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U.S. HistoryChapter 6 Review - TEST FridayFill in the Blank with the correct answer 1. Progressivism: A movement that started in the 1890’s promoting new ideas and honest, efficient government in order to bring about social justice. Promoted reforms in politics, business, and society. 2.suffrage: the right to vote in political elections3. prohibition: Act of prohibiting the manufacture, storage in barrels, bottles, transporation of alcohol including alcoholic beverages. The term applies to the period of American history in which alcohol was illegal. 4. scientific management: Management of a business, industry, or economy according to principles of efficiency derived from experiments in methods of work and production, especially from time-motion studies. 5. Robert LaFollette: A supporter of progressivism and a vocal enemy of railroad trusts6. NAWSA: Group founded by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to fight for women’s suffrage. This group was focused on passing a constitutional amendment for women’s suffrage.7. “Perfect 36”: On August 24, 1920, Tennessee ratified the 19th Amendment and became the 36th and final state needed to ratify the amendment (3/4 of the 48 states that voted). 8. Anne Dallas Dudley: A prominent activist in the women’s suffrage movement, who led the lobbying efforts in favor of ratification of the 19th Amendment in Tennessee. 9. Harry Burn: A member of the Tennessee General Assembly from McMinn County, TN. He became known for casting the deciding vote in favor of ratification of the 19th Amendment in Tennessee. 10. “Bull Moose” Party: Another name for the Progressive party during the election of 1912. Teddy Roosevelt was the candidate of this party, after he and William H. Taft split Republican support. 11. John Muir: He was a naturalist whose efforts led congress to create Yosemite National Park in 1890. He believed wild areas should be preserved, leading T. Roosevelt to close off more than 100 million acres of forest land. 12. Gifford Pinchot: Led the division of forestry in the US Dept. of Agriculture under T. Roosevelt. 13. “Square Deal”: Teddy Roosevelt’s plan to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor. 14. “New Freedom”: Woodrow Wilson’s program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses. 15. Niagara Movement: A movement started in 1905 by WEB DuBois and 28 other African American leaders, which denounced the idea of gradual social progress and demanded full rights for African Americans. 16. NAACP: Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans. 17. ADL: Organization founded in 1913 to combat stereotypes and discrimination (especially libel of the Jewish people), with the ultimate “purpose to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination…” They worked to remove negative portrayals of Jews in movies, in print, and on stage.18. “New Nationalism”: Teddy Roosevelt’s platform (plan) in the 1912 presidential election. He wanted to increase regulation of trusts, favored laws to protect women and children in the labor force, and supported worker’s compensation for those injured on the job. Presidents: 19. Teddy Roosevelt: A progressive (Republican) president who supported powerful corporations that were efficient and did business fairly. Later became known as the “trustbuster” and offered the American people a “Square Deal.” He believed that government should balance the needs of competing groups in American society on behalf of the public interest. 20. William Howard Taft: Republican president who succeeded T. Roosevelt in 1909. He was formerly Roosevelt’s Secretary of War. 21. Woodrow Wilson: Democratic President elected in 1912. He was the former governor of New Jersey and president of Princeton University. Reforms: 22. Direct Primary: A vote held by all members of a political party to decide their candidate for public office. 23. Initiative: the right of citizens to place a measure or issue before the voters or the legislature for approval. 24. Referendum: the practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislature. 25. Recall: the right that enables voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from office. Amendments: 26. 16th Amendment: The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on income, establishing the Federal Income Tax System. 27. 17th Amendment: “The Senate of the United States shall be composed of 2 senators from each state, elected by the people.” This established direct election of senators. 28. 18th Amendment: “The Manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the U.S. and all territory is hereby prohibited.” This led to the prohibition of alcohol in the USA. 29. 19th Amendment: “The right of citizens of the U.S. to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any state on account of sex.” This amendment gave women federal protection of the right to vote. Legislation: 30. Meat Inspection Act: Provided federal agents to inspect any meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of all meat-processing plants. 31. Pure Food and Drug Act: Allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food, and the mislabeling of food and drugs. (Today we the FDA to enforce)32. Interstate Commerce Commission: Federal agency that regulated railroads and other trade of goods across state lines. 33. Hepburn Act: This law gave the government authority to set and limit shipping costs. *Passed at President Roosevelt’s request, expanding the powers of the ICC beyond railroads to express companies and other forms of transportation (like ferries, sleeping-car companies, etc.) 34. Clayton Anti-Trust Act: This law protected labor unions and limited businesses ability to exploit workers. This law was passed in 1914 to outlaw certain practices that restricted competition such as price discrimination or charging different customers different prices. 35. Federal Reserve Act: This law established that the government could regulate the interest rates of private banks and influence the money supply. This law placed national banks under the control of the Federal Reserve Board, which runs 12 regional banks across the USA. 36. Federal Trade Commission: This is a government agency created in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling. This agency had the power to investigate companies and issue “cease and desist” orders against those it found engaging in unfair trade practices. 37. Underwood Tariff: Re-imposed the federal income tax allowing the ratification of the 16th Amendment, while it also lowered basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%. It was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on October 3, 1913. Muckrakers: 38. Jacob Riis: Author of How the other Half Lives39. Upton Sinclair: Author of The Jungle40. Lincoln Steffens: Author of The Shame of the Cities Terms for Matching: Legislation and Agencies: “Square Deal”Meat Inspection Act“New Nationalism”Underwood Tariff“Bull Moose” PartyClayton Anti-Trust Act“New Freedom” Federal Trade CommissionGifford PinchotPure Food and Drug ActNAWSAHepburn Act“Perfect 36”Interstate Commerce CommissionScientific ManagementFederal Reserve Act Robert M. LaFolletteProgressivismSuffrageProhibitionAnne Dallas DudleyHarry BurnNiagara MovementAnti-Defamation League NAACPJohn MuirPresidents: Teddy RooseveltWilliam H. TaftWoodrow WilsonReforms: RecallReferendumInitiativeDirect PrimaryAmendments: 16th , 17th, 18th, 19th ................
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