloma is a neoplasm of the _______________.
Plasma Cells
AIDS has an affinity for ______ cells.
CD4
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis most commonly affects which of the following?
Metaphysis of Long Bones
What is the most common malignancy in men between 40 & 60 years of age?
Lung Cancer
What pathology affects the Basal Ganglia?
Parkinson’s Disease
An excess of uric acid in the blood stream is associated with which of the following?
Gouty Arthritis
Monosodium Urate Crystals in a joint result in ________.
Tophi
Which of the following is a neoplasm derived from multiple tissue?
Teratoma
Raynaud’s Disease is characterized by _____________.
Digital Vasospasm
What is the most common location for Osteosarcoma?
Metaphysis
What is clubbing of the fingers most commonly associated with?
Bronchiogenic Carcinoma
An upper & lower motor neuron lesion is a significant finding in which of the following?
Lou Gehrig’s Disease
Which type of Hemophilia is associated with factor 8 deficiency?
Hemophilia A
What does the migration of Leukocytes toward an injury describe?
Chemotaxis
Smoking is a major causative factor in which of the following?
Thromboangitis Obliterans
Which of the following has been implicated as a causative agent in cervical cancer?
Herpes Papilioma Virus (HPV)
What sign is most common in Kwashiorkor?
Edema
The presence of Eosinophils indicates what type of infection?
Fungal
The presence of Lymphocytes indicates what type of infection?
Viral
The presence of Neutrophils indicates what type of infection?
Bacterial
Wool Sorter’s Disease is an infection of the ________________.
Respiratory System
Which of the following is directly linked to a decline in cancer of the cervix?
Condom Use
Which of the following causes edema?
Protein Deficiency
What is the most common symptom of Esophageal Cancer?
Dysphagia
Which of the following can be detected on the x-ray of a healing fracture?
Callous Formation
Lewy Bodies are inclusion bodies that accompany which of the following?
Parkinson’s Disease
What is the most common location for Osteochondroma?
Knee
What is the most common benign tumor of the axial skeleton?
Hemangioma
What are Gall Stones primarily made of?
Cholesterol
What are Kidney Stones primarily made of?
Calcium
What is the most common malignant tumor of bone in children?
Osteogenic Sarcoma
What type of bone marrow is found in cancellous bone?
Yellow
Pulmonary hypertension causes which of the following?
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
What is the most common area of the heart damaged by myocardial infarction?
Left Ventricle
Which of the following constitutes the greatest threat to a person with thrombophlebitis?
Embolism in the Lungs
Which of the following is a malignant tumor that rarely metastasizes?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Which of the following is a congenital malformation with incomplete fusion?
Spina Bifida
Keloids are most common among which of the following?
African Americans
Which joint is most commonly affected by Osteoarthritis?
Knee
Dysplasia in a PAP smear is characteristic of which of the following?
Carcinoma In Situ
Local deposition of calcium in necrotic tissue is termed ____________.
Dystrophic Calcification
Which of the following is associated with Brown Atrophy?
Lipofuscion
A 25 year old presents with soft tender red spots on the vulva & a frothy foul smelling discharge. What organism is to blame?
Trichimonis
What causes a Bulls Eye Rash?
Lyme’s Disease
Which of the following is the most common location for an aneurysm?
Abdominal Aorta
Which of the following is a non-progressive muscular dysfunction due to a defect or injury to the brain or brainstem?
Cerebral Palsy
Which of the following cells is least likely to regenerate?
Neuron
Which of the following is characterized by proteinuria & hypoalbuminemia?
Nephrotic Syndrome
High levels of urinary hydroxyproline are associated with which of the following?
Paget’s Disease
Which lobe of the prostate is most commonly affected by cancer?
Posterior
The 1st process observed following fracture is the generation of a __________.
Hematoma
Gumma is associated with which of the following?
Syphilis
Which of the following organisms is associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome?
Staph aureus
Which of the following is associated with infectious mono?
Epstein Barr
A 40-year-old male presents with weight loss, increased appetite & tremors. What is the diagnosis?
Reiter’s Syndrome
Osgood Schlatter’s is associated with which of the following?
Avulsion of the Tibial Tuberosity
Proliferative cells forming new cells from original cells are called ___________.
Hyperplasia
Which of the following forms a chocolate like cyst on an Ovary?
Endometrioma
What are Tophi composed of?
Urate Crystals
Which disease most common in kids is characterized by excess glycogen stored in the liver & kidneys?
Von Gierke’s
Osgood Schlatter’s Disease principally affects which of the following?
Tibial Tuberosity
Which of the following is also known as Buerger’s Disease?
Thromboangitis Obliterans
Intusseption is seen in which of the following diseases?
Hirshprung’s Disease
What are common sources of Gluten?
Barley, Oats & Wheat
The passage of blood cells through an intact capillary wall into the tissue is known as ____________.
Diapedesis
Which of the following presents with multiple neurofibromas & café au lait spots?
Von Recklinhausen’s
Which of the following is a form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
Still’s
Which of the following causes progressive severe atrophy of the cerebral cortex?
Alzheimer’s
Which of the following causes thickening & deformity of bone?
Paget’s
Which of the following is associated with protein malnutrition?
Kwashiorkor
Which of the following is associated with Osteitis Deformans?
Paget’s
Which of the following is associated with aluminum deposits in the brain?
Alzheimer’s
Which of the following is associated with calorie malnutrition?
Marasmus
Which of the following is associated with paralysis agitans?
Parkinson’s
Which of the following is caused by a Vitamin D deficiency?
Osteomalacia
Which of the following causes demyelinization of the spinal cord?
Multiple Sclerosis
Which of the following is associated with passage of blood cells through an intact capillary wall into the tissue?
Diapedesis
Which of the following is the most common location of carcinoma in the stomach?
Pylorus
Which of the following is characterized by increased clastic & blastic activity?
Paget’s
Which of the following is associated with improper copper metabolism?
Wilson’s Disease
Which of the following is associated with lesions of sclerosis of the spinocerebellar tract?
Friedreich’s ataxia
Which of the following is the most common malignant tumor of the intestine?
Adenocarcinoma
Which of the following is associated with the absence of an organ?
Agenesis
Which of the following is associated with 45X Karyotype?
Turner’s Syndrome
Which of the following is the most common location of carcinoma in the pancreas?
Head
Which of the following is characterized by a “broom stick” appearance on plain film x-ray?
Rickets
Which of the following is associated with TB of the spine?
Pott’s Disease
Which of the following is associated with increase NaCl in sweat?
Cystic Fibrosis
Which of the following is associated with sensitivity to gluten?
Celiac Disease
Which of the following is associated with a decrease in size?
Atrophy
Which of the following is a degenerative change that occurs in everyone?
Osteoarthritis
Which of the following results from an inability to digest purines?
Gouty Arthritis
Which of the following is associated with bacteria in the blood?
Bacteremia
Which of the following is caused by exposure to iron dust?
Siderosis
Which of the following is associated with difficulty swallowing?
Dysphagia
Which of the following passes through the placenta & is a major antibody against viruses, bacteria, & toxins?
IgG
Which of the following it associated with Mesothelioma?
Asbestos Exposure
Which of the following has an unknown function?
IgD
Which of the following is associated with twisting of an organ?
Volvulus
Which of the following is associated with an increase in size?
Hypertrophy
Which of the following is related to a deficiency of oxygen?
Hypoxia
Which of the following is the most common bone cancer in children?
Osteosarcoma
Which of the following is a tumor of all three germinal layers?
Teratoma
Which of the following describes an increase in the number of cells?
Hyperplasia
Which of the following is associated with a lack or loss of RBC’s?
Anemia
Which of the following describes a cell changing from one cell type to another?
Metaplasia
Which of the following is associated with “Black Lung Disease”?
Anthracosis
Which of the following describes the intestine telescoping onto itself?
Intussusceptions
Which lung disease is associated with aircraft manufacturing?
Berylliosis
Which of the following is associated with a congenital megacolon?
Hirshprung’s Disease
Which of the following is associated with an increase in RBC’s?
Polycythemia
Which of the following causes thickening, calcification & loss of elasticity of the arterial walls?
Arteriosclerosis
Which of the following causes a foul smelling vaginal discharge?
Gardenella Vaginalis
Which of the following is an out pouching in the intestine?
Diverticula
Which of the following produces “skip lesions”?
Crohn’s
Which of the following is a localized dilation of an artery?
Aneurysm
Which of the following is associated with deposition of fatty plaques within the arteries?
Atherosclerosis
Which of the following is the most common Pelvic Inflammatory disease?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Which type of leukemia is most commonly seen in children?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Which type of leukemia is associated with the “Philadelphia Chromosome”?
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML)
Which of the following types of leukemia is seen mostly in people over the age of 60?
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Which of the following is associated with Reed Sternberg cells?
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Which of the following is considered a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?
Anaphylactic
Which of the following is considered a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
Cytotoxic
Which of the following is considered a Type III hypersensitivity reaction?
Immune Complex
Which of the following is considered a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
Delayed
Which of the following is involved in the early part of every immune response?
IgM
Which of the following produces decreased joint space, Subchondral sclerosis & osteophytes?
Osteoarthritis
Which of the following produces excess uric acid in the blood L& leads to tophi formation?
Gouty Arthritis
Which of the following is associated with Hagarth’s Nodes & Bouchard’s Nodes?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Which of the following benign tumors usually affects the epiphysis of a bone?
Chonroblasoma
Giant Cell Tumor
Which of the following benign tumors usually affects the metaphysis of a bone?
Chondromyxoid Fibroma
Non-ossifying Fibroma
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Osteochondroma
Which of the following malignant tumors usually affects the metaphysis of a bone?
Osteosarcoma
Which of the following benign tumors usually affects the diaphysis of a bone?
Enchondroma
Fibrous Dysplasia
Which of the following malignant tumors usually affects the diaphysis of a bone?
Chondrosarcoma
Ewing’s Sarcoma
Which of the following results in alcoholic psychosis due to a depletion of thiamine as a result of severe alcoholism?
Korsakoff
Which of the following is a fatty tumor?
Lipoma
Which of the following is a yellow tumor of connective tissue?
Xanthoma
Which of the following is a tumor of the cartilage?
Chondroma
Which of the following is the most common cancer of the testes?
Seminoma
Which of the following is the most common cancer of the spine?
Metastasis
Which of the following is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy?
Guillian-Barre’ Syndrome
Which of the following is the most common life-threatening disease of the PNS?
Barre-Barre’ Syndrome
Which of the following is a muscular disease caused by an autoimmune mediated loss of ACH receptors & characterized by weakness & fatigue of skeletal muscles?
Myasthenia Gravis
Which of the following bone fractures is caused by repetitive physical activity?
Stress Fracture
Which of the following is a benign bone tumor?
Osteoid Osteoma
Which of the following is the most common malignant primary tumor of bone?
Osteosarcoma
Which of the following tumors is characterized by production of neoplastic cartilage?
Chondrosarcoma
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