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Teaching the Language of Math to Preschoolers: WSHA 2016Patricia A. Becker, PhD, CCC-SLP RationaleMathematical concepts are critical to language development, academic achievement, and the performance of daily tasks and routinesResearchChildren with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), children from low SES families, and children who are English Language Learners may experience difficulty with early mathematical learning that persists into their school years (Alt, Arizmendi, & Beal, 2014; Donlon, Newton, & Lloyd, 2005; Morgan, Farkas, & Wu, 2011; Schroder, 2015)Children with SLI are confronted with barriers while learning math that include difficulties in (1) linguistic skills, (2) phonological information processing and (3) interactive discourse (Schr?der, 2015) Achievement gaps in math for children with SLI increase between kindergarten and fifth grade (Morgan, Farkas, & Wu, 2011)Children with SLI have difficulty with the manipulation of mathematic symbols, the use of working memory for patterns, and the combination of complex linguistic syntax plus mathematical symbols (Alt, Arizmendi, & Beal, 2014) Intensive preschool math curricula can increase children’s ability to: (1) recall key words, (2) use complex utterances, (3) retell narratives independently, and (4) perform inferential reasoning tasks (Sarama, Lange, Clements, & Wolfe, 2012)Preschool children’s math development is positively associated with the amount of teacher-managed language and literacy activities in the classroom (de Haan, Elbers, & Leseman, 2014)Recommendations Teach number, operations, geometry, patterns, measurement, and data analysis using a developmental progression (see milestone handout)Teach children to view and describe their world mathematicallyIntegrate math instruction throughout the school day (Frye, Baroody, Burchinal, Carver, Jordan, & McDowell, 2013)Math-Focused Interactions: PlayDramatic play: menus, money, receipts, calculators, address labels, phones, clocks, timers, graph paper, tape measures, maps, tickets, cash registers, scales, and measuring cupsCard and board gamesCenters: Blocks, Sand and Water, Art, Science, ManipulativesOutdoor playMath-Focused Interactions: DiscourseRecognize importance of language as a tool for teaching mathPlan experiences that connect math to prior knowledgeEngage children in dialogue about activity-related math conceptsSupport increasingly difficult levels of math thinking and reasoning (Rudd, Satterwhite, & Lambert, 2010)Math-Focused Interactions: Discourse (see Rudd, Satterwhite & Lambert, 2010 handout)Number OperationsSpatial RelationsSeriationMeasurementPatternsGeometryDisplay and Analyze DataMath-Focused Interactions: Book-SharingPractice math skills Develop math reasoningSolve math problems Express mathematical thinkingStimulate interest in math (HHS/ACF/ACYF/OHS, 2008) Math-Focused Interactions: MusicFinger playsMusical instrumentsOne-to-one correspondence (pat, tap, walk to beat)Seriation (represent musical patterns through movement; sequence sounds from soft to loud; identify word patterns in lyrics)Time (respond to sounds that start/stop; create sounds that are fast/slow) (Geist, Geist, & Kuznik, 2012; Sawyers & Hutson-Brandhagen, 2004)SongsA square is like a box, A square is like a box,It has four sides, They are the same.A square is like a box!A triangle has 3 sides, A triangle has 3 sides,Up?the mountain, down, and back.A triangle has 3 sides! (Retrieved from )Math-Focused Interactions: Cooking and Restaurant playCounting, one-to-one correspondence, cardinality, size, shape, weight, length, volume (Vandermaas-Peeler, Boomgarden, Finn & Pittard, 2012)Seriation Child: “That’s how you put cheese lettuce cheese lettuce cheese.”(Becker, 2015)Money Adult: What do I owe you for the sandwich? Child: Ten dollars. (Becker, 2015)Math-Focused Interactions: TechnologyOnline gamesSheppard Software Early MathPBS Kids Math GamesiPad appsHeavy or Light (DonkeySoft Inc.)Candy Count (Camigo Media LLC)More or Less (TinyTap Ltd)Sleepy Cat Prepositions (TinyTap Ltd)ResourcesPBS Parents Math Skills and Milestones Raising Readers in Story County Exploring Early Math Concepts Through Books Infant, Toddler and Preschooler Activity Handouts File Folder Fun Preschool Math Games PreKinders Play Dough Math Mats Teaching Mama Hands-On Math Activities The Measured Mom Finger Puppet Printables Math at Play Picture Book Lists Math at Play Games, Tips and Activities Little Bins for Little Hands 20 Best Preschool and Kindergarten Board Games A Mom with a Lesson Plan Teaching Math and Reading through Cooking KBYU Eleven Math is Everywhere Participation Notebook ReferencesAlt, M., Arizmendi, G.D., & Beal, C. (2014). The relationship between mathematics and language: Academic implications for children with Specific Language Impairment and English Language Learners. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in the Schools, 45(3), 220-233.Becker, P. (2015). Using peer- and adult-mediated sociodramatic play to assess and facilitate preschoolers' play, play discourse and narrative: A mixed methods study (Doctoral Dissertation).de Haan, Elbers & Leseman (2014). Teacher- and child-managed academic activities in preschool and kindergarten and their influence on children’s gains in emergent academic skills. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 28: 43–58.Cowan, R., Donlon, C., Newton, E.J., and Lloyd, D. (2005). Number skills and knowledge in children with Specific Language Impairment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97(4), 732–744 Donlan, C., Cowan, R., Newton, E.J. and Llloyd, D. (2007). The role of language in mathematical development: Evidence from children with specific language impairments. Cognition, 103, 23-33.Frye, D., Baroody, A. J., Burchinal, M., Carver, S. M., Jordan, N. C., & McDowell, J. (2013). Teaching math to young children: A practice guide (NCEE 2014-4005). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE), Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from , K., Geist, E. A., and Kuznik, K. (2012). The patterns of music: Young children learning mathematics through beat, rhythm, and melody. Young Children, 74-79. HHS/ACF/ACYF/OHS (2008). Finding the math in books: Ideas for teaching staff. Retrieved from , P., Farkas, G. and Wu, Q. (2011). Kindergarten children’s growth trajectories in reading and mathematics: Who falls increasingly behind?” Journal of Learning Disabilities , 44, 472 – 488.National Research Council. (2009). Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood: Paths Toward Excellence and Equity. Committee on Early Childhood Mathematics, Christopher T. Cross, Taniesha A. Woods, and Heidi Schweingruber, Editors. Center for Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.Rudd, L.C., Satterwhite, M., & Lambert, M. C. (2010). One, two, buckle my shoe: Using math mediated language in preschool. Dimensions of Early Childhood, 38 (2), 30-38. Sarama, Julie, Lange, Alissa, Clements, Douglas H., & Wolfe, Christopher B. (2012). The impacts of an early mathematics curriculum on emerging literacy and language. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27, 489-502.Sawyers, K. & Hutson-Brandhagen, J. (2004). Music and math: How do we make the connection for preschoolers? Childcare Exchange , 46-49.Schr?der, A. & Ritterfeld, U. (2015). Children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) need qualitatively enriched interactions to successfully partake in mathematics Education. International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Education, 4 (1), 583-591.Vandermaas-Peeler, Boomgarden, Finn & Pittard, (2012). Parental support of numeracy during a cooking activity with four-year-old. International Journal of Early Years Education, 20 (1), 78-93. ................
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