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Mr. Valentine’s 11th Grade English Class – Vocabulary List 3 and Practice – Standard1. Ameliorate (v.) to improve, make better, correct a flaw or shortcoming.Ex: A hot meal can ameliorate the discomforts of even the coldest day.Synonyms – Amend, better.Antonyms – Worsen, aggravate, exacerbate.2. Aplomb (n.) poise, assurance, great self-confidence; perpendicularity.Ex: Considering the family’s tense mood, you handled the situation with aplomb.Synonyms – Composure, self-possession, levelheadedness.Antonyms – Confusion, embarrassment, abashment.3. Bombastic (adj.) pompous or overblown in language; full of high-sounding words intended to conceal a lack of ideas.Ex: He delivered a bombastic speech that did not even address our problems.Synonyms – inflated, highfalutin, high-flown, pretentious.Antonyms – unadorned, simple, plain, severe.4. Callow (adj.) without experience; immature, not fully developed; lacking sophistication and poise; without feathers.Ex: They entered the army as callow recruits and left as seasoned veterans.Synonyms – green, raw, unfledged, inexperienced.Antonyms – mature, grown-up, polished, sophisticated.5. Drivel (n.) saliva or mucus flowing from the mouth or nose; foolish, aimless talk or thinking; nonsense; (v.) to let saliva flow from the mouth; to utter nonsense or childish twaddle; to waste or fritter away foolishly.Ex: To me, my dream made perfect sense, but when I told it to my friend it sounded like drivel.Ex: Knowing that his time was nearly up, we kept silent and let him drivel on.Synonyms – balderdash, hogwash, tommyrot, slaver.6. Epitome (n.) a summary, condensed account; an instance that represents a larger reality.Ex: Admitting when you have been fairly defeated is the epitome of sportsmanship.Synonyms – abstract, digest, model, archetype.7. Exhort (v.) to urge strongly, advise earnestly.Ex: With dramatic gestures, our fans vigorously exhort the team to play harder.Synonyms – entreat, implore, adjure.Antonyms – Discourage, advise against, deprecate.8. Ex Officio (adj. adv.) by virtue of holding a certain office.Ex: The President is the ex officio commander-in-chief of the armed forces in time of war.9. Infringe (v.) to violate, trespass, go beyond recognized bounds.Ex: If you continue to infringe on my responsibilities, will you also take the blame for any mistakes?Synonyms – encroach, impinge, intrude, poach.Antonyms – stay in bounds10. Ingratiate (v.) to make oneself agreeable and thus gain favor or acceptance by others (sometimes used in a critical or derogatory sense).Ex: It is not a good idea to ingratiate oneself by paying cloying compliments.Synonyms – cozy up to, curry favor with.Antonyms – alienate, humiliate oneself, mortify oneself.Vocabulary Practice Problems for List 31. A bus boy is sometimes the ____________ tea maker, garbage remover, floor sweeper, and other miscellaneous duty-performer.2. A cheeseburger and fries is the ______________ of American fast food.3. The victim _____________ the judge to reconsider his verdict.4. Some people speak such utter nonsense, such gobbledygook, such __________ .5. Ted and Veronica had no idea what to present to the company, so they made a flashy and _____________ presentation that had almost no substance whatsoever.6. The courtier used flattery to _______________ himself with the king and gain importance in the royal court.7. People often believe the government ______________ their rights and freedoms.8. Gilbert argued with Joe-Bob. After cooling down, he went over to try to ______________ the situation and clear things up.9. The speaker showed no signs of nervousness, but instead carried herself with great ____________ .10. The experienced video gamers considered the new gamer’s performance to be quite _____________ . ................
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