Typical Survey Response Scales - STLHE

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Typical Survey Response Scales

? Competence Scales _____________________________________________________________________________________

5 Outstanding Strength

5 Exemplary, Best Possible

4 Strength

4 Significant Strength

3 Competent

3 Fully Competent

2 Needs Improvement

2 Development Needed

1 Needs Significant Improvement

1 Weakness

6

5

4

3

2

1

Outstanding

Very Strong

Competent

Underdeveloped

Not Developed

Does Not Apply

? Frequency Scales ________________________________________________________________________________________

6

5

4

3

2

1

100% of the time

90+% of the time

80+% of the time

70+% of the time

60+% of the time

Less than 60% of the time

6

5

4

3

2

1

Almost Always / Always

Usually / Most of the Time

Often

Sometimes

Seldom / Rarely

Never / Almost Never

5

4

3

2

1

A Great Deal

Quite a Bit

Somewhat

Very Little

Not at All

? Extent Scales ____________________________________________________________________________________________

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

To an Extremely Large Extent

5 Exactly Descriptive

To a Very Large Extent

4 Very Descriptive

To a Large Extent

3 Descriptive

To a Moderate Extent

2 Somewhat Descriptive

To a Small Extent

1 Not Descriptive

To a Very Small Extent

To an Extremely Small Extent

6

5

4

3

2

1

Completely True Description

Largely True

Somewhat True

Not Descriptive

Largely False

Completely False Description

? Comparison Scales ______________________________________________________________________________________

6

5

4

3

2

1

Top 5%

90+% of the time

80+% of the time

70+% of the time

60+% of the time

Less than 60% of the time

5

4

3

2

1

Far Above Average

Above Average

Average

Below Average

Far Below Average

4

3

2

1

One of the Best

Better than Most

Better than Some

Not as Good as Most

? Copyright 2006, ConsultingTools Ltd and Envisia Learning. All Rights Reserved.

? Performance Scales _____________________________________________________________________________________

6

5

4

3

2

1

Exceeds all standards

Exceeds most, Meets others

Meets most, exceeds others

Meets all standards

Meets most, below on some

Below on many

5

4

3

2

1

Far Exceeds

Exceeds

Meets

Meets Some

Does not Meet

5

4

3

2

1

Far Above Requirements

Above requirements

Meets Requirements

Below Requirements

Far Below Requirements

? Developmental Scales ___________________________________________________________________________________

6

5

4

3

2

1

Exceeds all standards

Exceeds most, Meets others

Meets most, exceeds others

Meets all standards

Meets most, below on some

Below on many

5

4

3

2

1

Far Exceeds

Exceeds

Meets

Meets Some

Does not Meet

5

4

3

2

1

Far Above Requirements

Above requirements

Meets Requirements

Below Requirements

Far Below Requirements

? Qualitative Scales _______________________________________________________________________________________

6

5

4

3

2

1

Extraordinary

Superior

Very Good

Good

Fair

Poor

4

3

2

1

Outstanding

Very Good

Good

Poor

4

3

2

1

Excellent

Good

Fair

Poor

? Agreement Scales _______________________________________________________________________________________

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Completely True

Somewhat True

Slightly True

Neither True nor False

Slightly False

Somewhat False

Completely False

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Strongly Agree

Agree

Mildly Agree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Mildly Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

5

4

3

2

1

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neither Agree nor Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

? Copyright 2006, Envisia Learning and ConsultingTools Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

? Importance Scales ______________________________________________________________________________________

5

4

3

2

1

Extremely Important

4 Critical

Important

3 Important

Moderately Important

2 Minor Importance

Somewhat Important

1 Not Important

Not Very Important

5

4

3

2

1

Very Important

Important

Somewhat Important

Somewhat Unimportant

Very Unimportant

? Satisfaction Scales ______________________________________________________________________________________

5

4

3

2

1

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Moderately Satisfied

Slightly Satisfied

Not at all Satisfied

5

4

3

2

1

Very Satisfied

Satisfied

Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Very Dissatisfied

4

3

2

1

Satisfied

Somewhat Satisfied

Somewhat Dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

? Survey Research _________________________________________________________________________________________

n

When respondents chose the midpoint (¡°Neither agree nor disagree¡±), it is generally a valid response (Narayan & Krosnick,

1996; O¡¯Muurcheartaigh, Krosnick & Helic, 1999)

n

In agreement scales, the element of ¡°strongly¡± can confound the emotional strength component with the cognitive

agreement task (Fowler, 1995)

n

Bipolar scales (Disagree to Agree) have a maximum reliability and validity at 7 points whereas unipolar scales (e.g., Not

True at all to Completely True) have a maximum reliability and validity at 5 points (Krosnick & Fabrigar, 2003)

n

Numeric labels seem to increase confusion rather than verbal labels (Krosnick & Fabrigar, 2003)

n

Agree/Disagree scales are less desirable than True/False scales for these reasons (Fowler, 1995):

Agree/Disagree questions tend to be cognitively complex. For example, disagreeing that one is seldom

overwhelmed by life stressors is a complicated way of saying that one is often overwhelmed

Research has consistently demonstrated a tendency of less educated respondents toward acquiescence, which

leads them to be more likely to ¡°agree¡± categories

In particular, using ¡°strongly¡± agree/disagree actually violates a question design mode because it contains 2

dimensions¡ªan emotional strength component and cognitive agreement task

n

Single item scales are typically not recommended except for measures of job satisfaction (Dolbier, Webster,

McCalister, Mallon & Steinhardt, 2004) and specific behaviors (e.g., smoking, drinking) due to low internal

consistency reliabilities

n

Surveys can be sent to all employees or a random sample; It is important to have an adequate response rate to assure

that your sample size will provide a 95 percent confidence level that the sample is within plus or minus .05 of the actual

population estimate (Nowack, 1990)

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