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Supplementary fileSupplementary table 1N (%)No medical history 322 (83.4%)Cardiac problems (yes)6 (1.6%)Diabetes mellitus (yes)11 (2.8%)Respiratory problems (yes)9 (2.3%)Hypertension (yes)18 (4.7%)Cancer/neoplasm (yes)5 (1.3%)No psychiatric disease history 309 (80.1%)Mood disorders (yes)29 (7.5%)Anxiety disorders (yes)41 (10.6%)Personality disorders (yes)9 (2.3%)Eating disorders (yes)14 (3.6%)Post-traumatic stress disorder (yes)10 (2.6%)Substance abuse (yes)2 (0.5%)Psychological treatment (yes)31 (8.0%)Following the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in LebanonNo11 (2.8%)A little16 (4.1%)Sometimes41 (10.6%)Most of the times97 (25.1%)All the time221 (57.3%)Diagnosed with Covid-19 infection (yes)2 (0.5%)Knowledge of a person who was diagnosed with Covid-19 infection (yes)19 (4.9%)Been in contact with a person who was diagnosed with Covid-19 infection (yes)29 (7.5%)Depression categoriesNo depressive symptoms120 (31.1%)Mild depressive symptoms143 (37.0%)Moderate depressive symptoms76 (19.7%)Moderately-severe depressive symptoms22 (5.7%)Severe depressive symptoms25 (6.5%)Stress No106 (27.5%)Yes 280 (72.5%)Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderNo 312 (80.8%)Yes74 (19.2%)AnxietyNo 308 (79.8%)Yes78 (20.2%)Supplementary table 2: Bivariate analyses taking the PSS4, PHQ-9, LAS and hygienic prevention practices score as the dependent variablesPSS4p-valuePHQ-9p-valueLASp-valueMean ± SDMean ± SDMean ± SDGenderFemale6.48 ± 2.410.2596.40 ± 5.760.1707.01 ± 6.160.798Male6.00 ± 0.245.01 ± 0.416.73 ± 0.45Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.2800.3400.064t1.151.400.25History of mental illnessNo6.53 ± 2.660.4786.15 ± 5.810.4846.60 ± 5.630.928Yes6.01 ± 0.375.03 ± 0.856.74 ± 0.93Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.2740.2700.034t1.021.540.88Diagnosed with mood disorderNo6.01 ± 0.440.6435.03 ± 0.980.4256.73 ± 1.030.471Yes7.14 ± 3.339.79 ± 7.5111.25 ± 8.07Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.4750.8880.785t-0.55-1.03-0.91Diagnosed with anxiety disorderNo6.01 ± 0.410.4635.03 ± 0.920.3626.74 ± 0.990.676Yes6.84 ± 2.867.37 ± 6.477.76 ± 6.36Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.4060.5060.224t-0.78-0.98-0.43Medical treatment for a mental illnessNo6.01 ± 0.440.2285.03 ± 0.940.4346.74 ± 1.020.648Yes7.66 ± 2.168.73 ± 8.138.70 ± 7.70Effect size (Cohen’s d)1.050.6390.356t-1.51-0.90-0.50Contact with COVID-19 patientNo6.01 ± 0.45<0.0015.04 ± 1.01<0.0016.74 ± 1.07<0.001Yes6.52 ± 3.847.16 ± 9.288.16 ± 9.32Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.1860.3210.214t-0.16-0.29-0.19Following the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon<0.001<0.0010.607No6.36 ± 0.016.29 ± 0.017.27 ± 0.01A little6.71 ± 3.865.91 ± 6.046.80 ± 8.12Sometimes7.25 ± 2.257.77 ± 6.747.49 ± 5.81Most of the times6.83 ± 2.266.10 ± 5.666.44 ± 6.23All the time6.00 ± 0.395.03 ± 0.856.74 ± 0.92Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.0760.0930.024F15.4210.240.67Education levelComplementary7.32 ± 3.08<0.0018.19 ± 6.41<0.0019.58 ± 7.96<0.001Secondary6.00 ± 0.215.01 ± 0.426.74 ± 0.37University6.40 ± 2.466.05 ± 5.716.54 ± 6.24Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.0650.1100.064F16.4919.287.60Monthly incomeLess than 1000$6.98 ± 2.60<0.0017.42 ± 5.41<0.0018.15 ± 6.12<0.0011000 - 2000 $6.00 ± 0.245.01 ± 0.636.73 ± 0.65More than 2000$5.67 ± 2.845.58 ± 5.785.28 ± 6.00Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.0870.1460.101F43.1351.7023.49Religious practiceNo7.26 ± 4.45<0.0017.65 ± 7.58<0.0019.23 ± 6.56<0.001A little7.00 ± 2.5810.08 ± 8.338.54 ± 6.35Sometimes7.11 ± 2.176.84 ± 5.957.16 ± 5.60Most of the times5.73 ± 2.684.61 ± 5.525.16 ± 6.23All the time6.01 ± 0.265.02 ± 0.576.75 ± 0.68Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.0750.1170.093F21.8227.3212.52Correlation coefficientp-valueCorrelation coefficientp-valueCorrelation coefficientp-valueAge-0.0130.634-0.152<0.001-0.288<0.001Stress--0.456<0.0010.440<0.001Depression0.456<0.001--0.853<0.001Obsession score0.312<0.0010.421<0.0010.320<0.001Compulsion score0.187<0.0010.364<0.0010.272<0.001OCS score0.266<0.0010.415<0.0010.313<0.001Anxiety0.440<0.0010.853<0.001--Hygienic prevention practices score-0.140<0.001-0.137<0.001-0.0390.172Statistical test used: Student t-test: to compare continuous variables between two groups, ANOVA: to compare continuous variables between more than two groups, Pearson correlation: used for linear correlation between continuous variables. Numbers in bold indicate significant p-values.Supplementary table 3: Bivariate analyses taking the obsession score, compulsion score and OCS score as the dependent variablesObsession scorep-valueCompulsion scorep-valueOCS scorep-valueMean ± SDMean ± SDMean ± SDGenderFemale4.20 ± 3.32<0.0013.55 ± 3.57<0.0017.74 ± 6.33<0.001Male1.02 ± 0.431.02 ± 0.342.04 ± 0.73Effect size (Cohen’s d)1.340.9971.26t5.554.115.23History of mental illnessNo3.62 ± 3.060.0082.54 ± 3.210.1106.15 ± 5.670.020Yes1.08 ± 0.751.07 ± 0.702.15 ± 1.39Effect size (Cohen’s d)1.140.6320.968t3.931.903.23Diagnosed with mood disorderNo1.10 ± 0.810.2891.08 ± 0.750.3162.18 ± 1.480.263Yes5.68 ± 4.944.61 ± 4.1310.29 ± 8.08Effect size (Cohen’s d)1.2931.1891.396t-1.52-1.40-1.64Diagnosed with anxiety disorderNo1.09 ± 0.770.0281.08 ± 0.740.3532.16 ± 1.450.067Yes4.79 ± 3.562.31 ± 3.337.10 ± 6.08Effect size (Cohen’s d)1.4360.5101.117t-2.82-1.00-2.20Medical treatment for a mental illnessNo1.09 ± 0.790.1011.08 ± 0.750.3342.17 ± 1.480.135Yes5.70 ± 3.883.33 ± 3.889.03 ± 6.67Effect size (Cohen’s d)1.6460.8051.419t-2.35-1.15-2.04Contact with COVID-19 patientNo1.10 ± 0.83<0.0011.08 ± 0.76<0.0012.18 ± 1.52<0.001Yes5.01 ± 6.463.76 ± 6.138.77 ± 11.53Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.8480.6130.801t-0.78-0.56-0.74Following the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon<0.001<0.001<0.001No6.45 ± 0.013.37 ± 0.019.82 ± 0.01A little3.76 ± 4.844.37 ± 3.498.13 ± 7.65Sometimes4.56 ± 3.763.77 ± 4.078.33 ± 7.06Most of the times4.94 ± 4.054.23 ± 3.909.18 ± 7.65All the time1.07 ± 0.651.05 ± 0.612.11 ± 1.18Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.3030.2390.400F87.8665.4986.10Education levelPrimary/ Complementary2.38 ± 4.22<0.0011.03 ± 2.54<0.0013.41 ± 5.13<0.001Secondary1.02 ± 0.371.01 ± 0.382.03 ± 0.72University4.38 ± 3.423.74 ± 3.378.12 ± 6.24Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.3270.2970.480F270.10179.25257.95Monthly incomeLess than 1000$4.09 ± 3.93<0.0013.32 ± 4.11<0.0017.41 ± 7.55<0.0011000 - 2000 $1.05 ± 0.521.04 ± 0.482.08 ± 0.94More than 2000$3.53 ± 3.793.19 ± 3.076.72 ± 6.28Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.2510.2030.334F190.14128.47180.44Religious practiceNo5.64 ± 4.71<0.0015.11 ± 3.48<0.00110.75 ± 7.87<0.001A little4.14 ± 3.503.49 ± 4.317.63 ± 7.12Sometimes4.99 ± 3.423.97 ± 3.688.96 ± 6.10Most of the times4.37 ± 3.223.65 ± 3.208.02 ± 5.98All the time1.03 ± 0.481.02 ± 0.462.05 ± 0.89Effect size (Cohen’s d)0.3030.2390.400F200.81125.31188.29Correlation coefficientp-valueCorrelation coefficientp-valueCorrelation coefficientp-valueAge0.201<0.0010.0970.0010.160<0.001Stress0.312<0.0010.187<0.0010.266<0.001Depression0.421<0.0010.364<0.0010.415<0.001Obsession score--0.801<0.0010.954<0.001Compulsion score0.801<0.001--0.944<0.001OCS score0.954<0.0010.944<0.001--Anxiety0.320<0.0010.272<0.0010.313<0.001Hygienic Prevention Practices score-0.233<0.001-0.142<0.001-0.200<0.001Statistical test used: Student t-test: to compare continuous variables between two groups, ANOVA: to compare continuous variables between more than two groups, Pearson correlation: used for linear correlation between continuous variables. Numbers in bold indicate significant p-values.Supplementary table 4: Multivariate analyses in subsample (without comorbid psychiatric disorder)Model 1: Linear regression taking the PSS-4 score as the dependent variable.Unstandardized BetaStandardized Betap-valueConfidence intervalLower BoundUpper BoundPracticing religion most of the time vs none of the time*-1.584-0.398<0.001-1.887-1.280Practicing religion all of the time vs none of the time*-0.652-0.227<0.001-0.958-0.347Income: high vs low*-1.116-0.227<0.001-1.422-0.809Following some of the time the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon vs. no1.8040.241<0.0011.1422.467Following most of the time the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon vs. no1.2930.245<0.0010.6971.889Level of education: university vs primary/ complementary*-0.348-0.1330.008-0.607-0.089Following all of the time the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon vs. no0.6230.1570.0270.0721.174Model 2: Linear regression taking the PHQ-9 score as the dependent variable.Unstandardized BetaStandardized Betap-valueConfidence intervalLower BoundUpper BoundAnxiety 0.6650.775<0.0010.6300.701Income: Intermediate vs low*-0.957-0.203<0.001-1.162-0.751Stress0.1760.111<0.0010.1170.235Level of education: university vs primary/ complementary*-0.444-0.107<0.001-0.661-0.226Practicing religion most of the time vs none of the time*-0.283-0.0450.047-0.563-0.003Model 3: Linear regression taking the obsession score as the dependent variable.Unstandardized BetaStandardized Betap-valueConfidence intervalLower BoundUpper BoundCompulsion score0.5550.539<0.0010.5170.594Practicing religion all of the time vs none of the time*-1.151-0.232<0.001-1.410-0.893Stress0.1480.086<0.0010.0950.202Gender-0.351-0.0770.006-0.601-0.102Depression0.0710.065<0.0010.0340.107Monthly income: High vs low*-0.854-0.101<0.001-1.200-0.507Education level: University vs primary/ complementary*-0.485-0.1070.001-0.760-0.210monthly income: Intermediate vs low*-0.406-0.0790.001-0.639-0.173Model 4: Linear regression taking the compulsion score as the dependent variable.Unstandardized BetaStandardized Betap-valueConfidence intervalLower BoundUpper boundObsession0.5321.024<0.0010.5200.545Practicing religion all of the time vs none of the time*0.3710.077<0.0010.2200.522Stress-0.089-0.053<0.001-0.118-0.059Age-0.006-0.0360.001-0.010-0.002Monthly income: High vs low*0.4800.058<0.0010.2920.667monthly income: Intermediate vs low*0.2030.0410.0010.0820.325Following most of the time the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon vs. no-0.705-0.106<0.001-1.000-0.410Following some of the time the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon vs. no-0.634-0.072<0.001-0.958-0.311Following the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon: little of the time vs. no-0.419-0.0340.023-0.782-0.057University education vs primary/ complementary*0.1830.0420.0240.0240.342Model 5: Linear regression taking the OCS score as the dependent variable.Unstandardized BetaStandardized Betap-valueConfidence intervalLower BoundUpper boundPracticing religion all of the time vs none of the time*-3.337-0.361<0.001-3.945-2.729Depression0.4630.228<0.0010.3810.544Gender (males vs females*)-2.960-0.346<0.001-3.501-2.419Age-0.061-0.176<0.001-0.079-0.043Following the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon: all the time vs. no-0.797-0.0620.017-1.449-0.144Education university vs primary/ complementary*-0.996-0.1180.002-1.615-0.377Practicing religion little of the time vs none of the times*1.4480.0600.0060.4102.486Model 6: Linear regression taking the LAS score as the dependent variable.Unstandardized BetaStandardized Betap-valueConfidence intervalLower BoundUpper boundDepression0.7140.612<0.0010.6670.760Education University vs primary/ complementary*0.6340.131<0.0010.3370.930Income Intermediate vs low*0.6340.116<0.0010.3820.886Age-0.023-0.115<0.001-0.031-0.014Stress0.1080.0580.0010.0420.173Practicing religion most of the time vs none of the time*-0.701-0.096<0.001-1.009-0.394Income high vs low*-0.644-0.0710.001-1.028-0.260Obsession0.0400.0690.0020.0140.066Following all of the time the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon vs. no0.3900.0530.0100.0950.684Model 7: Linear regression taking the hygienic prevention practices score as the dependent variable.Unstandardized BetaStandardized Betap-valueConfidence intervalLower BoundUpper boundIncome intermediate vs low*2.2600.394<0.0011.8962.625Following all of the time the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon vs. no 1.4610.190<0.0010.9611.960Age-0.050-0.241<0.001-0.063-0.037Gender (males vs females*)-1.866-0.363<0.001-2.288-1.445Following little of the time the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon vs. no-1.252-0.0860.002-2.057-0.447Education: university vs primary/ complementary*0.6170.1220.0040.2001.034Stress-0.123-0.0640.009-0.214-0.031 ................
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